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1.
通过对流域河网二维水流模拟问题的分析,提出了一个通用化的河网二维模拟概化模式,该模式将河网二维概化为"树状"河道计算单元、"环状"河道计算单元、"十字型"河道计算单元等河网二维基本单元,对这些河道计算单元的求解,构建流域型河网一二维耦合模式的求解模型,并由此建立了通用化的河网二维水流数学模型软件系统。通过"树状"河道二维计算单元求解模型的推导与实现,验证了概化模式的可行性,表明该思路可以应用于大型流域河网一、二维水流模拟,具有很好的应用推广价值。 相似文献
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传统水系连通方案编制主要以水系结构为主导,忽略了连通后对水系功能的影响,本文在进行城市水系布局时,将水系连通形状和连通功能两部分纳为一体来制定水系连通方案。基于中心性评价方法,提出河段重要性计算方法来定量刻画河段重要性;借助隶属度函数建立连通功能及其表征参数的函数关系,据此量化水系连通功能效果;以河网连通功能达标率和水系连通性满足度为优选目标,建立结构-功能耦合下的水系连通方案两阶段优化模型,优选最佳闸门联合调度方案。以清潩河许昌段为实例,优化原河网及不同水系连通情景的连通性。研究表明:经过优化后,原河网清潩河水系连通性总体较好,但护城河附近和饮马河的连通性较差;连通护城河和清泥河、连通饮马河和小洪河能极大地提升护城河附近和饮马河的水系连通性。 相似文献
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通常平原城市河网水动力条件较差,加快水体更新、增强水体的流动性可改善河网水环境质量。以长江下游典型平原城市启东市为例,充分利用河道天然潮动力条件,建立河网水动力学模型,通过数值模拟试验,量化分析优化水系格局、工程布局和调度方式对河网水体流动性的改善程度。结果表明:在最不利潮汐条件下,优化方案可将河网的全历时生态流速达标率由52.3%提升至94.2%,最大瞬时生态流速达标率由42.6%提升至85.0%,区域生态流速持续度达91.8%,同时还可节约67.5%的引调水量;改善水系格局、优化河网控制工程布局及其调度方案可以减少域外引水,同时显著增加河网水流更新速率,降低污染物滞留时间,从而改善水环境。该方法可为提升平原城市感潮河网水环境质量提供新手段。 相似文献
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滇中地区作为青藏高原东南缘构造活动最强烈的地区之一,发育了许多活动走滑断裂,并且在该区域上密布着不同级别的河网,为利用河网分析断裂活动提供了有利条件。为揭示滇中河网发育与断裂活动内在联系,本文基于30 m分辨率的SRTM-3数字高程模型(DEM)在ArcGIS环境下提取了滇中地区金沙江、珠江、红河内的20条支流的河流网络,分析其典型的河网参数(分支比和长度比),通过这些比值与Horton定律描述的一般性河流网络进行对比。同时,基于ArcGIS空间分析技术及Matlab程序脚本系统,对这20条河流流域纵剖面进行定量化研究,分析其河道基岩侵蚀力模型,得到S-A拟合图解。结果表明:滇中地区金沙江、珠江、红河中大多数与断裂带重合的高级别河流的支流,河网发育明显地受到了断裂活动的影响;在河道基岩侵蚀力模型S-A拟合图中呈现为上凸和下凹相间排列,这一现象在金沙江流域的各支流最为显著,造成这一现象的原因可能是研究区内的河道主要受走滑断裂控制,当断裂以压扭性为主时,河道的隆升量大于剥蚀量,S-A拟合曲线表现为上凸;当断裂以张扭性为主时,河道的隆升量小于剥蚀量,S-A拟合曲线表现为下凹。通过对河网构造地貌特征的研究可以使我们更好地理解该地区的构造活动特征。 相似文献
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河道疏浚工程方案优选指标通常具有不可公度、非线性、多维特征,采用传统的数据分析法因数字换限制往往难以获取指标之间的内在作用规律,而投影寻踪法在分析处理高维非正态分布方面表现出较强的适用性。据此,本文以北票市凌河流域河道疏浚工程为例,利用模型对工程方案进行了优选分析。研究表明:疏浚工程方案Ⅱ最优,该评价结果与专家意见保持良好的一致性;在河道疏浚工程方案优选法方面,投影寻踪模型表现出较强的适用性与科学性,该方法计算简单、原理清晰,研究成果可为其他流域河道疏浚方案的优选提供一定的决策依据和参考价值。 相似文献
6.
