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1.
Based on investigation of more than 170 samples taken from natural outcrops of the Maikop Formation (Oligocene–Lower Miocene) in eastern Azerbaijan, the genetic hydrocarbon potential and the organic matter (OM) maturity of these rocks were estimated. In the study region, sedimentary rocks of this formation were deposited under reductive or weakly oxidative conditions. Possessing a relatively high (1.9%, on the average) content of organic matter of a mixed (continental–marine) OM, these rocks are able to generate both liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons under favorable conditions. Contributions of both the continental and marine components to the total organic carbon (TOC) varied in time and space. The upper and lower subformations of the Maikop Formation differ in the qualitative and quantitative compositions of OM. Oligocene rocks have a relatively lower OM content and are characterized by better oil-generating properties, as compared to lower Miocene rocks. 相似文献
2.
The Maikop Formation, deposited in eastern Azerbaijan during Oligocene and Early Miocene times, contains prolific source rocks with primarily Type II organic matter. Paleontological analyses of dinoflagellate cysts revealed a Lower to Upper Oligocene age for the investigated succession near Angeharan. A major contribution of aquatic organisms (diatoms, green algae, dinoflagellates, chrysophyte algae) and minor inputs from macrophytes and land plants to organic matter accumulation is indicated by n-alkane distribution patterns, composition of steroids and δ13C of hydrocarbon biomarkers. Microbial communities included heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, chemoautotrophic bacteria, as well as green sulfur bacteria. Higher inputs of terrigenous organic matter occurred during deposition of the Upper Oligocene units of the Maikop Formation from Angeharan mountains. The terpenoid hydrocarbon composition argues for angiosperm dominated vegetation in the Shamakhy–Gobustan area.High primary bioproductivity resulted in a stratified water column and the accumulation of organic matter rich sediments in the Lower Oligocene units of the Maikop Formation. Organic carbon accumulation during this period occurred in a permanently (salinity-) stratified, mesohaline environment with free H2S in the water column. This is indicated by low pristane/phytane ratios of all sediments (varying from 0.37–0.69), lower methylated-(trimethyltridecyl)chromans ratio in the lower units and their higher contents of aryl isoprenoids and highly branched isoprenoid thiophenes. Subsequently, the depositional environment changed to normal marine conditions with oxygen deficient bottom water. The retreat of the chemocline towards the sediment–water interface and enhanced oxic respiration of OM during deposition of the Upper Oligocene Maikop sediments is proposed.Parallel depth trends in δ13C of total OM, n-alkanes, isoprenoids and steranes argue for changes in the regional carbon cycle, associated with the changing environmental conditions. Increased remineralisation of OM in a more oxygenated water column is suggested to result in low TOC and hydrocarbon contents, as well as 15N enriched total nitrogen of the Upper Oligocene units. 相似文献
3.
E. V. Kozlova N. P. Fadeeva G. A. Kalmykov N. S. Balushkina N. V. Pronina E. N. Poludetkina O. V. Kostenko A. Yu. Yurchenko R. S. Borisov A. Yu. Bychkov A. G. Kalmykov R. A. Khamidullin E. D. Strel’tsov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2015,70(6):409-418
The international interest in shale oil has recently provoked special attention to the Russian unconventional oil-source formations, including the Bazhenov Formation of West Siberia, domanik deposits in the Volga–Ural region, and the lower Maikop Group of the Cis-Caucasus. High contents of para-autochthonous soluble organic matter (bitumen) in clayey–carbonate, clayey–siliceous, carbonate–clayey–siliceous rocks with low filtration–capacity properties results in significant uncertainties in the identification of the generation potential of organic matter (OM). Examination of a large database on the OM of the Bazhenov Formation allowed us to propose an optimum complex technique for study of the source rock potential and assessment of the amount of produced hydrocarbons in the kerogen-rich sediments. The investigations include a combination of Rock Eval pyrolysis prior to and after extraction with different solvents, the comparison of bituminological and pyrolytic characteristics, and the determination of the group composition of soluble organic matter, as well as chromatography and chromato-mass spectrometry. 相似文献
4.
