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淮河大堤老应段土体蠕变特性研究及工程应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文依据工程需要, 采取淮河大堤老应段的原状和扰动土样, 在室内对堤体及堤基土的剪切蠕变和拉伸蠕变特性进行了试验研究。粘土的蠕变剪切强度远低于瞬时剪切强度, Ｃ值仅是Ｃ值的４０％左右;相同含水条件下粘土的长时抗拉强度大于瞬时抗拉强度, 长时拉伸应变量远大于瞬时拉伸应变量, 约为２倍。 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):53-61
In many rock engineering applications such as foundations, slopes and tunnels, the intact rock properties are not actually determined by laboratory tests, due to the requirements of high quality core samples and sophisticated test equipments. Thus, predicting the rock properties by using empirical equations has been an attractive research topic relating to rock engineering practice for many years. Soft computing techniques are now being used as alternative statistical tools. In this study, artificial neural network models were developed to predict the rock properties of the intact rock, by using sound level produced during rock drilling. A database of 832 datasets, including drill bit diameter, drill bit speed, penetration rate of the drill bit and equivalent sound level (Leq) produced during drilling for input parameters, and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Schmidt rebound number (SRN), dry density (ρ), P-wave velocity (Vp), tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (E) and percentage porosity (n) of intact rock for output, was established. The constructed models were checked using various prediction performance indices. Goodness of the fit measures revealed that recommended ANN model fitted the data as accurately as experimental results, indicating the usefulness of artificial neural networks in predicting rock properties. 相似文献
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节理的剪切强度涉及到岩体工程的安全。通过CSS–342岩体剪切试验机对3组具有不同形貌特征的节理进行直剪试验,研究形貌对剪切强度的影响。试验结果表明：峰值剪切强度随法向应力和粗糙程度的增加而增加;但就相同的形貌而言,剪切应力与法向应力的比值减小,即由形貌产生的剪胀角随法向应力的增加而减小。通过分析剪胀角存在的边界条件,提出双曲线形式的剪胀角演化模型,并采用抗拉强度体现岩石的性质对节理剪切强度的影响。采用坡度均方根表征节理的三维形貌特征并提出相应的峰值剪切强度公式,与经典的Barton公式进行了比较,总体上新公式的计算值更为接近试验值。 相似文献
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在分析矿区地层岩性、构造和水文地质条件的基础上,依据岩石的物理力学性质,确定了矿区边坡的软弱层面,同时对矿区南帮（非工作帮）的工程地质特征进行了研究。认为：第四系松散层具饱水性质,新近系地层以膨胀性的粘土（岩）为主,可塑性较强,易崩解,抗压、抗剪强度低,煤系地层以软岩为主,力学强度亦低,矿区工程地质特征为二类一型。据此预测了该区可能产生的工程地质问题,并提出了相应预防措施。 相似文献
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针对北方寒旱区路基边坡时常因拉剪强度不足而发生浅层滑坡的现象,通过常规三轴试验探究了冻融和高吸力对非饱和土的强度特性影响。结果表明：随着冻融次数的增加,非饱和土的土-水特征曲线逐渐下移,抗拉强度与抗剪强度逐渐减小;随着基质吸力的增加,抗剪强度逐渐增大,抗拉强度逐渐降低。鉴于传统的抗拉抗剪联合公式不能很好地反映经冻融作用之后高吸力非饱和土抗拉区破坏包线的实际情况,通过引入“界值”概念,提出一种新的抗拉区绘制破坏包线的方法对传统公式进行修正,修正后的公式具有很好的适用性,可以为寒旱区非饱和土边坡稳定性计算提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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经验参数m,s对岩体强度的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在研究Hoek-Brown经验强度准则过程中,不难发现,该准则将工程岩体在荷载作用下表现出来的复杂破坏,归结为拉伸和剪切破坏两种机制;将影响岩体强度的复杂因素,集中包含在准则引用的两个经验参数m(岩石软硬程度)、s(岩体破坏程度)之中。因而研究m,s两参数对岩体强度的影响,有较大的工程实用价值。本着从工程应用精度要求出发,侧重其m,s对岩体强度值计算精度的影响和规律进行了探讨和研究,指出了精确确定m,s值对岩体强度的应用与理论规律研究的重要性,同时也对工程正确应用该准则给予了启迪和帮助。 相似文献
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土体抗拉张力学特性研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在传统土力学的观念中,土体通常不主动作为抗拉材料使用,土的抗拉强度很小,因而土体的抗拉强度往往被忽略或几乎视为零,造成土体抗拉强度理论远落后于抗剪强度理论。实际上,土体的抗拉张力学特性在土体变形与破坏的过程中起着非常重要的作用。总结了土体抗拉张力学特性试验的发展过程及发展特点,介绍了土体抗拉张力学试验的最新进展,并结合非饱和土力学及其抗拉强度理论的研究热点,认为对非饱和土合理统一的"吸力"认识仍然是非饱和土抗拉张特性研究的关键。然后,从岩土破坏模式角度,总结了岩土拉剪耦合破坏规律的8类破坏模式,分析了土体在此研究领域的现状,最后阐明了土体尤其是非饱和土的抗拉张力学特性研究现状的5个特点,展望了土体抗拉张力学特性新的重要研究方向。 相似文献
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研究表明,大多数工程岩体失稳以结构面的剪切破坏为主,因此结构面的抗剪强度就成为影响工程岩体稳定性的决定性因素。通常结构面抗剪强度参数的获取可通过直剪试验及经验估算获得,但在岩石工程稳定性的分析、计算中所用的结构面抗剪强度参数的获取基本上都通过直剪试验获得。经验估算方法同直剪试验相比,有费用低、考虑工程岩体的实际工程条件及尺寸效应等优点,用其估算结构面抗剪强度参数具有较大经济价值及工程意义。在野外结构面定向统计测量基础上,用结构面抗剪强度经验估算方法获得其抗剪强度参数,再利用详细的工程地质资料、赤平投影定性分析及确定工程岩体的破坏模式,选用与破坏模式相匹配的数学力学模型,定量计算分析工程岩体的稳定性。理论分析及工程实践表明,该边坡总体上是稳定的,但楔形体处容易失稳,须处理。 相似文献
