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1.
国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心收到待检的百余件群镶钻石首饰中发现混有大量HPHT合成黄色钻石.采用宝石显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、紫外可见光分光光谱仪、紫外荧光灯、DiamondView^TM等对HPHT合成钻石样品做了详细地测试与分析.结果表明,这些HPHT合成钻石样品具有较为统一的黄色,放大检查可见合成钻石内部含有大量棒状、柱状、细小微粒状的铁镍合金包裹体,且几乎都有磁性,有些磁性甚至较强;样品的红外反射光谱非常特征,均具有明显的1 131 cm^-1处的吸收峰,为Ⅰb型钻石,而Ⅰb型钻石在天然钻石中极少见到;X射线荧光光谱测试显示有强烈的铁峰和镍峰,且在短波紫外线下多数具有绿黄色荧光.HPHT合成钻石在DiamondView^TM下具有不同程度的黄绿色荧光,部分具有黑十字现象. 相似文献
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无色-近无色高温高压合成钻石的谱图特征及其鉴别方法 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
实验室发现大量小颗粒的无色高温高压(HPHT)合成钻石与天然钻石混杂镶嵌在各种饰品中,前人提出荧光和磷光特征是主要的快速区分特征,然而荧光、磷光特征的差异并不能完全将HPHT合成钻石与天然钻石区分开来。本文将常规的宝石学观察分析与多种高精度谱学测试相结合,对五粒不同的无色-近无色HPHT合成钻石样品进行深入研究。结果表明,五粒钻石在紫外可见吸收光谱无270 nm吸收或是只有极弱的270 nm吸收,随着颜色级别的降低,270 nm吸收越明显。红外光谱测试显示,各粒样品中都含有不等量的硼元素。光致发光光谱测试表明,HPHT合成钻石含有与微量N、Ni、Si等相关的晶格缺陷。超短波紫外光源激发下,所有的HPHT合成钻石都有强磷光,在钻石观察仪下可以观测到清晰的八面体和立方体分区特征。显然,不同的合成钻石的特征略有差异,但综合其荧光及磷光特征以及红外、紫外、光致发光光谱特征,可以准确地将无色HPHT合成钻石与对应的天然钻石区分开来。 相似文献
4.
To elucidate the conditions of formation of epigenetic graphite inclusions in natural diamond, we carried out experiments on high-temperature treatment of natural and synthetic diamond crystals containing microinclusions. The crystal annealing was performed in the CO–CO2 atmosphere at 700–1100 °C and ambient pressure for 15 min to 4 h. The starting and annealed diamond crystals were examined by optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that the microinclusions begin to change at 900 °C. A temperature increase to 1000 °C induces microcracks around the microinclusions and strong stress in the diamond matrix. The microinclusions turn black and opaque as a result of the formation of amorphous carbon at the diamond–inclusion interface. At 1100 °C, ordered graphite in the form of hexagonal and rounded plates is produced in the microcracks. A hypothesis is put forward that graphitization in natural diamond proceeds by the catalytic mechanism, whereas in synthetic diamond it is the result of pyrolysis of microinclusion hydrocarbons. The obtained data on the genesis of graphite microinclusions in diamond are used to evaluate the temperature of kimberlitic melt at the final stage of formation of diamond deposits. 相似文献
5.