I. S. Patina 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2017,25(3):333-341
The paper reports on the structure of the Oligocene–Lower Miocene Maikop complex of the Caspian Sea and its margin on the basis of seismic and geological data. It is shown that the regional structure of Maikop deposits of Ciscaucasia and the Middle Caspian is characterized by large clinoform sedimentary bodies. New data on formation, structure, and occurrence of clinoforms in Maikop deposits are generalized for the researched region. Two main systems of clinoforms were defined in the Maikop complex: the single large cone located in the Middle Caspian and Eastern Ciscaucasia and the southeastern system of clinoforms located in the area of Kazakh Bay. Structural characteristics and sedimentogenesis of a clinoform formation are revealed using seismic and sequence stratigraphic methods. 相似文献
5.
The composite section of upper Maikop sediments compiled for the central part of the Eastern Paratethys is presented. The
section (more than 1000 m) comprises the Karadzhalgan, Sakaraulian, and Kotsakhurian regional stages. The lower boundary of
the Miocene drawn at the base of the Karadzhalgan regional stage is unambiguous only in the southern part of the central Ciscaucasia.
In most areas of the Ciscaucasia, this boundary is drawn arbitrarily because of uniform lithology in the Oligocene-Miocene
boundary interval and poor paleontological substantiation. Generally, the Maikop sequence is insufficiently studied and incomplete
in many areas because of a discordant upper boundary of the Maikop Group. Nevertheless, materials presented in the paper characterize
for the first time the composition and structure of the Lower Miocene sequence over a vast area of the Eastern Paratethys.
The horizonwise reconstruction of Early Miocene basins has made it possible to reveal the major features of final stages in
the formation of the Maikop clayey sequence. 相似文献
6.
南堡凹陷古近系层序地层格架中烃源岩分布与生烃特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
南堡凹陷油气资源丰富,古近系主要分布有沙三段、沙一段和东三段三套有效烃源岩。在层序地层学研究的基础上,应用有机地球化学、有机岩石学和沉积有机相等研究手段和方法对东三段、沙一段和沙三段不同层序和同一层序不同体系域中烃源岩特征进行综合研究。结果表明,南堡地区烃源岩非均质性特征明显,烃源岩生烃的层位主要分布于SQ9、SQ5~SQ8、SQ2和SQ1的湖扩展体系域和早期高位体系域,SQ2为优质烃源岩段。造成这种非均质性的主要原因是不同体系域的沉积特征,这影响着烃源岩有机质类型和保存条件。 相似文献
7.
摘要：用热解色谱（Ｒｏｃｋ－Ｅｖａｌ）对２个褐煤样、３个气煤样的２８个分离组分进行了研究,揭示了不同密度镜质组组分之间生烃潜力具有较大的差异性;镜质组不仅可以作为重要的生气母质,而且还可以作为重要的生油母质。 相似文献
8.
9.
通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜对东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩的成烃生物进行了研究。结果显示，研究区沙河街组的成烃生物发育，种类繁多，主要包括沟鞭藻、绿藻、蓝藻、颗石藻等。发育于东濮凹陷北部咸水区的成烃生物优势组合是沟鞭藻、蓝藻、颗石藻，且三者均可形成藻纹层；南部淡水区的成烃生物优势组合是绿藻及高等植物，发育于块状泥岩之中。对分别取于咸水区和淡水区的两个样品进行了热模拟实验，实验结果显示，北部咸水区的蓝藻和颗石藻的生烃潜力高，生油门限低，在低熟阶段即可大量生油，生成低熟油的控制因素是蓝藻的勃发；沟鞭藻和绿藻类的生油门限较高，其中沟鞭藻由于能大量勃发，是重要的成烃生物；南部淡水区的绿藻类较沟鞭藻类生烃潜力更低，生油门限更高。 相似文献
10.
通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜对东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩的成烃生物进行了研究。结果显示,研究区沙河街组的成烃生物发育,种类繁多,主要包括沟鞭藻、绿藻、蓝藻、颗石藻等。发育于东濮凹陷北部咸水区的成烃生物优势组合是沟鞭藻、蓝藻、颗石藻,且三者均可形成藻纹层;南部淡水区的成烃生物优势组合是绿藻及高等植物,发育于块状泥岩之中。对分别取于咸水区和淡水区的两个样品进行了热模拟实验,实验结果显示,北部咸水区的蓝藻和颗石藻的生烃潜力高,生油门限低,在低熟阶段即可大量生油,生成低熟油的控制因素是蓝藻的勃发;沟鞭藻和绿藻类的生油门限较高,其中沟鞭藻由于能大量勃发,是重要的成烃生物;南部淡水区的绿藻类较沟鞭藻类生烃潜力更低,生油门限更高。 相似文献
11.