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Predicting elastic properties of schistose rocks from unconfined strength using intelligent approach 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Elastic properties of rocks play a major and crucial role for the design of any engineering structure. Determination of elastic properties in laboratory is tedious, laborious, very time consuming, as well as expertise is required, whereas determination of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and tensile strength in laboratory is simple, easy, and less expertise is required. Here, an attempt has been made to predict the elastic properties (Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus) of the schistose rocks from unconfined strength (UCS and tensile strength) using artificial neural network (ANN). A three-layer feed-forward back propagation neural network with 2-5-2 architecture was trained up to 855 epochs to predict the elastic properties of rock mass. The network was trained and tested by 120 data sets, and validation of the network was done by 20 new randomly selected data sets of UCS and tensile strength. The samples were collected from the schistose rocks of Nathpa-Jhakri hydropower project site, SJVNL, Himachal Pradesh, India. To check the validity and suitability of the artificial neural network technique, multivariate regression analysis (MVRA) is also performed, and comparison has been made. It was found that ANN gives closer values of predicted Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus as compared to MVRA. The coefficient of determination for Poisson’s ratio was 0.9809 and 0.843 by ANN and MVRA, respectively, whereas 0.9922 and 0.9362 for Young’s modulus by ANN and MVRA, respectively. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for Young’s modulus is 11.13 and 28.21 by ANN and MVRA, respectively; whereas MAPE for Poisson’s ratio is 3.64 and 9.23 by ANN and MVRA, respectively. 相似文献
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In this paper, a testing methodology was developed in the laboratory to measure the tensile strength of large-scale incipient rock joints. In the test, an expansive grout was used to develop the tensile force. Each test comprises two phases: Phase i test and Phase ii test. The Phase i test identified sample failure time, while the Phase ii test measured the corresponding tensile force arising from the expansive grout. Ostensibly homogeneous rock samples without incipient joints were firstly tested to establish the methodology. Tensile strength of block samples containing incipient rock joints was then measured using the established testing scheme. The test results have been compared with those obtained from conventional Brazilian and uniaxial tension tests as suggested by ISRM. The proposed approach is capable of giving a measure of tensile strength of large-scale incipient rock joints, although somewhat smaller strength than that from the standard approaches was occasionally measured in the preliminary tests on ostensibly homogeneous samples. Effects of stress concentration, sample scale, loading rate and expansive tensile force on the testing results were discussed. Furthermore, this simple and practical testing scheme is proposed for the measurement of the in situ tensile strength of rock and incipient discontinuities in the field, which if successful will provide a more scientific guidance on the rock mass classification and engineering design. 相似文献
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选取怒江段、高黎贡山隧道和潞西—平达段的灰岩、砂岩、花岗岩、玄武岩4种岩性,分别进行了岩石抗压强度、抗剪强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比等力学性能参数的实验室和室外现场测定。结果表明,岩石力学参数的定量测试与野外岩组的定性划分、理论依据能很好地吻合。通过野外实地观察,结合岩石样品力学性质参数的室内测试和室外现场测定,对大理—瑞丽铁路沿线的工程地质岩组进行了划分,共划分出22个工程地质岩组。在全线工程地质岩组中,坚硬岩组占16.23%,坚硬—较坚硬岩组占31.67%,较坚硬岩组占26%,较坚硬—较软弱岩组占14.17%,软弱岩组占11.93%。全线以坚硬和较坚硬岩组为主体。 相似文献
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地下工程围岩分类的神经网络可视化评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
围岩分类是地下工程技术基础研究的重要课题之一。影响围岩类别的因素有很多，并且具有高度的随机性和模糊性。神经网络方法具有自组织、自学习和高度非线性映射的能力，并且既能考虑定量因素又能考虑定性因素，因此，在围岩分类的应用方面，神经网络具有广泛的前景。文章基于改进的BP神经网络的一般原理，依据有关地下工程围岩的分类标准，选取岩体结构、岩石饱和单轴抗压强度、岩体结构面、岩石纵波速度作为围岩分类的评价指标，利用MATLAB语言构建了可视化的围岩分类神经网络模型，并收集了大量的工程资料对网络进行训练和检验。结果表明，网络的预测结果与实际结果比较一致。证明神经网络是能够在工程岩体分类方面得到推广应用的。 相似文献