Robert J. Brooks Adrian A. Finch David E. Hole Peter D. Townsend Zheng-Long Wu 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,143(4):484-494
Results are presented for the radio-, cathodo- and ionoluminescence (RL, CL and IL) of an ordered, exsolved alkali feldspar from South Greenland (BM2). BM2, a microperthite typical of many evolved rocks, has a broad red near-infrared luminescence, which, using lifetime-resolved CL, reveals four overlapping emissions, of which two are dominant. These derive from Fe3+-activated luminescence from the low albite and maximum microcline components of the microperthite in which the Fe is on the most ordered tetrahedral site. The temperature dependence of the emission shows a smooth change from longer wavelengths at 20 K to shorter values at room temperature. There is a broad relationship between Fe-O bond distance and the energy of the luminescence. Comparisons of RL, CL and IL allow features in the luminescence associated with surface states to be identified. The dependence of red RL intensity versus temperature is divided into four regions for which the activation energies and temperature ranges are estimated. Variations in RL intensity between 67 and 225 K are interpreted as a phase transition in microcline. RL intensity indicates a multi-stage transformation, proceeding via a first step between 67 and ~100 K in which luminescence intensity increases, followed by a region between 100 and ~225 K in which intensity falls. A discontinuity in intensity at ~225 K marks the end of the second region. These variations may result from changes in the bond angles of bridging oxygens. IL dose dependence studies have been performed. As implantation progresses, the red/IR emission profile skews towards short wavelengths, reflecting amorphisation of the structure and local variations in Fe-O bond distances. If the sample recovers for 24 h, the luminescence profile partly returns to its original state, but remains skewed, reflecting partial resumption of short-range order. Such profiles are also observed from natural shocked feldspars, and it may be that ion beam damage is akin to structural modifications associated with impact events. Ion implantation also causes the formation or enhancement of UV, blue and yellow emissions. Recovery of the sample over 24 h causes the UV and blue emissions to be greatly reduced, whereas the yellow emission may be enhanced. Tentative interpretations of this behaviour are presented. 相似文献
6.
The enigmatic appearance of cuboctahedral diamonds in ophiolitic and arc volcanic rocks with morphology and infrared characteristics similar to synthetic diamonds that were grown from metal solvent requires a critical reappraisal. We have studied 15 diamond crystals and fragments from Tolbachik volcano lava flows, using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). FTIR spectra of Tolbachik diamonds correspond to typical type Ib patterns of synthetic diamonds. In TEM films prepared using focused ion beam technique, we find Mn-Ni and Mn-Si inclusions in Tolbachik diamonds. SRXRF spectra indicate the presence of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Mn inclusions with Cr, Ti, Cu, and Zn impurities. LA-ICP-MS data show variable but significantly elevated concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cu reaching up to 70 ppm. These transition metal concentration levels are comparable with those determined by LA-ICP-MS for similar diamonds from Tibetan ophiolites. Mn-Ni (+Fe) solvent was widely used to produce industrial synthetic diamonds in the former USSR and Russia with very similar proportions of these metals. Hence, it appears highly probable that the cuboctahedral diamonds recovered from Kamchatka arc volcanic rocks represent contamination and are likely derived from drilling tools or other hard instruments. Kinetic data on diamond dissolution in basaltic magma or in fluid phase demonstrate that diamond does not form under the pressures and temperature conditions prevalent within the magmatic system beneath the modern-day Klyuchevskoy group of arc volcanoes. We also considered reference data for inclusions in ophiolitic diamonds and compared them with the composition of solvent used in industrial diamond synthesis in China. The similar inclusion chemistry close to Ni70Mn25Co5 for ophiolitic and synthetic Chinese diamonds scrutinized here suggests that most diamonds recovered from Tibetan and other ophiolites are not natural but instead have a synthetic origin. In order to mitigate further dubious reports of diamonds from unconventional tectonic settings and source rocks, we propose a set of discrimination criteria to better distinguish natural cuboctahedral diamonds from those produced synthetically in industrial environments and found as contaminants in mantle- and crust-derived rocks. 相似文献
