共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
圆形标志已广泛应用于近景摄影测量,但由于影像平面与目标平面不能完全平行,所以圆形标志的数字影像一般为椭圆。如果圆形标志点较大,以至于圆形标志中心与其椭圆构像中心的偏差不可忽略。故本文从摄影测量共线条件方程式出发,采用一种基于最小二乘的椭圆拟合算法,推导出偏差计算公式,本文的真正目的在于分析偏差分布规律及偏差间的关系,尽可能降低偏差的影响。 相似文献
2.
当目标面与像片平面不平行时,圆形标志的像将为椭圆,椭圆的中心与标志中心的像存在偏差。当标志较大时,此偏差将显著影响求解的精度。揭示了偏差的方向性,导出了求解偏差的方程,给出了偏差的解算步骤 相似文献
3.
深度图像的表示是实现三维目标识别、配准等工作的前提。针对地面三维激光扫描得到的点云数据,提出一种基于投影变换的深度图像生成算法。采用投影变换将三维点沿观察坐标系的法向量投影到观察平面上,使投影向量和观察平面垂直,这样观察点和观察平面间的距离就不会影响物体的投影大小和形状,有效避免了"失真"现象的发生。利用灰度图像生成深度图像,使用方案对地面激光扫描系统获取的建筑物实验数据进行具体处理。结果表明,文中基于投影变换的图像生成方法更能直观地反映建筑物表面的几何分布特征,为后续特征的提取奠定基础。 相似文献
4.
利用有理函数模型替代严格传感器模型已经成为当前高分辨率遥感影像通用的数据标准.对于附加有理函数模型系数的线阵CCD遥感影像,提出了一种利用反解有理函数模型实现倾斜像片与水平像片转换方法.其主要原理同传统框幅式倾斜影像与水平影像的转换相似:将倾斜像片上像点投影到物方水平面上;然后在物方水平面上根据原始倾斜像片的地面采样间... 相似文献
5.
Increased use of digital imagery has facilitated the opportunity to use features, in addition to points, in photogrammetric applications. Straight lines are often present in object space, and prior research has focused on incorporating straight–line constraints into bundle adjustment for frame imagery. In the research reported in this paper, object–space straight lines are used in a bundle adjustment with self–calibration. The perspective projection of straight lines in the object space produces straight lines in the image space in the absence of distortions. Any deviations from straightness in the image space are attributed to various distortion sources, such as radial and decentric lens distortions. Before incorporating straight lines into a bundle adjustment with self–calibration, the representation and perspective transformation of straight lines between image space and object space should be addressed. In this investigation, images of straight lines are represented as a sequence of points along the image line. Also, two points along the object–space straight line are used to represent that line. The perspective relationship between image– and object–space lines is incorporated in a mathematical constraint. The underlying principle in this constraint is that the vector from the perspective centre to an image point on a straight–line feature lies on the plane defined by the perspective centre and the two object points defining the straight line. This constraint has been embedded in a software application for bundle adjustment with self–calibration that can incorporate point as well as straight–line features. Experiments with simulated and real data have proved the feasibility and the efficiency of the algorithm proposed. 相似文献
6.
地面三维激光扫描是获取对象表面几何信息的主要方法之一,扫描对象的完整性是三维激光扫描数据获取的基本要求。为解决实际扫描过程中,因作业空间受限等原因引起的扫描死角而导致点云缺失的问题,本文根据平面镜反射光线原理提出了针对非直视区域的普通平面镜辅助激光扫描数据的获取方法。分析了普通平面镜对激光光束传播路径与距离的影响机理,推导了激光扫描经普通平面镜反射像点对应的物点坐标解算方程;顾及激光扫描特性,设计了包含球标靶和普通平面镜的镜面反射系统,阐述了系统构建、系统检校与系统坐标系构建方法;并通过试验验证了本方法的可行性和精度。 相似文献
7.
超大视场太阳敏感器图像质心提取算法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
太阳图像质心提取是利用太阳敏感器进行天文导航的关键技术之一,直接决定了太阳敏感器的观测精度。针对超大视场太阳敏感器非圆形太阳图像质心提取问题,首先提出像面椭圆拟合算法,较好地解决了椭圆及近似椭圆形太阳图像的质心提取问题,然后进一步提出了球面圆拟合算法。该算法根据相机的投影和畸变模型,将太阳图像的边缘点映射到物方空间,对物方空间的边缘点进行球面圆拟合,从而确定太阳质心位置。在估计球面圆拟合算法的精度时,需要将太阳质心位置映射回像面。理论上,球面圆拟合算法不再需要顾及太阳图像的形状,算法更为严谨。将椭圆拟合算法和球面圆拟合算法应用到实测的太阳图像质心提取中。结果表明,椭圆拟合算法更适合处理半视场角70°~80.3°的太阳图像,平均精度约为0.075pixels;球面圆拟合算法更适合处理半视场角大于80.3°的太阳图像,平均精度约为0.082pixels。 相似文献
8.