太湖流域河网水流运动模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在以往研究的基础上,利用距离提取陆域宽度,采用最短路径法,考虑河道过水面积、流量模数等因素,对陆域面上的调蓄作用进行相似模拟.为减少计算工作量,避免受计算机容量、计算工作量及资料的限制,对天然河网湖泊进行合并及概化,考虑区域工程情况及其运行方式以及破圩后的水流情况,建立了河网水流运动模型,在太湖流域防洪调度中得到了应用. 相似文献
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为了探索分支河流体系河网分布规律,为创建储层建模训练图像提供知识库信息。利用Google Earth、Global Mapper、91卫图助手等现代地理信息软件,系统测量了现代格尔木河流扇表面河道分叉特征,应用Horton定律和分形方法建立了河流扇的河网形态模型。结果表明：①格尔木河流扇从顶点到入湖段共识别出26级河道,882个节点和2162个河道段,泉线上、下的河道表现出不同的河网形态;②泉线上部共发育64个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的RB=1.8900倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的RL=1.0095倍,即河网形态特征参数RB=1.8900和RL=1.0095;泉线下部共发育818个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的RB=1.0279倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的RL=0.9899倍,即河网形态特征参数是RB=1.0279和RL=0.9899;③河网形态特征参数受坡度影响变化较大,坡度较大则河网形态特征参数较大,坡度较小则河网形态特征参数较小。河网形态特征参数定量表征促进了分支河流体系沉积学发展,为开展陆相盆地储层建模和砂体预测提供了新的知识库信息 相似文献
10.
为了探索分支河流体系河网分布规律,为创建储层建模训练图像提供知识库信息。利用Google Earth、Global Mapper、91卫图助手等现代地理信息软件,系统测量了现代格尔木河流扇表面河道分叉特征,应用Horton定律和分形方法建立了河流扇的河网形态模型。结果表明：①格尔木河流扇从顶点到入湖段共识别出26级河道,882个节点和2162个河道段,泉线上、下的河道表现出不同的河网形态;②泉线上部共发育64个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的RB=1.8900倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的RL=1.0095倍,即河网形态特征参数RB=1.8900和RL=1.0095;泉线下部共发育818个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的RB=1.0279倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的RL=0.9899倍,即河网形态特征参数是RB=1.0279和RL=0.9899;③河网形态特征参数受坡度影响变化较大,坡度较大则河网形态特征参数较大,坡度较小则河网形态特征参数较小。河网形态特征参数定量表征促进了分支河流体系沉积学发展,为开展陆相盆地储层建模和砂体预测提供了新的知识库信息 相似文献
11.
为解决河网水动力模型重要参数糙率与水力状态量水位、流量的同步校正问题,以糙率和水力状态量作为河网非线性动态系统变量,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波,构建结合糙率动态校正的河网水情数据同化模型.通过算例计算,系统分析了水位动态噪声水平、糙率动态噪声水平、糙率初始值及测站个数对模型校正的影响.结果表明:模型能够有效用于水位状态量的实时校正;靠近测站的糙率校正值趋于真值,远离测站的糙率校正值趋于初始值;通过调整糙率动态噪声水平,可以有效控制糙率的修正量,防止糙率修正过大而引起计算失效问题. 相似文献
12.
基于离散裂隙网络模型的裂隙水渗流计算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
离散裂隙网络模型(Discrete Fracture Network（DFN）)是研究裂隙水渗流最为有效的手段之一。文章根据裂隙几何参数和水力参数的统计分布,利用Monte Carlo随机模拟技术生成二维裂隙网络,基于图论无向图的邻接矩阵判断裂隙网络的连通,利用递归算法提取出裂隙网络的主干网或优势流路径。基于立方定律和渗流连续性方程,利用数值解析法建立了二维裂隙网络渗流模型,分析不同边界条件下裂隙网络中的流体流动。结果表明,该方法可以模拟区域宏观水力梯度和边界条件下,裂隙网络水力梯度方向总的流量,以及节点的水位、节点间的流量和流动方向的变化特征,为区域岩溶裂隙水渗流计算提供了一种实用、可行的方法。 相似文献
13.