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On the possibility of a kinetic fractionation of nitrogen stable isotopes during natural diamond growth 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Pierre Cartigny Jeff W. Harris Randi Davies Marc Javoy 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(8):1571-1576
In a diamond from New South Wales (Australia), cubic and octahedral growth sectors, as identified by cathodoluminescence (CL), show slight differences in N-contents of 29 and 42 ppm respectively but no significant differences in either δ13C, δ15N and nitrogen aggregation state with values at +1.96‰, +19.4‰, and 25% Type IaAB aggregation, respectively.Two gem cubes from the Orapa kimberlite (Botswana) were studied by CL revealing a nonfaceted cubic growth. Accordingly, nine other gem cubes were combusted and yielded δ13C-values from -5.33‰ to -6.63‰, δ15N from -1.0‰ to -5.5‰, and nitrogen contents from 914 to 1168 ppm, with nitrogen aggregation state being only Type IaA (zero % B). The gem cubes show striking similarities to fibrous/coated diamonds, not only in both δ13C ranges (less than 3‰ from -5 to -8‰), but also in the high levels of nitrogen (≈ 1000 ppm), suggesting that the two diamond types are related. Additionally, no δ15N variation was detected between the cube and octahedral growth sectors of the Australian diamond, in the cube sectors of the nine gem cubes from Botswana, nor in fibrous/coated diamonds previously studied. These analyses contrast with an earlier study on a synthetic diamond, which reported a strong kinetic fractionation of N-isotopes of about 40‰ between cube and octahedral growth. The present evidence, therefore, suggests that kinetic fractionation of N-isotopes does not operate during natural diamond formation. 相似文献
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Christoph Lenz Dominik Talla Katja Ruschel Radek Škoda Jens Götze Lutz Nasdala 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,107(3):415-428
In this paper, possibilities and limits of the application of REE3+ luminescence (especially the Nd3+ 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 emission) as structural probe are evaluated. Important factors controlling the Nd3+ luminescence signal are discussed, including effects of the crystal-field, crystal orientation, structural state, and temperature. Particular attention was paid to the study of the accessory minerals zircon (ZrSiO4), xenotime–(Y) (YPO4), monazite–(Ce) (CePO4) and their synthetic analogues. Based on these examples we review in short that (1) REE3+ luminescence can be used as non-destructive phase identification method, (2) the intensities of certain luminescence bands are strongly influenced by crystal orientation effects, and (3) increased widths of REE3+-related emission bands are a strong indicator for structural disorder. We discuss the potential of luminescence spectroscopy, complementary to Raman spectroscopy, for the quantitative estimation of chemical (and potentially also radiation-induced) disorder. For the latter, emissions of Nd3+-related centres are found to be promising candidates. 相似文献
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利用原子力显微镜（AFM）、场发射高分辨率扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和场发射高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）对物理法改色前后的优质淡水珍珠表面进行了细致的观察。通过对比分析珍珠在微米级至纳米级的范围内微结构及超微结构特征的变化,证明珍珠质层是天然的纳米材料;改色前后珍珠的红外光谱分析及XRD分析对物理法改色珍珠机理是由于微量MnCO3在γ射线辐照下氧化成Mn2O3或MnO2所致的说法给予否定;由红外光谱测试结果可知物理法改色珍珠呈色机理与珍珠中有机物的辐照化学变化有关,并且物理法改色珍珠伴色的呈色机理与珍珠的文石纳米粒径效应亦无明显的相关性。 相似文献
12.
This work explores the potential of laser excited luminescence for the study of type and concentration of rare-earth (RE) luminescence centres in CaF2. A comparison with X-ray excited luminescence is made. The luminescence spectra of several natural and synthetic samples are obtained at low and room temperatures using different Ar+ and Kr+ laser lines for excitation. Tentative assignment of the luminescent lines to different RE2+ and RE3+ ions is made. The excitation is shown to take place predominantly through the emission of one phonon. The possibilities for concentration measurements of luminescent centres are discussed. 相似文献
13.
随着金珍珠饰品的流行,市场上出现越来越多的颜色处理过的金珍珠。天然颜色的金珍珠与染色金珍珠的价格相差甚远,故金珍珠的颜色检测显得尤为重要。目前,紫外一可见光谱仪（Uv-Vis）被认为是有效鉴别金珍珠颜色的测试手段之一,但在检测工作中,当利用紫外一可见光谱仪判定某些金珍珠是否染色时,发现其结论存在一定的争议性。前人的研究显示,在紫外一可见光谱中出现350-360nm处的吸收峰为天然色素的吸收所致,410-450nm出现明显吸收峰归因于有机染料所致。在实际工作中,笔者发现一些金珍珠样品不同部位的紫外一可见光谱不一样,有时测试结果还与显微镜下的特征相矛盾。因此,笔者初步分析了金珍珠的颜色成因,探讨了紫外一可见光谱仪在检测金珍珠时存在的局限性。 相似文献
14.
