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《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):139-162
Digital elevation models (DEMs) resulting from LIDAR (light detection and ranging) surveys are now more available in the hydrology and hydraulics (H&H) community, not only for hydraulic applications in small areas close to river networks but also for hydrologic applications in whole basins. Several questions arise when trying to combine LIDAR data and hydrologic models. Despite the long processing time, LIDAR-derived DEMs can provide more accurate information that is useful for basin hydrogeomorphic characterization, in comparison with DEMs at resolutions commonly used in hydrologic applications (cell size 20-30 m). Of particular focus here are river network properties and the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) framework. Two case studies, one in Italy and the other in the USA, are presented in which three DEMs are analyzed with differing resolutions as follows: "standard," i.e., a resolution commonly used in hydrologic applications (cell size 20-30 m), LIDAR (cell size 1-2.5 m), and LIDAR-resampled at the same resolution as the "standard" DEM. Results suggest that the higher spatial resolution LIDAR-derived data are preferable and can introduce more detailed information about basin hydrogeomorphic behavior. 相似文献
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LIDAR集激光测距技术、计算机技术、IMU/DGPS技术于一体,是一种崭新的革命性的测量工具,在三维空间信息的实时获取方面产生了重大突破.LIDAR具有自动化程度高、受天气影响小、数据生产周期短、测量精度高等特点,有传统摄影测量和地面常规测量技术无法取代的优越性,为获取高时空分辨率地球空间信息提供了一种全新的技术手段.本文将分析LDAR的技术系统,并以江苏沿海滩涂为例研究LIDAR技术在海岛礁、滩涂测绘中的应用. 相似文献
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Discriminating laser scanner data points belonging to ground from points above-ground (vegetation or buildings) is a key issue in research. Methods for filtering points into ground and non-ground classes have been widely studied mostly on datasets derived from airborne laser scanners, less so for terrestrial laser scanners. Recent developments in terrestrial laser sensors (longer ranges, faster acquisition and multiple return echoes) has aroused greater interest for surface modelling applications. The downside of TLS is that a typical dataset has high variability in point density, with evident side-effects on processing methods and CPU-time. In this work we use a scan dataset from a sensor which returns multiple target echoes, in this case providing more than 70 million points on our study site. The area presents low, medium and high vegetation, undergrowth with varying density, as well as bare ground with varying morphology (i.e. very steep slopes as well as flat areas). We test an integrated work-flow for defining a terrain and surface model (DTM and DSM) and successively for extracting information on vegetation density and height distribution on such a complex environment. Attention was given to efficiency and speed of processing. The method consists on a first step which subsets the original points to define ground candidates by taking into account the ordinal return number and the amplitude. A custom progressive morphological filter (opening operation) is applied next, on ground candidate points using a multidimensional grid to account for the fallout in point density as a function of distance from scanner. Vegetation density mapping over the area is then estimated using a weighted ratio of point counts in the tri-dimensional space over each cell. The overall result is a pipeline for processing TLS points clouds with minimal user interaction, producing a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM), a vegetation density map and a derived Canopy Height Model (CHM). These products are of high importance for many applications ranging from forestry to hydrology and geomorphology. 相似文献
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基于激光雷达波形数据的点云生产 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
随着数据存储能力和处理速度的提高,小光斑机载激光雷达系统现在已经可以通过数字化采样来存储整个反射波形,而不仅仅是由系统提取出来的3维坐标(即离散点云).分析波形数据最重要的优点之一是可以在后处理过程中让使用者自己来提取3维坐标.一般的分解方法基于波形的局部最大值和波形的重心,或者有设备厂商提供的简单阈值法,无法获得高精度的分解结果.本文使用改进的EM脉冲检测算法来得到回波脉冲的位置和宽度,并能得到高质量的点云数据,为DSM(Digital Surface Model)和DTM(Digital Terrain Model)生产提供优质数据源. 相似文献
