共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 624 毫秒
1.
利用等高线生成DEM方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
数字高程模型(DEM)是地理信息系统的一种基础数据。高质量数字高程模型的建立是DEM应用的重要前提。等高线地图作为生成DEM的重要而廉价的数据来源,具有十分重要的研究价值。介绍数字高程模型的概念、表示方法和主要表示模型等理论基础。论述了从等高线建立规则格网(Grid)和不规则三角网(TIN)的常用方法,对这些方法作了比较分析。就如何从等高线建立高质量DEM为目的,具体论述了从等高线的预处理、等高线的赋值、等高线的简化直到最后生成DEM整个过程的实现方法。 相似文献
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从数字高程模型中自动提取地表沟谷,水系信息的改进方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
一、引言地表的高程信息是地形图上表示的最重要的信息之一。在地理信息系统中，地表的高程信息通常表示成数字高程模型（DEM）的形式，而很少表示成像地形图上的等高线的形式。因为数字高程模型比数字化形式的等高线更容易进行各种应用分析和处理。 相似文献
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DEM建模方案的分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
首先阐述了数字地面模型的定义，其次叙述了目前DEM建模的方法：根据离散点建模和根据等高线数据建模，最后讨论一种基于数字化等高线建立高质量DEM的方案，并分析其可行性。 相似文献
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论述了数字高程模型（DEM）数据获取方法及算法,提出利用同期作业的数字地图（DLG）生产DEM这样一种行之有效的途径。并针对采用等高线建立不规则三角网（TIN）存在的问题,提出解决问题的方法。论述影响DEM精度的因素及DEM生产的质量检查。 相似文献
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DEM建模方案的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先阐述了数字地面模型的定义 ,其次叙述了目前DEM建模的方法 :根据离散点建模和根据等高线数据建模 ,最后讨论一种基于数字化等高线建立高质量DEM的方案 ,并分析其可行性。 相似文献
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AutoCAD环境下数字高程模型的建立和等高线的自动绘制 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
提出一种利用离散高程数据在AutoCAD下进行DEM(数字高程模型)的建立和等高线自动追踪的方法，并实现了三角网区域边界方便有效的确定和等高线与地面模型的3维显示。 相似文献
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李含璞 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(10):183-188
数字高程模型(DEM)作为地面高程信息的数字表示形式,在地学研究领域得到了广泛应用.本文通过对DEM基本原理及其现有表示形式进行分析,提出了数字等高线也是DEM表示形式的观点.随后通过选取4种不同地貌类型的规则格网DEM作为实验区,分析研究了DEM格网间距对坡度、坡面曲率、地表切割深度、地表粗糙度和沟谷密度等地形因子提取的影响,为人们根据地貌类型和应用需求合理选择DEM分辨率提供了参考. 相似文献
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基于DEM的遥感数据复原方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了一种基于数字高程模型（DEM）的遥感数据复原新方法。此方法将地形因子作为最主要的作用因子，不考虑卫星传感过程中的随机影响。首先，根据基础地理数据，按其等高线层生成DEM； 然后，利用DEM，通过实测样点、DEM和经过纠正的遥感数据的信息融合，进行遥感数据中像元样点的坡度、坡向分析，建立DEM与遥感信息的相关关系模型，以数学统计方法描述地形因子对遥感数据的作用机理； 最后，进行逐像元的遥感信息复原(归一化)。结果表明，该方法具有较好的信息复原效果，可消除或减少地形对遥感数据的影响，增强遥感技术在山区复杂地形下的实用性。 相似文献
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利用全数字摄影测量得到的高精度点数据,获取不同密度的点数据,建立基于ANUDEM和TIN方法的两种DEM,比较两种DEM的高程中误差,分析数据密度、栅格尺寸与高程中误差的关系。研究结果表明,建立1∶100 00比例尺,具有高程中误差2m左右、栅格尺寸5m以下的ANUDEM,需要的点密度水平为大于7 000个/km2,而TINDEM则为8 500个/km2。同时,当栅格尺寸小于20m、数据密度介于7 000～9 400个/km2时,无论是ANUDEM还是TINDEM,高程中误差都处于一个较稳定的状态。 相似文献
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本文分析了不同类的三维空间定位网(简称为空间网或三维网)联合处理时,坐标转换摸型定义上的差别,从统计学角度定义了空间网系统性尺度误差,区分和讨论了不同类空间网的不同尺度特性,在提出理论模型的基础上,分析了各类空间网联合处理时的实用转换模型的特性和偏差。最后,提出了多类空间网联合处理时的最佳转换模型。 相似文献
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LIUGang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2005,8(1):28-32
This paper focuses on the image segmentation with probabilistic neural networks (PNNs). Back propagation neural networks (BpNNs) and multi perceptron neural networks (MLPs) are also considered in this study, Especially, this paper investigates the implementation of PNNs in image segmentation and optimal processing of image segmentation with a PNN. The comparison between image segmentations with PNNs and with other neural networks is given. The experimental results show that PNNs can be successfully applied to image segmentation for good results. 相似文献
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Multi-representation databases (MRDB) are used in several Geographical Information System applications for different purposes. MRDB are mainly obtained through model and cartographic generalizations. The model generalization is essentially achieved with the selection/elimination process in which a decision must be made to include or exclude the object at the target level. In this study, support vector machines (SVM) was, for the first time, used for the selection/elimination process in stream network generalization. Within this context, the attributes to be used as input data in the SVM method were determined and weighted according to the associations determined in a chi-squared independence test. 1:100,000-scale (medium resolution) stream networks were derived from two 1:24,000-scale (high resolution) stream networks with different patterns in the United States Geological Survey National Hydrography Data-sets. The derived stream networks were quite similar to the 1:100,000-scale original stream networks in both qualitative and visual aspects. 相似文献
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Kang Yang Laurence C. Smith Vena W. Chu Lincoln H. Pitcher Colin J. Gleason Asa K. Rennermalm 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(4):459-482
Extensive, complex supraglacial river networks form on the southwest Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface each melt season. These networks are the dominant pathways for surface meltwater transport on this part of the ice sheet, but their fluvial morphometry has received little study. This paper utilizes high-resolution (2 m) WorldView-1/2 images, digital elevation models, and GIS tools to present a detailed morphometric characterization (river number, river length, Strahler stream order, width, depth, bifurcation ratio, braiding index, drainage density, slope, and relief ratio) for 523 GrIS supraglacial river networks. A new algorithm is presented to determine Strahler stream order in supraglacial environments. Results show that (1) Supraglacial river networks are broadly similar to terrestrial landscapes in