Yvon Halbwachs Gabriel Courrioux Xavier Renaud Philippe Repusseau 《Mathematical Geology》1996,28(5):625-656
The consistent geometric and topological representation of a fault network is possible through a method based on the implementation of 3-dimensional Generalized maps (3-G-map) enabling all subdivisions of space to be represented. The fault network is modeled as an assemblage of polygonal faces from a set of geometric data on the faults and a knowledge of the relationships between the faults. The resultant model is expressed in terms of a 3-G-map in which volume, surface, and topological information is constructed taking into account computed intersections between faults and known interception relations. The fault network can be edited through an interactive 3-D viewer which provides several tools for navigating within the 3-G-map. Information relevant to a fault network, such as block geometry, connectivity, adjacencies, and connectivity relationships, can be obtained by exploring the data structure of the 3-G-map. The fault network architecture is made comprehensive through interactive modeling and visualization. 相似文献
14.
河流水系连通性具有水文调蓄、保障生物迁徙通畅、改善水土环境等功能,目前主要从水文、景观和生态等方面对其进行了定义,而河流水系连通性对社会发展也发挥着重要作用,故河流水系连通性具有自然和社会双重属性,其连通性机制主要表现为纵向、横向、垂向连通性。目前主要从景观学、水文学、水力学、生态学等学科角度提出了图论法、水文-水力学法、景观法、生物法和综合指标法等计算方法,各方法有其适用性和不足,应用中须针对实际问题选择适宜方法或进行修正。河流水系连通性未来研究应综合多尺度、多领域、多学科,在研究内容上,重点开展尺度协同、连通性含义界定、响应机理及修复问题研究,在研究手段上,重点开展多方法、多技术集成问题研究。 相似文献
15.
褶皱的水力连通长度是复合褶皱渗漏量评估的关键参数,褶皱网络的水力连通性分析还缺乏客观高效的分析方法。基于对漏洞周围水头分布的简化,提出以搜索长度为标准判定褶皱间水力连通性。通过将褶皱线段化,建立了褶皱网络连通性数字化分析方法,并编制了相应的分析程序,研究了该方法在文献报道的褶皱网络和处于良好状态的GM/GCL（土工膜/土工复合膨润土垫）衬垫中的应用。结果表明：搜索长度的定义给出了判定褶皱间水力连通性的客观标准,能反映衬垫的不同参数（如水头、界面导水系数以及渗透系数等）对褶皱间水力连通性的影响。褶皱线段化使褶皱位置和尺寸的描述更容易,数字化的水力连通分析简便且高效。基于该水力连通性分析方法的渗漏量评估结果偏保守。在进行渗漏量计算时,若假定统一的长度来描述褶皱网络,则需要根据漏洞频率的不同选择不同值。该水力连通性分析方法作为渗漏量评估完全数字化的关键环节,具有重要的应用前景。 相似文献
16.
漳卫河中下游河道断面变化较大,该流域的洪水预报调度十分复杂。传统的水文学方法只是借助于历史洪水进行汇流参数率定,本文借助于水力学方法和河道实测断面,利用Easy Riv1D模型对河道洪水演进模拟研究,取得了较好的预报效果,可以为漳卫河流域的河道洪水演进提供技术支撑。 相似文献
17.