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利用3维成像仪快速生成遥感地学编码图像 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
机载３维成像仪是集成了ＧＰＳ、姿态测量装置、扫描激光测距仪和扫描光谱成像仪的 一代航空遥感系统,它能利用飞行所获取的原始数据直接生成数字正射影像图,而无需任何地面控制点,本文首先简要介绍了机载３维成像仪系统的基本原理,然后在计算出扫描激光要样点３维坐标的基础上,着重分析了快速生成遥感地学编码影像的算法,包括利用激光测路点坐标精确纠正原始图像,图像的灰度快速内插和各航带间的全自动无终拼接等算法,经过试验研究,该方法切实可行,可以满足种种上实时,准实时的遥感应用要求。 相似文献
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提出一种利用铅垂线轨迹法及高程结构信息约束的星载激光测高仪光斑内定位方法。在星载激光测高仪辅助立体摄影测量体制下，以激光回波中包含的高精度高程结构信息作为约束条件，在足印光斑内，配合立体图像匹配生成的数字高程模型，选取定位候选点，并通过铅垂线轨迹法优化定位候选点高程值，消除立体图像定位误差引起的高程误差，获取符合高程结构约束的一系列位置的三维坐标。试验结果表明，该方法能够实现大光斑星载激光测高仪足印内的定位，高程定位精度为0.16 m，平面定位精度与立体图像一致。 相似文献
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资源三号02星激光测高精度分析与验证 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
资源三号02星搭载了我国首台对地观测的卫星激光测高试验性载荷,对该载荷的精度进行了理论分析,并采用多个区域进行了实际精度验证,同时对其在航天测绘中的应用进行了试验。资源三号02星激光测高仪在平坦地区(坡度≤2°)的理论高程精度为0.85m、平面精度14.2m。试验表明,资源三号02星激光测高仪获得的有效测高数据约占23.89%,检校场区域其高程精度为0.89m,平面精度为14.76m;华北地区高精度DSM地形数据验证其高程精度为1.09m,内陆渤海海面上的激光高程精度为0.47m。将激光足印点作为高程控制点时,在陕西渭南试验区能将资源三号02星立体影像无地面控制的高程精度从11.54m提高到1.90m。虽然资源三号02星激光测高仪为试验性载荷,但试验结果证实国产卫星激光测高数据能有效提高立体影像无地面控制的高程精度,在全球测图工程中具有推广应用价值,建议后续立体测图卫星搭载业务化应用的激光测高仪。 相似文献
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Marina Bisson Claudia Spinetti Marco Neri Alessandro Bonforte 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(7):710-732
High-resolution digital topography is essential for land management and planning in any type of territory as well as the reproduction of the Earth surface in a geocoded digital format that allows several Digital Earth applications. In a volcanic environment, Digital Elevation Models are a valid reference for multi-temporal analyses aimed to observe frequent changes of a volcano edifice and for the relative detailed morphological and structural analyses. For the first time, a DTM (Digital Terrain Model) and a DSM (Digital Surface Model) covering the entire Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) derived from the same airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) are here presented. More than 250 million 3D LiDAR points have been processed to distinguish ground elements from natural and anthropic features. The end product is the highly accurate representation of Mt. Etna landscape (DSM) and ground topography (DTM) dated 2005. Both models have a high spatial resolution of 2?m and cover an area of 620?km2. The DTM has been validated by GPS ground control points. The vertical accuracy has been evaluated, resulting in a root-mean-square-error of ±?0.24?m. The DTM is available as electronic supplement and represents a valid support for various scientific studies. 相似文献
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LIDAR技术在电力线路工程中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LIDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)技术是集激光测距、航空摄影、差分GPS、惯性导航系统(INS)等多种测量技术的新型测量系统。本文对LIDAR技术的原理、构成、作业模式进行了一些介绍,概述了其在电力线路工程中的应用。 相似文献
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基于机载激光雷达点云数据提取林木参数方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过黑河流域遥感—地面观测同步试验,获取林木参数,对机载激光雷达与实地观测获取的林木参数进行对比分析,论证了本文提出的基于机载激光雷达点云数据提取林木参数的算法是可行的。试验通过机载激光雷达点云数据,研究由点云数据生成冠层高度模型(CHM),提出从CHM中提取单株木参数(树高、冠幅等)的关键算法;同时,通过在试验区布设1个100m×100m超级样地和16个25m×25m的子样地,利用DGPS和全站仪对单株木进行精确定位与树木参数测量。 相似文献
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The determination of the local gravity field from sensors mounted in a fixed wing aircraft has long been a dream of geodesists
and geophysicists. The progress in sensor technology during the last decade has brought its realization within reach and recent
tests indicate that results at the level of a fewmGal are possible. To assess different sensor configurations and their effect on the resolution of the gravity field spectrum,
a state model for motion in the gravity field of the earth is formulated. The resulting set of differential equations can
accommodate first and second order gravity gradients, specific force, kinematic acceleration, vehicle velocity and position