表面张力是固体表面重要的物理化学参数之一,其大小与温度和界面两相物质的性质有关。基于Young方程的推导,使用接触角测量法计算固体表面张力已被广泛应用于表面科学和工程领域。宝玉石材料大多具有光洁的表面,在接触角测量的准确性方面较其他表面不均一的固体材料具有明显的技术优势。本文运用现代仪器(FTA200动态接触角测量仪)测量了15个天然和合成宝玉石品种(钻石、合成碳硅石、合成立方氧化锆、碧玺、托帕石、翡翠、琥珀等),以及经覆膜和充填2种处理方法的宝玉石样品(镀膜钻石、覆膜托帕石、覆膜翡翠、覆膜琥珀、充填碧玺)的表面接触角,并运用公式计算其表面张力。测试数据表明,不同品种宝玉石的接触角数值存在差异,如钻石的接触角值为56.68°,其仿制品立方氧化锆的接触角值为37.79°;覆膜处理与未经覆膜处理的天然宝玉石的接触角数值差异明显,如琥珀的接触角值为92.49°,覆膜琥珀的接触角值为66.49°;充填处理宝玉石接触角的测试由于控制液滴的大小受条件限制操作难度较大,测试结果不能准确表达为裂隙中充填物的接触角数值,故充填处理的宝石不宜采用此方法进行区分。研究表明,对于部分宝玉石品种和覆膜处理宝玉石,其表面接触角及表面张力数值差异显著,可以作为宝玉石品种的辅助鉴定依据;尤其是运用接触角的差异对于宝玉石鉴定具有较好的判别性,能够对不同品种的天然宝玉石与表面覆膜的宝玉石样品进行有效区分。与常规宝石检测方法(如红外光谱、折射率测量方法)对比,接触角测量方法具有测量准确、操作简便,不破坏样品的特点,符合宝玉石无损鉴定的基本原则,且能够安全快速地测量高折射率宝石,可以解决宝玉石表面覆膜等与表面物性相关的检测疑难问题。 相似文献
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Trapping and emission centres in X-irradiated natural zircon. characterization by thermoluminescence
In this paper, by the systematic compilation of results obtained with a series of natural zircons of various origins, we show that the thermoluminescence (TL) of natural zircons is characterized by two main peaks at 155±4 and 378±7 K. Other peaks are observed at 97±1, 219±3, 240±3, 267±6, 301±6, 343±5, 458±10, 518±4, and 556±7 K. Three kinds of emission are principally observed: 1) a 380–400 nm band; 2) a series of maxima located at 480, 580, 662 and 760 nm; 3) a 285 nm band. The comparison of these results with those obtained under similar conditions from synthetic zircons permits us to extend the interpretation of mechanisms involved in synthetic zircon TL to trapping and emission centres of natural zircons. In particular, we show that the three emissions above are due to 1) a host lattice mechanism, 2) Dy3+, 3) OH? groups, respectively. 相似文献
16.
Lutz Nasdala Ronald Miletich Katja Ruschel Tamás Váczi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(10):597-602
Pressure-induced changes of Raman band parameters of four natural, gem-quality zircon samples with different degrees of self-irradiation
damage, and synthetic ZrSiO4 without radiation damage, have been studied under hydrostatic compression in a diamond anvil cell up to ~10 GPa. Radiation-damaged
zircon shows similar up-shifts of internal SiO4 stretching modes at elevated pressures as non-damaged ZrSiO4. Only minor changes of band-widths were observed in all cases. This makes it possible to estimate the degree of radiation
damage from the width of the ν3(SiO4) band of zircon inclusions in situ, almost independent from potential “fossilized pressures” or compressive strain acting
on the inclusions. An application is the non-destructive analysis of gemstones such as corundum or spinel: broadened Raman
bands are a reliable indicator of self-irradiation damage in zircon inclusions, whose presence allows one to exclude artificial
color enhancement by high-temperature treatment of the specimen. 相似文献
17.