9.
摘要：针对常用的空洞边界提取方法在噪声干扰和投影单值方面的缺点,提出一种能克服投影重叠问题而适用于多值曲面修复的空洞边界自动提取方法。首先求出散乱点云的K近邻,利用推进式逐层求解法ALS将各近邻域点投影至平面;然后在平面内进行网格划分及提取边界网格,在此基础上应用最小凸包法提取边界线;最后,进行空洞边界与物体本身边界的识别,为了验证其有效性,将该方法应用于后续的空洞填充及曲面重构中,并用测量采样点到所建曲面模型的最大距离和平均距离为定量评价指标进行精度分析及评价。试验结果表明,采用ALS以及最小凸包法能够保留特征和避免投影重叠,所提取的空洞边界精确,能够满足后续建模的需要。 相似文献
10.
基于二维直接线性变换的数字相机畸变模型的建立 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
提出并论证了基于二维直接线性变换的畸变的校正方法。本方法特别适用于各类固态摄像机(CCD、CID、PSD)的畸变模型的建立，以补偿各类像点系统误差。 相似文献
11.
Automatic Surface Reconstruction Based on the Fusion of Fuzzy Logic and Robust Estimation Techniques
Farhad Samadzadegan Ali Azizi Caro Lucas & Michael Hahn 《The Photogrammetric Record》2002,17(100):651-674
Automatic surface reconstruction by means of digital image matching essentially involves computation in both image and object spaces. In image space, image matching is performed according to certain radiometric and geometric similarity criteria for conjugate point determination. The matching operations may therefore be regarded as decision–making processes. In practice, however, the similarity criteria for conjugate point determination demonstrate non–deterministic behaviour. Thus, the nature of these decision–making processes is more compatible with fuzzy reasoning concepts. In object space, on the other hand, surface reconstruction procedures, which operate on the basis of previously determined conjugate points, are essentially deterministic in nature and hence demand rigorous geometric modelling. In this paper, a new approach for automatic surface modelling is proposed, based on two different mathematical treatments: a fuzzy logic reasoning method for the conjugate point determination in image space; and a robust finite elements approach for the surface modelling in object space. Tests carried out on real data demonstrate the high potential of the strategy proposed. 相似文献
12.
Bundle triangulation is an efficient tool for spatial point determination in architectural photogrammetry. All the information available in image and object space may be introduced in a combined adjustment yielding high precision and reliability. Camera calibration performed simultaneously with the object restitution process enables the application of convenient and flexible imaging systems based on professional photographic technology. Thus the survey of monuments can be carried out rapidly with a minimum of personnel and equipment. The photogrammetric recording of the basilica of San Francesco in Siena is presented as an example of the application of this survey procedure. The field work was accomplished in a few days. The equipment used consisted of a partial metric camera, an engineering theodolite and a tape. The bundle adjustment results gave spatial object co-ordinates with a r.m.s.e. of ± 15 mm for a point. 相似文献
13.
以三角网和贴面纹理影像为精细地面模型的数据构成,以亚m级TDI CCD(time delay and iintegration charge coupled devices)立体测绘相机为仿真对象进行成像仿真。通过建立每个像元的"视线目标索引"判断目标对相机和太阳的可见视性,进而生成阴影。将TDI CCD焦平面细分成很多子CCD,同时将积分时间细分,计算"连续焦面辐照度影像"并实现静态MTF仿真,然后得到"时间平均静态影像"。实现了多级积分条件下的霰粒噪声仿真和TDI CCD多级动态积分成像的仿真。推导了相机安装角和光学节点从平台坐标系到物方坐标系的转换公式,结合姿态参数和CCD畸变参数,实现了任意侧摆角度和相机安装角度的成像仿真。 相似文献
14.