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Characterization of Strength of Intact Brittle Rock Considering Confinement-Dependent Failure Processes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As technologies for deep underground development such as tunneling underneath mountains or mass mining at great depths (>1,000 m) are implemented, more difficult ground conditions in highly stressed environments are encountered. Moreover, the anticipated stress level at these depths easily exceeds the loading capacity of laboratory testing, so it is difficult to properly characterize what the rock behavior would be under high confinement stress conditions. If rock is expected to fail in a brittle manner, behavior changes associated with the relatively low tensile strength, such as transition from splitting to the shear failure, have to be considered and reflected in the adopted failure criteria. Rock failure in tension takes place at low confinement around excavations due to tensile or extensional failure in heterogeneous rocks. The prospect of tensile-dominant brittle failure diminishes as the confinement increases away from the excavation boundary. Therefore, it must be expected that the transition in the failure mechanism, from tensile to shear, occurs as the confinement level increases and conditions for extensional failure are prevented or strongly diminished. However, conventional failure criteria implicitly consider only the shear failure mechanism (i.e., failure envelopes touching Mohr stress circles), and thus, do not explicitly capture the transition of failure modes from tensile to shear associated with confinement change. This paper examines the methodologies for intact rock strength determination as the basic input data for engineering design of deep excavations. It is demonstrated that published laboratory test data can be reinterpreted and better characterized using an s-shaped failure criterion highlighting the transition of failure modes in brittle failing rock. As a consequence of the bi-modal nature of the failure envelope, intact rock strength data are often misinterpreted. If the intact rock strength is estimated by standard procedures from unconfined compression tests (UCS) alone, the confined strength may be underestimated by as much as 50 % (on average). If triaxial data with a limited confinement range (e.g., σ3 ? 0.5 UCS due to cell pressure limitations) are used, the confined strength may be overestimated. Therefore, the application of standard data fitting procedures, without consideration of confinement-dependent failure mechanisms, may lead to erroneous intact rock strength parameters when applied to brittle rocks, and consequently, by extrapolation, to correspondingly erroneous rock mass strength parameters. It follows that the strength characteristics of massive rock differ significantly in the direct vicinity of excavation from that which is remote with higher confinement. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt a differentiated approach to obtain intact rock strength parameters for engineering problems at lower confinement (near excavation; e.g., excavation stability assessment or support design), and at elevated confinement (typically, when the confinement exceeds about 10 % of the UCS) as might be encountered in wide pillar cores. 相似文献
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选取怒江段、高黎贡山隧道和潞西—平达段的灰岩、砂岩、花岗岩、玄武岩4种岩性,分别进行了岩石抗压强度、抗剪强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比等力学性能参数的实验室和室外现场测定。结果表明,岩石力学参数的定量测试与野外岩组的定性划分、理论依据能很好地吻合。通过野外实地观察,结合岩石样品力学性质参数的室内测试和室外现场测定,对大理—瑞丽铁路沿线的工程地质岩组进行了划分,共划分出22个工程地质岩组。在全线工程地质岩组中,坚硬岩组占16.23%,坚硬—较坚硬岩组占31.67%,较坚硬岩组占26%,较坚硬—较软弱岩组占14.17%,软弱岩组占11.93%。全线以坚硬和较坚硬岩组为主体。 相似文献
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A new rock mass classification for Coal Measures Rocks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ergül Ya
ar 《Engineering Geology》2001,62(4):293-300
This paper examines a new rock mass classification system (RMCR) for Coal Measures Rocks which is based on extensive laboratory testing results. The new system has been developed using 12 parameters which consist of mineral content index, uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, Young's modulus of elasticity, shear strength, cohesion of rocks, angle of internal friction, point load index, cone indenter index, Cerchar index, Shore schleroscope hardness and specific energy index. The RMCR value was obtained by a number of laboratory and in situ testing results which were obtained from the coal site. The objective of the RMCR is to estimate the rock mass properties for engineering purposes. 相似文献