为解决六盘山盆地白垩系马东山组生烃潜力不明、烃源岩演化不清等问题,依据岩心有机地球化学分析测试数据,对宁固参1井烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型、成熟度进行了研究,评价了马东山组烃源岩的生烃潜力。结果表明：马东山组烃源岩有机质丰度中等—低,类型主要为Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型,热演化程度处于低成熟—成熟阶段,以生油为主。该研究结果对六盘山盆地的烃源岩地球化学特征、生烃潜力评价、预测油气有利区具有指导作用。 相似文献
12.
OILFIELDWATER,WHICHEXISTSCONCOMITANTLYWITH OILORGASINSUBSURFACERESERVOIRS,ISAKINDOFIMPOR TANTCOMPONENTOFRESERVOIRFLUIDANDALSOISADRIVING FORCEANDCARRIERFORHYDROCARBONMIGRATION,ACCUMULA TIONANDHYDROCARBONRESERVOIRFORMATION.OILFIELDWA TER,HYDROCARBONANDRESER… 相似文献
13.
Tectonic and climate control of oil shale deposition in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (Songliao Basin, NE China) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Jianliang Jia Zhaojun Liu Achim Bechtel Susanne A. I. Strobl Pingchang Sun 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(6):1717-1734
Oil shales were deposited in the Songliao Basin (NE China) during the Upper Cretaceous period, representing excellent hydrocarbon source rocks. High organic matter (OM) contents, a predominance of type-I kerogen, and a low maturity of OM in the oil shales are indicated by bulk geochemical parameters and biomarker data. A major contribution of aquatic organisms and minor inputs from terrigenous land plants to OM input are indicated by n-alkane distribution patterns, composition of steroids, and organic macerals. Strongly reducing bottom water conditions during the deposition of the oil shale sequences are indicated by low pristane/phytane ratios, high C14-aryl-isoprenoid contents, homohopane distribution patterns, and high V/Ni ratios. Enhanced salinity stratification with mesosaline and alkaline bottom waters during deposition of the oil shales are indicated by high gammacerane index values, low MTTC ratios, high β-carotene contents, low TOC/S ratios, and high Sr/Ba ratios. The stratified water column with anoxic conditions in the bottom water enhanced preservation of OM. Moderate input of detrital minerals during the deposition of the oil shale sequences is reflected by titanium concentrations. In this study, environmental conditions in the paleo-lake leading to OM accumulation in the sediments are related to sequence stratigraphy governed by climate and tectonics. The first Member of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in the Songliao Basin, containing the oil shale sequence, encompasses a third-order sequence that can be divided into three system tracts (transgressive system tract—TST, highstand system tract—HST, and regressive system tract—RST). Enrichment of OM changed from low values during TST-I to high-moderate values during TST-II/III and HST-I/II. Low OM enrichment occurs during RST-I and RST-II. Therefore, the highest enrichment of OM in the sediments is related to stages of mid-late TST and early HST. 相似文献
14.
利用东海盆地长江坳陷古新统美人峰组烃源岩的元素、热解、干酪根δ13C、镜质体反射率、岩石薄片、X射线衍射等资料,对长江坳陷美人峰组不同层段烃源岩进行沉积环境分析及生烃潜力评价。研究结果表明:美人峰组烃源岩的沉积环境整体表现为温暖潮湿的弱氧化淡水环境,古盐度和古气候是控制美人峰组烃源岩发育的主要环境因素。美人峰组第一段和第二段沉积时期,气候温暖潮湿,有大量陆源有机质输入,水体盐度相对较高,有机质保存条件较好,有机质丰度高,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,含少量II型,有机质已进入低成熟—成熟演化阶段,是美人峰组最具生烃潜力的层段;第三段和第四段沉积时期,气候相对干热,陆源碎屑及有机质输入少于第一段和第二段,水体盐度较低,不利于有机质保存,有机质丰度较低,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,有机质以低成熟演化阶段为主,生烃潜力不大;第五段和第六段沉积时期,气候恢复为温湿状态,有机质丰度较第三段和第四段高,有机质类型为Ⅲ型,但有机质热演化程度低,处于未熟状态,为无效烃源岩。随着埋深增加,美人峰组烃源岩的有机质成熟度变高,具有更大的生烃潜力。 相似文献
15.