电力线三维重建是直升机激光雷达（light detection and ranging,LiDAR）电力巡线的一项重要内容。提出了两种基于直升机LiDAR点云的电力线三维重建模型,包括直线段与悬链线段相结合的模型（简称为"模型一"）、直线段与抛物线段相结合的模型（简称为"模型二"）。其中,直线段位于xy平面,悬链线段和抛物线段位于过直线段的铅垂面。模型的创新之处在于两者均使用了电力线LiDAR点水平坐标进一步投影到xy平面上相应的拟合直线产生的比例因子作为悬链线、抛物线方程的参数。使用6个有代表性的实验数据、4个评价指标对6种重建模型（已有的4种和上述提出的两种）的性能进行评价和对比。实验结果表明,模型二具有最高的重建效率和最高的重建精度。另外,实验结果进一步说明铅垂面及铅垂面上投影模型的选择、误差因素的考虑等3个因素对重建模型性能有着显著影响。 相似文献
15.
3D reconstruction of traffic signs is of great interest in many applications such as image-based localization and navigation. In order to reflect the reality, the reconstruction process should meet both accuracy and precision. In order to reach such a valid reconstruction from calibrated multi-view images, accurate and precise extraction of signs in every individual view is a must. This paper presents first an automatic pipeline for identifying and extracting the silhouette of signs in every individual image. Then, a multi-view constrained 3D reconstruction algorithm provides an optimum 3D silhouette for the detected signs. The first step called detection, tackles with a color-based segmentation to generate ROIs (Region of Interests) in image. The shape of every ROI is estimated by fitting an ellipse, a quadrilateral or a triangle to edge points. A ROI is rejected if none of the three shapes can be fitted sufficiently precisely. Thanks to the estimated shape the remained candidates ROIs are rectified to remove the perspective distortion and then matched with a set of reference signs using textural information. Poor matches are rejected and the types of remained ones are identified. The output of the detection algorithm is a set of identified road signs whose silhouette in image plane is represented by and ellipse, a quadrilateral or a triangle. The 3D reconstruction process is based on a hypothesis generation and verification. Hypotheses are generated by a stereo matching approach taking into account epipolar geometry and also the similarity of the categories. The hypotheses that are plausibly correspond to the same 3D road sign are identified and grouped during this process. Finally, all the hypotheses of the same group are merged to generate a unique 3D road sign by a multi-view algorithm integrating a priori knowledges about 3D shape of road signs as constraints. The algorithm is assessed on real and synthetic images and reached and average accuracy of 3.5cm for position and 4.5° for orientation. 相似文献
16.
17.
基于全景影像的街景立面管理中,需要跳转至距离目标面最近且尽量正对目标面的全景影像,但常规的全景影像跳转方法并不能满足这一需求,为解决该难题,本文提出了一种新的全景影像探面及跳转方法。基于全景影像的景深图,计算目标点的世界坐标及该点与邻近点组成面片的平均法向,实现全景影像中的探面;从目标点出发,沿平均法向搜索出视点中心与该射线垂直距离最近的全景影像;切换至目标影像,并根据目标点在目标影像中的方位进行视角旋转。在重庆市实际项目中的成功应用及实例分析结果均表明,本文方法能够满足立面管控需求,更好地切换至正对目标立面的邻近全景影像,应用效果较常规跳转方法有较大提升。 相似文献
18.
为了提升圆扫描式机载激光测深系统的定位精度,提出了一种检校思路:在平面区域获取激光点云时,系统误差和随机误差使得本应共面的激光点云不再共面,通过将激光点云拟合到单个平面上达到纠正点云位置的目的。首先推导了简单模式下圆扫描式机载激光测深系统定位模型,并从直线与平面交会的数学原理出发模拟激光光线与海面的交会过程,根据折射原理解算激光光线在水中的方向矢量,联合激光光线在水中的直线方程和海底面数学方程解算激光脚点的位置。然后,引入未知数先验方差,推导了参数加权最小二乘平差模型,为后面检校模型的解算奠定基础。最后,推导了用于检校的平差数学模型和详细的计算过程,对检校过程进行了模拟计算和分析讨论,得出了一些有益于检校过程的结论。 相似文献
19.
Hierarchical approaches for automated photogrammetric surface measurement invariably employ image pyramids and image matching at multiple resolutions. Such an approach is also applicable in industrial photogrammetry where projected light patterns are used to provide texture on an otherwise texture-free surface. This paper describes a novel strategy for hierarchical surface measurement in which projected non-repeating target patterns are employed, rather than the lower-resolution levels of an image pyramid. Thus, although the final derived digital surface model is obtained by image matching, preliminary surface models which support the matching are obtained using the non-repeating patterns. These projected patterns allow a simplification of the triangulation phase since they offer the potential of a fast and unambiguous solution to the image point correspondence problem. Following an introduction to the non-repeating pattern strategy, integration of the approach into a multi-camera vision metrology system is described and some experimental measurements are summarized 相似文献