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城区LiDAR点云数据的树木提取 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
机载激光扫描(LiDAR)可以快速获取地球数字表面模型.提出一种适合复杂城市环境的机载激光扫描数据提取树木的算法:首先对DDAR数据滤波生成DTM,提取地物点;然后对地物点进行区域增长运算,使用面积阚值滤出大的区域;再计算出LiDAR数据点的梯度值,根据梯度阈值分离出树木点;最后结合梯度阈值分割和区域增长分割的结果实现树木点的最终提取.实验结果表明,使用新算法在城区环境中能从LiDAR数据中较好地提取出树木,城区树木提取率达到85.4%,提取正确率为86.1%. 相似文献
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针对车载LiDAR点云数据处理复杂、时间长的问题,本文以地物不同特征值作为建筑物自动提取算法的依据,通过点云数据预处理、聚类分析等一系列流程最终实现一般建筑物点云的自动提取.通过两个实验区点云数据的提取与相应的实际地物进行精度分析对比,结果表明本文算法对实例测区环境下的不同建筑物点云提取具有较好的有效性,满足数字城市三... 相似文献
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针对车载LiDAR数据构建格网,提取行道树点云并分割树干点云,首先以格网为单位,进行滤波处理提取非地面点云;再对提取的点云进行降噪处理;然后基于格网对处理后的点云块进行聚类,依据行道树与其他地物的形态以及投影等差异从聚类单元中提取行道树,并对相连树进行分割;最后针对提取的单株行道树依据分层投影的原理,分割行道树树干点云与树冠点云.采用一段车载LiDAR数据进行算法实验并与人工提取方式对比验证算法提取的有效性与准确性. 相似文献
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车载激光雷达(Light Detection and Ranging, LiDAR)是一种具有良好城市植被垂直探测能力的技术。本文提出了一种基于车载LiDAR点云数据的城区树木三维信息自动提取方法,经实际测量验证,该方法具有高精度、低误差的优点。 相似文献
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针对车载激光雷达(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)点云数据的不完整性问题,提出一种车载LiDAR点云数据分割以及基于分割后点云数据的半自动化建模方法。首先对点云数据进行标准格式转换及稀化;然后以不同地物的属性和几何特征为分割条件,分别建立道路、建筑物、树和路灯等附属设施的三维模型,并利用车载以及航空图像的纹理信息辅助建筑物的立面和顶面三维建模;最后以真实街景为实验区,基于拓普康IP-S2车载LiDAR点云数据,完成该街景的分割与建模。实验结果表明,该文提出的点云数据分割与街景地物重建方法比较简单,可实现道路和建筑物的半自动化分割;利用成熟的建模软件和方法,实现了建模的完整性和较强的可靠性。 相似文献
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车载LiDAR点云数据中杆状地物自动提取与分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《测绘学报》2020,(6)
针对城市道路场景中车载LiDAR点云数据质量差、各类地物相互遮掩的情况,提出杆状地物自动提取与分类算法。先通过改进数学形态学算法移除点云数据中的地面点,再根据杆状地物的形态特征,使用纵向格网模板初步提取杆状地物,然后对提取的疑似杆状地物进行点云数据规则化并通过统计分析移除噪声点,最后根据预先建立的杆状地物样本训练SVM分类模型,对提取的杆状地物进行分类。试验表明,本文方法能够在数据质量欠佳的情况下有效提取城市道路场景中的杆状地物,并对提取的杆状地物进行高精度分类。 相似文献
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车载移动激光扫描技术大比例尺测图技术分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于精度问题,车载移动激光扫描技术用于区域大比例尺地形图测绘尚处于探索阶段。本文重点研究了提高该项技术用于大比例尺测图的外业精度质量控制方法和技术实现方法,得到了一套完善的精度控制方案和技术实现方案。最后以北京平谷一段浅山区1∶500地形图测绘任务为例,证明本文的研究突破了新技术在局部区域大比例尺地形图中应用的局限,降低了外业劳动强度,加快了测图速度,为车载LiDAR技术的进一步推广和使用提供参照。 相似文献
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Full-waveform topographic LiDAR data provide more detailed information about objects along the path of a laser pulse than discrete-return (echo) topographic LiDAR data. Full-waveform topographic LiDAR data consist of a succession of cross-section profiles of landscapes and each waveform can be decomposed into a sum of echoes. The echo number reveals critical information in classifying land cover types. Most land covers contain one echo, whereas topographic LiDAR data in trees and roof edges contained multi-echo waveform features. To identify land-cover types, waveform-based classifier was integrated single-echo and multi-echo classifiers for point cloud classification.The experimental area was the Namasha district of Southern Taiwan, and the land-cover objects were categorized as roads, trees (canopy), grass (grass and crop), bare (bare ground), and buildings (buildings and roof edges). Waveform features were analyzed with respect to the single- and multi-echo laser-path samples, and the critical waveform features were selected according to the Bhattacharyya distance. Next, waveform-based classifiers were performed using support vector machine (SVM) with the local, spatial features of waveform topographic LiDAR information, and optical image information. Results showed that by using fused waveform and optical information, the waveform-based classifiers achieved the highest overall accuracy in identifying land-cover point clouds among the models, especially when compared to an echo-based classifier. 相似文献
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Mapping forest structure variables provides important information for the estimation of forest biomass, carbon stocks, pasture suitability or for wildfire risk prevention and control. The optimization of the prediction models of these variables requires an adequate stratification of the forest landscape in order to create specific models for each structural type or strata. This paper aims to propose and validate the use of an object-oriented classification methodology based on low-density LiDAR data (0.5 m?2) available at national level, WorldView-2 and Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery to categorize Mediterranean forests