L. R. Distanova 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2007,62(3):184-189
The article is dedicated to multidisciplinary studies of organic matter (OM) in Eocene deposits. In the Ciscaucasia region, the mean content of organic carbon in the Kumian deposits is high. A decrease in quality is partly related to the approaching of the displacement source. In the investigated regions of Ciscaucasia and Crimea, hydrogen sulfide contamination of the water column in Eocene basins did not exist. Eocene carbon deposits are characterized by increased and high OM oil source potential. A sharp increase in primary biological production is likely to be related to endogenous processes. 相似文献
16.
A. S. Stolyarov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2001,36(2):141-155
This work presents the first integral characteristic of the VirgulinellaBed corresponding to the middle part of the Oligocene–Lower Miocene Maikop Group throughout its entire distribution area in the central part of the Eastern Paratethys. It considers lithology, structure, faunal assemblages, and formation settings of carbonate layers with Virgulinellaremains (VirgunellaBed) at the base of the Upper Oligocene clayey sequence that represents the well-expressed marker horizon. It deposited during a brief specific episode in the Oligocene basin development, some features of which remain still unclear. 相似文献
17.
18.
马朗凹陷低熟页岩油地球化学特征及成烃机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
勘探实践和研究表明,马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组源内油气为页岩油,该原油C29甾烷立体异构化参数w(20S)/w(20S+20R)、w(ββ)/w(αα+ββ)均为0.2~0.4,为典型低熟原油。通过对芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学和有机岩石学特征的综合研究,发现低熟页岩油的生烃母质为原生的富氢无定形体,这些无定形体在沉积早期经历过细菌的改造作用,致使其具有特殊的生烃演化模式,即低熟-成熟阶段早期（Ro为0.55%~0.75%）处于生油高峰,对应埋深为1 800~2 900 m,埋深大于或小于该主峰带,烃源岩生烃能力急剧降低。泥岩生烃模拟实验、热解、抽提等实验数据表明:芦草沟组低熟页岩油正是位于该主生带的源岩所生,处于生烃带的源岩区即为马朗凹陷低熟页岩油富集的有利地区。 相似文献
19.
洪水庄组页岩是燕辽裂陷带的主力烃源岩层,具有较好的生烃潜力,而辽西拗陷的洪水庄组研究相对薄弱,对烃源岩发育特征和生烃潜力等问题研究不够深入,制约了该区中—新元古界油气地质条件研究和勘探部署工作. 为揭示辽西拗陷洪水庄组烃源岩生烃潜力和油气保存条件,以辽西拗陷凌源地区辽凌地2井和3条剖面的洪水庄组样品为对象,进行了烃源岩地球化学特征分析研究. 结果表明：辽西拗陷凌源地区中元古界洪水庄组烃源岩有机质丰度较高,具有较好的生烃物质基础;有机质类型主要为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型,局部含Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型;等效镜质体反射率Ro分布在1.15%~2.26%,处于成熟—高成熟阶段,部分样品过成熟,综合评价为中到好烃源岩,生烃潜力较好. 凌源地区以洪水庄组为生油层,可构成2套完整的生储盖组合,且处于有利储集相带,显示出良好的油气勘探前景. 相似文献
20.
The composition, structure, and geochemical properties of the thickest, relatively deep-water Lower Miocene sediments developed in western Ciscaucasia are considered. Of particular interest are materials from the Kuban superdeep borehole SG-12000 that recovered the uppermost layers of the Maikop Group at 3148–3961 m in the central Indol-Kuban Trough west of Krasnodar. However, the borehole did not penetrate the whole Lower Miocene section of the Maikop Group. Therefore, characteristics of the Maikop Group are supplemented with new materials from several other boreholes drilled in the eastern Kuban region. Thus, the typical (reference) Lower Miocene section of central and western Ciscaucasia has been sufficiently well described. 相似文献