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1.
以京津冀地区为研究区域,利用散点斜率法、相对偏差、均方根误差和相关系数法,对研究区域内176个国家级雨量站2006-2015年的实测降水资料在不同时空尺度下检验了同期TRMM （Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission）卫星降水产品3B43 V7的适用性。结果表明：TRMM 3B43多年均降水量与站点实测降水时空分布规律一致,在不同时间尺度下具有良好的相关性,相关系数均在0.85以上,随时间尺度的增加精度有所降低;整体上TRMM 3B43降水数据略小于站点实测降水,在常年降水高值区域出现低估现象,季尺度上,夏季和冬季误差较大;就区域而言,TRMM 3B43在西北山地高原地区相对偏差和均方根误差均较小,相关系数基本在0.9以上,拟合精度较高,可信度较强。 相似文献
2.
在下垫面相对复杂,位于高原地带的贵州,利用19个气象站点实测数据分别从年、季度、月和天时间尺度对TRMM 3B42卫星降水数据进行精度检验,并讨论TRMM 3B42卫星对不同降水强度的探测能力,以此来分析其在贵州的适用性。结果表明,TRMM 3B42降水数据在年尺度上拟合优度较好(R=0.82)。研究区内19个站点年均相对误差为-2.39%,其中将近70%的站点数据表现TRMM 3B42降水量低于地面气象站点。月尺度上整体相关系数很好,R达到0.89。但是TRMM 3B42卫星数据对不同季节的探测能力存在差异,其中,冬季相关系数最低。在日尺度上TRMM 3B42降水数据与实际降水偏差大,对降水强度过大或过小的降水情况均不能准确地探测。对于单个站点而言,海拔较低的站点TRMM卫星探测出的降水与实测降水偏差小。 相似文献
3.
选择天山和祁连山区为典型区,利用台站降水数据验证以上两区多卫星降水数据(TRMM)精度的基础上,借助TRMM数据分析了所选山区年降水梯度效应,并探讨了天山及祁连山最大降水高度带.结果表明,多卫星降水数据在天山和祁连山区精度较高,天山及祁连山年降水量都明显受到海拔影响,降水随海拔升高而增加,但天山降水与海拔正相关关系最好,南、北和西坡相关系数分别为0.90、0.81和0.58,多年平均降水直减率分别为11.0mm/100 m、6.3 mm/100 m、7.4 mm/100 m,最大降水高度带则分别位于海拔2 200~3 500 m和3 200~3 700 m和3 000m左右;祁连山东、中、西段降水随海拔有增加趋势,但降水梯度效应在祁连山东段明显高于祁连山中西段地区,梯度效应由东向西呈现递减趋势,其最大降水带主要分布在东段4 000~4 500 m的高山带. 相似文献
4.
利用天山山区及周边31个国家基本站1998～2008年期间的逐月降水资料结合TRMM卫星月平均降水资料,使用卫星结合雨量计的降水估算方法,得到天山山区逐月降水空间分布,并运用交叉检验方法对降水估算精度评估,Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数在0.5以上,相关系数高达0.9以上。结果表明,TRMM卫星对西北山区的降水活动有一定的探测能力,能够较好的反映天山山区降水时空变化特征,为山区降水数据稀缺条件下的降水空间分布估算提供方法,为相关的水文、气象等研究提供数据支持。 相似文献
5.
基于气象站观测数据,利用探测率(POD)、报错率(FAR)、临界成功系数(CSI)和相关系数(R)、平均绝对误差(MAE)对TRMM 3B42V7、CMORPH、PERSIANN、PERSIANN-CDR遥感降水资料在青海湖流域及周边区域探测降水事件的准确度和记录降水量的精度进行了评价。结果表明,CMORPH数据探测的降水事件最为准确,PERSIANN-CDR和TRMM 3B42次之,PERSIANN探测降水事件的准确度最差。从遥感数据记录降水量精度来看,年尺度上表现为TRMMCMORPHPERSIANN-CDRPERSIANN,月尺度上表现为TRMMPERSIANN-CDRCMORPHPERSIANN,日尺度上表现为TRMM CMORPHPERSIANN-CDRPERSIANN。海拔是影响遥感降水资料精度的重要因素,PERSIANN和PERSIANN-CDR两种数据误差受海拔影响更为明显。通过综合评估4种遥感资料的适用性,认为TRMM是较适合于青海湖流域及周边区域的降水资料。 相似文献
6.