in generic structural types. After preprocessing the data sets, the area was segmented using a multiresolution algorithm, features describing 3D vertical structure were extracted from LiDAR data and spectral and texture features from satellite images. Objects were classified after feature selection in the following structural classes: grasslands, shrubs, forest (without shrubs), mixed forest (trees and shrubs) and dense young forest. Four classification algorithms (C4.5 decision trees, random forest, k-nearest neighbour and support vector machine) were evaluated using cross-validation techniques. The results show that the integration of low-density LiDAR and multispectral imagery provide a set of complementary features that improve the results (90.75% overall accuracy), and the object-oriented classification techniques are efficient for stratification of Mediterranean forest areas in structural- and fuel-related categories. Further work will be focused on the creation and validation of a different prediction model adapted to the various strata. 相似文献
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对移动车载激光测量LandMark系统获取的路面激光点云数据进行研究,结合激光点云的回波反射率、扫描角,以及量测距离等特征信息与道路标线的属性信息,提出了一种基于车载激光点云的道路标线自动识别与提取算法。从点云中提取道路标线,采用最小二乘线性最优拟合算法对提取的标线点云进行拟合,生成道路标线的CAD轮廓线,实现道路标线的自动化识别。以移动车载LandMark系统的Sick激光扫描仪获取的路面激光点云为例进行实验,实验结果表明该方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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There are now a wide range of techniques that can be combined for image analysis. These include the use of object-based classifications rather than pixel-based classifiers, the use of LiDAR to determine vegetation height and vertical structure, as well terrain variables such as topographic wetness index and slope that can be calculated using GIS. This research investigates the benefits of combining these techniques to identify individual tree species. A QuickBird image and low point density LiDAR data for a coastal region in New Zealand was used to examine the possibility of mapping Pohutukawa trees which are regarded as an iconic tree in New Zealand. The study area included a mix of buildings and vegetation types. After image and LiDAR preparation, single tree objects were identified using a range of techniques including: a threshold of above ground height to eliminate ground based objects; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and elevation difference between the first and last return of LiDAR data to distinguish vegetation from buildings; geometric information to separate clusters of trees from single trees, and treetop identification and region growing techniques to separate tree clusters into single tree crowns. Important feature variables were identified using Random Forest, and the Support Vector Machine provided the classification. The combined techniques using LiDAR and spectral data produced an overall accuracy of 85.4% (Kappa 80.6%). Classification using just the spectral data produced an overall accuracy of 75.8% (Kappa 67.8%). The research findings demonstrate how the combining of LiDAR and spectral data improves classification for Pohutukawa trees. 相似文献
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Wei Yao Stefan Hinz Uwe Stilla 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(3):260-271
Airborne LiDAR data are characterized by involving not only rich spatial but also temporal information. It is possible to extract vehicles with motion artifacts from single-pass airborne LiDAR data, based on which the motion state and velocity of vehicles can be identified and derived. In this paper, a complete strategy for urban traffic analysis using airborne LiDAR data is presented. An adaptive 3D segmentation method is presented to facilitate the task of vehicle extraction. The method features an ability to detect local arbitrary modes at multi scales, thereby making it particularly appropriate for partitioning complex point cloud data. Vehicle objects are then extracted by a binary classification using object-based features. Furthermore, the motion analysis for extracted vehicles is performed to distinguish between moving and stationary ones. Finally, the velocity is estimated for moving vehicles. The applicability and efficiency of the presented strategy is demonstrated and evaluated on three ALS datasets acquired for the propose of city mapping, where up to 87% of vehicles have been extracted and up to 83% of moving traffic can be recovered together with reasonable velocity estimates. It can be concluded that airborne LiDAR data can provide value-added products for traffic monitoring applications, including vehicle counts, location and velocity, along with traditional products such as building models, DEMs and vegetation models. 相似文献