Aierken Sidike Keyoumu Niyazi Heng-Jiang Zhu K. Atobe N. Yamashita 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(3):119-126
The photoluminescence (PL) spectra, excitation spectra, and PL decay curves of natural, heat-treated, and γ-ray-irradiated
thenardites from Ai-Ding Salt Lake, Xinjiang, China, were studied. The natural thenardite under 300 nm excitation showed milk-white
luminescence, and the PL spectrum consisted of an extremely broad band with a peak located at approximately 509 nm, spreading
over a wide range of UV and visible wavelengths. The excitation spectra, obtained by monitoring the luminescence at 530 nm,
consisted of a broad band with a peak located at approximately 235 nm and a flat band spreading over a wide range of UV and
visible wavelengths. The PL decay curve of natural thenardite consisted of a fast-decay component with a lifetime of less
than 0.1 μs and a slow-decay component with a half-decay time of approximately 0.4 s. The heat treatment of thenardite at
900°C for 20 min reduced the luminescence efficiency to 1/100. The γ-ray irradiation of thenardite reduced the luminescence
efficiency to approximately half. 相似文献
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苏鲁超高压变质带中国大陆科学钻探主孔(CCSD-MH)榴辉岩中发现金刚石 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
苏鲁榴辉岩中除了早前发现的一粒金刚石外,最近又发现了6粒,它们具有基本相似的外形和大小,但其晶体结构与普通自然界金刚石和人工合成金刚石存在一定差别.金刚石具有异常X-射线衍射峰以及有磁铁矿的包裹体等特征,表明可以排除这些金刚石是人造或被外来样品混染的可能性.金刚石的再发现,证实苏鲁榴辉岩的形成压力可以达到4GPa以上,并且为大别和苏鲁两个超高压变质带的对比提供了一个重要标志.金刚石的异常晶胞参数和X-Ray异常峰的出现有可能与超高压变质作用有关,但需要实验岩石学研究证实. 相似文献
20.
Emma Tomlinson Isabel De Schrijver Adrian P. Jones Frank Vanhaecke 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(19):4719-4732
Trace element compositions of submicroscopic inclusions in both the core and the coat of five coated diamonds from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire) have been analyzed by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Mass Plasma Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Both the diamond core and coat inclusions show a general 2-4-fold enrichment in incompatible elements relative to major elements. This level of enrichment is unlikely to be explained by the entrapment of silicate mantle minerals (olivine, garnet, clinopyroxene, phlogopite) alone and thus submicroscopic fluid or glass inclusions are inferred in both the diamond coat and in the gem quality diamond core. The diamond core fluids have elevated High Field Strength Element (Ti, Ta, Zr, Nb) concentrations and are enriched in U relative to inclusions in the diamond coats and relative to chondrite. The core fluids are also moderately enriched in LILE (Ba, Sr, K). Therefore, we suggest that the diamond cores contain inclusions of silicate melt. However, the Ni content and Ni/Fe ratio of the trapped fluid are very high for a silicate melt in equilibrium with mantle minerals; high Ni and Co concentrations in the diamond cores are attributed to the presence of a sulfide phase coexisting with silicate melt in the diamond core inclusions. Inclusions in the diamond coat are enriched in LILE (U, Ba, Sr, K) and La over the diamond core fluids and to chondrite. The coats have incompatible element ratios similar to natural carbonatite (coat fluid: Na/Ba ≈0.66, La/Ta≈130). The coat fluid is also moderately enriched in HFSE (Ta, Nb, Zr) when normalized to chondritic Al. LILE and La enrichment is related to the presence of a carbonatitic fluid in the diamond coat inclusions, which is mixed with a HFSE-rich hydrous silicate fluid similar to that in the core. The composition of the coat fluid is consistent with a genetic link to group 1 kimberlite. 相似文献