为评估TRMM 3B42（TRMM）和新一代GPM IMERG（GPM）卫星降水产品精度,基于国内824个气象站点日降水数据,选用相关系数（R）、相对误差（ER）和公正先兆评分（SET）等指标,对比分析了二者在中国大陆和九大流域内逐日、逐月尺度的观测精度。研究表明:①在日尺度上,中国大陆内的GPM降水数据精度整体优于TRMM,二者的R、ER和SET分别达到了0.73、2.03%、0.36和0.70、3.75%、0.33;②GPM和TRMM日降水数据在海河流域、淮河流域、长江流域、珠江流域、东南诸河流域呈现较高的观测精度,在松辽流域、黄河流域、西南诸河片区精度次之,在内陆河片区相对最低;③在月尺度上,中国大陆内的GPM冬季降水精度明显好于TRMM,这是由于GPM提高了对弱降水和固态降水的观测能力。总体上,GPM降水产品在中国各大流域精度较好且优于TRMM,表明其在流域降水研究及水文模拟中将有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
利用1999～2016年秦巴山区范围内的81个气象站实测逐日降水资料,对TRMM 3B42卫星降水数据在秦巴山区的适用性进行了评估。结果表明:TRMM 3B42数据在月、季、年尺度上具有较高的精度,3～11月精度较高,1月略低,四季中冬季精度较低。TRMM所反映的降水变化过程与实测降水过程基本一致,但在降水量上存在一定差异,TRMM有略微高估降水的特征。按不同雨量等级对比,发现卫星资料对中雨及以上级别的降水具有较高的精度,无雨及小雨精度略低,原因是TRMM对0.1～0.9mm微量降水的探测能力较弱。无雨、小雨、暴雨日TRMM估计与站点实测具有相反的年际变化趋势,中雨、大雨日具有相同的年际变化趋势。研究结果对秦巴山区资料缺乏地区的气象过程研究具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
8.
针对TRMM降水数据在中国内陆是否可靠的问题,本研究采用了Xie Pingping根据地面观测站点产生的降水数据、中国气象局公开的759个站点观测降水数据与3B42_V6版本的TRMM降水数据,在中国内陆将地面观测数据同TRMM数据进行了深入对比分析。发现TRMM降水质量受地形影响很大,迎风坡偏小背风坡与山顶偏大,TRMM降水在汛期(夏季与秋季)比站点观测降水大,枯季(冬季与春季)TRMM相对精确。所以本研究建议在对TRMM降水数据进行应用时应该进行地形矫正。 相似文献
9.
根据中国境内2 257个气象站点1998-2013年逐日降水资料,结合流域分区,采用探测准确性、相关系数以及相对误差等指标,对热带降水测量（TRMM）降水精度和一致性进行系统评价。结果表明:① TRMM日降水准确性从东南沿海向西北内陆递减;② 气象站点年均降水日数显著大于TRMM年均降水日数;③ 西北片区以外气象站点降水量和TRMM降水量在月尺度和年尺度上均具有较好的相关关系;④ 各流域年均TRMM面降水量均高于气象站点面降水量,且TRMM面降水量相对误差雨季较小,枯季较大;⑤ 各流域TRMM面降水量与气象站点面降水量演变趋势基本一致,南方各流域年降水量均呈减少趋势,北方各流域年降水量均呈增加趋势,全国尺度上年降水量呈微弱的减少趋势。 相似文献
10.
资料稀缺地区的面雨量估算是水文学研究中的热点和难点问题。遥感逐渐成为解决这一问题的重要手段。拟以天山及周边地区为典型区,利用TRMM降水资料,探讨其适用性。利用研究区2000~2010年TRMM数据与区域内21个气象站的站点观测数据进行对比分析,通过不同时间尺度(月、季、年)和空间尺度的差异对比分析表明,在时间尺度上,相关系数均在0.7以上;在空间尺度上,其相对误差大部分在-40%~40%之间;最后对二者进行多项式拟合,确定性系数均在0.7以上,达到了显著相关水平。表明TRMM降水数据在天山山区有很好的适用性。研究结果对干旱区无资料区的水文过程研究具有重要应用价值。 相似文献
11.
12.