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激光雷达在森林参数反演中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
激光雷达是近年来国际上发展十分迅速的主动遥感技术,在森林参数的定量测量和反演上取得了成功的应用。在林业上,高采样密度激光雷达能够获取单株木3维结构特征,采用不同的数据处理方法,可以得到不同精度的单株木参数。利用激光雷达测量森林参数不仅节省了人力,还提高了工作效率,现在已经成为快速获取树木几何参数的一种有效方法。文中主要介绍了LiDAR工作原理、类型及特点、影响LiDAR数据质量的因素、国内外LiDAR的发展状况及应用领域,重点介绍了国内外利用LiDAR数据反演森林参数(树高、郁闭度、冠幅、林分密度、断面积和蓄积量等)的方法和研究进展,同时对今后LiDAR在森林参数反演方面的研究作了展望。 相似文献
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Automatic Registration Between Low-Altitude LiDAR Point Clouds and Aerial Images Using Road Features
Peipei He Xinjing Wang Youchuan Wan Jingzhong Xu Wei Yang 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(12):1963-1973
Among the many means of acquiring surface information, low-altitude light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicle LiDAR, UAV-LiDAR) have become an important approach to accessing geospatial information. Considering the lower level of hardware technology in low-altitude LiDAR systems compared to that in airborne LiDAR, and the greater flexibility in-flight, registration procedures must be first performed to facilitate the fusion of laser point data and aerial images. The corner points and edges of buildings are frequently used for the automatic registration of aerial imagery with LiDAR data. Although aerial images and LiDAR data provide powerful support for building detection, adaptive edge detection for all types of building shapes is difficult. To deal with the weakness of building edge detection and reduce matching-related computation, the study presents a novel automatic registration method for aerial images, with LiDAR data, on the basis of main-road information in urban areas. Firstly, vector road centerlines are extracted from raw LiDAR data and then projected onto related aerial images with the use of coarse exterior orientation parameters (EOPs). Secondly, the corresponding image road features of each LiDAR vector road are determined using an improved total rectangle-matching approach. Finally, the endpoints of the conjugate road features obtained from the LiDAR data and aerial images are used as ground control points in space resection adjustment to refine the EOPs; an iterative strategy is used to obtain optimal matching results. Experimental results using road features verify the feasibility, robustness and accuracy of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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基于单一传感器的同时定位与地图构建技术已经逐渐不能满足移动机器人、无人机及自动驾驶车辆等智能移动载体日益复杂的应用场景。为了进一步提升移动载体在复杂环境下的定位与建图性能,基于多传感器融合的SLAM技术成为目前研究的热点内容。本文提出了一种基于图优化的紧耦合双目视觉/惯性/激光雷达SLAM方法(S-VIL SLAM),该方法在视觉惯性系统中引入激光雷达原始观测,基于滑动窗口实现了IMU量测、视觉特征及激光点云特征的多源数据联合非线性优化。利用视觉与激光雷达的互补特性设计了视觉增强的激光雷达闭环优化算法,进一步提升了多源融合SLAM系统的全局定位与建图精度。为了验证本文算法的性能,利用自主搭建的集成多传感器的硬件采集平台在室外场景下进行了车载试验。试验结果表明,本文提出的紧耦合双目视觉/惯性/激光雷达里程计相比于紧耦合双目视觉惯性里程计和激光雷达里程计定位定姿性能显著提升,视觉增强的激光雷达闭环优化算法能够在大尺度场景下有效探测出轨迹中的闭环信息,并实现高精度的全局位姿图优化,经过闭环优化的点云地图具有良好的分辨率和全局一致性。 相似文献
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Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) collects dense 3D topographic information in the form of points. LiDAR data can be displayed either through direct rendering of the point cloud or by generalizing features extracted through classification or segmentation. We are working in the domain of visualizing LiDAR data sets and have developed certain pipelines for visualization. These pipelines have been presented elsewhere. We present a technique for the evaluation of visualization schemes for LiDAR data, by conducting a visualization experience survey for 13 pre-processing and visualization schemes where 60 participants rated these schemes on a 10 point scale on a questionnaire. The paper establishes a ranking for the different visualization schemes described herein. Finally, this paper establishes that our heuristic-based algorithm (presented elsewhere) performs almost equal to a classification-based visualization pipeline made using professional software. We believe that the presented technique can be used to assess other geospatial visualization schemes. 相似文献