that they follow Horton’s laws (river number, mean river length, and slope versus stream order), widen downstream, and have comparable mean bifurcation ratios (3.7 ± 1.9) and braiding indices; (2) unlike terrestrial systems, supraglacial drainage densities (0.90–4.75 km/km2) have no correlation with elevation relief, but instead display a weakly inverse correlation with ice surface elevation; (3) both well-developed (e.g., fifth-order) and discrete (e.g., first-order) supraglacial river networks form on the ice sheet, with the latter associated with short flow distances upstream of a terminal moulin; (4) mean river flow widths increase substantially, but flow depths only modestly, with increasing stream order. Viewed collectively, the 523 supraglacial river networks studied here display fluvial morphometries both similar and dissimilar to terrestrial systems, with moulin capture an important physical process driving the latter. 相似文献
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基于神经网络的地图数字注记识别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
指出了地图自动识别系统中地图数字注记识别存在的困难，论证了利用神经网络技术解决这种困难的可能性，并通过一个含有２个隐藏层的ＢＰ网络，说明了这种技术用于地图数字注记识别的可行性。 相似文献
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Konstantinos Topouzelis Vassilia Karathanassi Petros Pavlakis Demetrius Rokos 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):179-191
Radar backscatter values from oil spills are very similar to backscatter values from very calm sea areas and other ocean phenomena. Several studies aiming at oil spill detection have been conducted. Most of these studies rely on the detection of dark areas, which have high Bayesian probability of being oil spills. The drawback of these methods is a complex process, mainly because non-linearly separable datasets are introduced in statistically based decisions. The use of neural networks (NNs) in remote sensing has increased significantly, as NNs can simultaneously handle non-linear data of a multidimensional input space. In this article, we investigate the ability of two commonly used feed-forward NN models: multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) networks, to classify dark formations in oil spills and look-alike phenomena. The appropriate training algorithm, type and architecture of the optimum network are subjects of research. Inputs to the networks are the original synthetic aperture radar image and other images derived from it. MLP networks are recognized as more suitable for oil spill detection. 相似文献
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A GIS numerical framework to study the process basis of scaling statistics in river networks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new geographic information system (GIS) numerical framework (NF), called CUENCAS, for flows in river networks is presented. The networks are extracted from digital elevation models (DEMs). The program automatically partitions a basin into hillslopes and channel links that are required to correspond to these features in an actual terrain. To investigate the appropriate DEM resolution for this correspondence, we take a high-resolution DEM at 10-m pixel size, and create DEMs at eight different resolutions in increments of 10 m by averaging. The extracted networks from 10-30 m remain about the same, even though there is a tenfold reduction in the number of pixels. By contrast, the extracted networks show increasing distortions of the original network from 40-90 m DEMs. We show the presence of statistical self-similarity (scaling) in the probability distributions of drainage areas in a Horton-Strahler framework using CUENCAS. The NF for flows takes advantage of the hillslope-link decomposition of an actual terrain and specifies mass and momentum balance equations and physical parameterizations at this scale. These equations are numerically solved. An application of NF is given to test different physical assumptions that produce statistical self-similarity in spatial peak flow statistics in a Horton-Strahler framework. 相似文献
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Mª Selmira Garrido Elena GiménezMª Clara de Lacy Antonio J. Gil 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Precise GNSS-based differential positioning in real time is usually known as the real-time kinematics (RTK) technique. RTK reduces the effects of orbit errors and ionospheric and tropospheric refraction by forming differences between the observables (e.g. double-differences). These effects, however, grow with increasing baseline length, although the use of corrections generated in real-time from an active GNSS network allows these distance-dependent errors to be reduced. This technology increases the reliability of the system and thereby the accuracy of real-time positioning. In this study, the test results of RTK positioning at different test points located in the border area between the Autonomous Communities of the Region of Murcia and the Community of Valencia, in SE Spain, are presented. The analysis is based on three GNSS local active networks present in this border area, namely MERISTEMUM, REGAM and ERVA networks. Test measurements with RTK rover were performed in this region in order to analyze the real-time services offered by these three networks. Moreover, precise coordinates for each test point were determined using Bernese 5.0. The results confirm that it is possible to achieve centimetre-scale accuracy with RTK positioning based on the networks studied, even in border regions. 相似文献