Discontinuities such as fractures or cracks are common in geo-materials. Connectivity is a comprehensive parameter that includes the influence of length, orientation and density of the discontinuities. The main objectives of this paper are to define connectivity based on the statistical geometrical parameters of a network of random discontinuities and to quantify the hydraulic properties of the network using connectivity. An analytical method is first proposed to evaluate connectivity through the density of degree of freedom (DDOF). The analytically estimated DDOF is verified using numerical analysis. DDOF increases with the increases in the mean length, relative orientation and density of the random discontinuity network. Connectivity becomes better and the permeability becomes larger with increasing DDOF. The representative element volume (REV) of a random discontinuity network can be estimated based on connectivity. When a discontinuity network is poorly connected, a REV does not exist when the size of the discontinuity network is smaller than 10 times of the mean length of the discontinuities. When a discontinuity network is normally connected, a REV exists when the REV size is smaller than 10 times of the mean length of the discontinuities. When the discontinuity network is highly connected, the REV size is only 2–4 times of the mean length of the discontinuities. The results indicate that DDOF is a good indicator to quantify the connectivity of a random discontinuity network and the relationship between connectivity and permeability. 相似文献
18.
Luke Mortimer Adnan Aydin Craig T. Simmons Graham Heinson Andrew J. Love 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(7):1293-1312
Fracture network connectivity is a spatially variable property that is difficult to quantify from standard hydrogeological datasets. This critical property is related to the distributions of fracture density, orientation, dimensions, intersections, apertures and roughness. These features that determine the inherent connectivity of a fracture network can be modified by secondary processes including weathering, uplift and unloading and other mechanisms that lead to fracture deformation in response to in situ stress. This study focussed on a fractured rock aquifer in the Clare Valley, South Australia, and found that fracture network connectivity could be discriminated from several geological, geophysical and hydrogeological field datasets at various scales including single well and local- to regional-scale data. Representative hydromechanical models of the field site were not only consistent with field observations but also highlighted the strong influence of in situ stress in determining the distribution of fracture hydraulic apertures and the formation of hydraulic chokes that impede fluid flow. The results of this multi-disciplinary investigation support the notion that the hydraulic conductivity of a fracture network is limited to the least hydraulically conductive interconnected fractures, which imposes a physical limit on the bulk hydraulic conductivity of a fractured rock aquifer. 相似文献
19.
Investigating groundwater flow components in an Alpine relict rock glacier (Austria) using a numerical model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marcus Pauritsch Thomas Wagner Gerfried Winkler Steffen Birk 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(2):371-383
Relict rock glaciers are complex hydrogeological systems that might act as relevant groundwater storages; therefore, the discharge behavior of these alpine landforms needs to be better understood. Hydrogeological and geophysical investigations at a relict rock glacier in the Niedere Tauern Range (Austria) reveal a slow and fast flow component that appear to be related to the heterogeneous structure of the aquifer. A numerical groundwater flow model was used to indicate the influence of important internal structures such as layering, preferential flow paths and aquifer-base topography. Discharge dynamics can be reproduced reasonably by both introducing layers of strongly different hydraulic conductivities or by a network of highly conductive channels within a low-conductivity zone. Moreover, the topography of the aquifer base influences the discharge dynamics, which can be observed particularly in simply structured aquifers. Hydraulic conductivity differences of three orders of magnitude are required to account for the observed discharge behavior: a highly conductive layer and/or channel network controlling the fast and flashy spring responses to recharge events, as opposed to less conductive sediment accumulations sustaining the long-term base flow. The results show that the hydraulic behavior of this relict rock glacier and likely that of others can be adequately represented by two aquifer components. However, the attempt to characterize the two components by inverse modeling results in ambiguity of internal structures when solely discharge data are available. 相似文献
20.
A high-resolution coastal ocean model is used to investigate salinity variability and water exchange in a complex coastal system off the southern U.S. characterized by three adjacent sounds that are interconnected by a network of channels, creeks, and intertidal areas. Model results are generally highly correlated with observations from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) program, revealing a high degree of salinity variability at the Altamaha River and Doboy Sound, decreasing sharply toward Sapelo Sound. A Lagrangian particle tracking method is used to investigate local residence time and connectivity in the system. Local residence time is highly variable, increasing with distance from the Altamaha River and decreasing with river flow, revealing that discharge plays a dominant role on transport processes and estuary-shelf exchange. The Altamaha River and Doboy Sound are connected to each other in all seasons, with exchange occurring both via coastal and estuarine pathways. While particles released at the Altamaha and Doboy rarely reach Sapelo Sound, particles released at Sapelo Sound and the creeks surrounding its main channel can reach the entire estuarine system. 相似文献