as input. It offers therefore a rather general framework for gravity field determination from a variety of kinematic sensors,
such as gravity meters, gravity gradiometers, inertial systems, differentialGPS, laser altimeters and others. The derivation of the basic kinematic model and its linearization are given in detail, while
sensor error models are discussed in a generic way. A few remarks on the modelling of gravity gradiometer measurements conclude
the paper. 相似文献
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Pece V. Gorsevski Paul E. Gessler 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(2):184-192
Flexible and cost-effective tools for rapid image acquisition and natural resource mapping are needed by land managers. This paper describes the hardware and software architecture of a low-cost system that can be deployed on a light aircraft for rapid data acquisition. The Hyperspectral and Multispectral Cameras for Airborne Mapping (HAMCAM) was designed and developed in the Geospatial Laboratory for Environmental Dynamics at the University of Idaho as a student-learning tool, and to enhance the existing curriculum currently offered. The system integrates a hyperspectral sensor with four multispectral cameras, an Inertial Navigation System (INS), a Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)-capable Global Positioning System (GPS), a data acquisition computer, and custom software for running the sensors in a variety of different modes. The outputs include very high resolution imagery obtained in four adjustable visible and near-infrared bands from the multispectral imager. The hyperspectral sensor acquires 240 spectral bands along 2.7 nm intervals within the 445–900 nm range. The INS provides aircraft pitch, roll and yaw information for rapid geo-registration of the imagery. This paper will discuss the challenges associated with the development of the system and the integration of components and software for implementation of this system for natural resource management applications. In addition, sample imagery acquired by the sensor will be presented. 相似文献
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Assessment of long-range kinematic GPS positioning errors by comparison with airborne laser altimetry and satellite altimetry 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Long-range airborne laser altimetry and laser scanning (LIDAR) or airborne gravity surveys in, for example, polar or oceanic
areas require airborne kinematic GPS baselines of many hundreds of kilometers in length. In such instances, with the complications
of ionospheric biases, it can be a real challenge for traditional differential kinematic GPS software to obtain reasonable
solutions. In this paper, we will describe attempts to validate an implementation of the precise point positioning (PPP) technique
on an aircraft without the use of a local GPS reference station. We will compare PPP solutions with other conventional GPS
solutions, as well as with independent data by comparison of airborne laser data with “ground truth” heights. The comparisons
involve two flights: A July 5, 2003, airborne laser flight line across the North Atlantic from Iceland to Scotland, and a
May 24, 2004, flight in an area of the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland, near-coincident in time and space with the ICESat
satellite laser altimeter. Both of these flights were more than 800 km long. Comparisons between different GPS methods and
four different software packages do not suggest a clear preference for any one, with the heights generally showing decimeter-level
agreement. For the comparison with the independent ICESat- and LIDAR-derived “ground truth” of ocean or sea-ice heights, the
statistics of comparison show a typical fit of around 10 cm RMS in the North Atlantic, and 30 cm in the sea-ice region north
of Greenland. Part of the latter 30 cm error is likely due to errors in the airborne LIDAR measurement and calibration, as
well as errors in the “ground truth” ocean surfaces due to drifting sea-ice. Nevertheless, the potential of the PPP method
for generating 10 cm level kinematic height positioning over long baselines is illustrated. 相似文献