Fluctuation of atmospheric precipitation in Europe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rudolf Brázdil Dr. 《GeoJournal》1992,27(3):275-291
The paper is concerned with an analysis of temporal and spatial structures of annual precipitation in Europe. Problems involving
the processing of precipitation series (homogeneity, systematic errors, areal averages) sare discussed. Long-term changes
in precipitation in Europe are described on the basis of series of areal annual sums of precipitation and their cyclic character
is analyzed. As a continuation of the paper by Lough et al. (1983) precipitations of the warmest and coldest 20-year periods
in the European part of the former USSR are compared. Expected changes in precipitation for a model of the global warming
of the Earth are discussed and estimates of precipitation in Europe for a doubling of CO2 using the GISS and GFDL models are presented. 相似文献
13.
The Merouane Chott, located in southeastern Algeria, is an ideal natural system for studying mineral dissolution and precipitation rates because it (1) undergoes annual cycles of filling and complete evaporation, and (2) has a simple, well defined hydrology. The major element concentrations of Merouane Chott lake waters were measured weekly from January to June 2003. These concentrations are used together with estimates of the Chott lake volume and infiltration rates to calculate the temporal evolution of the total mass of these major elements. Element precipitation rates are generated by dividing the first derivative of total mass of each element with respect to time by the Chott surface area. Mass balance considerations yield precipitation rate estimates for halite, calcite, and gypsum during the complete evaporation of the lake. These rates are compared with the saturation indexes of these minerals to deduce the degree to which they are consistent with laboratory measured rates available in the literature. 相似文献
14.
黄河源区年内降水集中, 洪水风险大, 重建源区雨季降水和汛期径流量对于提高径流预报预测精度及防洪防灾具有重要科学意义和应用价值。本文利用黄河源区及周边筛选的16个树轮年表, 采用嵌套主成分层次贝叶斯回归模型, 估算参数后验分布替代固定值以考虑不确定性, 重建了黄河源区过去1 160 a的雨季降水; 提出了基于年径流的分类占比回归模型, 以考虑汛期径流量与年径流量的一致性, 将黄河源区汛期径流量展延至公元159年。结果表明: ①嵌套主成分层次贝叶斯回归模型的误差缩减值(ER)和有效系数(EC)评价指标值均显著高于0, 分类占比回归模型的ER和EC值最高分别达0.90和0.88, 重建结果可靠性较高; ②即使在千年尺度下, 1979—1985年亦是较为不寻常的汛期高径流量时期。 相似文献
15.
Seasonal sensitivity characteristics (SSCs) were developed for Naradu, Shaune Garang, Gor Garang and Gara glaciers, Western Himalaya to quantify the changes in mean specific mass balance using monthly temperature and precipitation perturbations. The temperature sensitivities were observed high during summer (April–October) and precipitation sensitivities during winter months (November–March), respectively. The reconstructed mass balance correlates well with the field and remote sensing measurements, available between 1980 and 2014. Further, SSCs were used with the monthly mean temperatures and precipitation estimates of ERA 20CM ensemble climate reanalysis datasets to reconstruct the specific mass balance for a period of 110 years, between 1900 and 2010. Mass balance estimates suggest that the Shaune Garang, Gor-Garang and Gara glaciers have experienced both positive and negative mass balance, whereas the Naradu glacier has experienced only negative mass balance since 1900 AD. Further, a cumulative loss of \(-133 \pm 21.5\) m.w.e was estimated for four glaciers during the observation period. This study is the first record from Indian Himalaya in evaluating the mass balance characteristics over a century scale. 相似文献
16.
获取高精度高分辨率的降水数据对于流域水文分析、水资源管理及洪涝干旱监测等均具有重要意义。遥感技术虽然能有效再现降水的时空分布,但原始遥感降水资料无法满足水文领域对高精度高分辨率数据的需求,需要开展遥感降水资料的后处理研究。介绍获取降水资料的主要方法,包括雨量站观测、地面天气雷达估测以及气象卫星反演,讨论各方法的主要优势和当前存在的问题,在此基础上综述遥感降水资料的后处理方法研究进展,包括空间降尺度、偏差校正以及产品融合,并归纳后处理降水产品的评价指标,最后指出今后的研究重点:发展和改进降水估计技术;构建更为合理的多源降水数据融合框架;加强降尺度法对比研究,进一步改进和完善降尺度法;开展降水相关的不确定性分析。 相似文献
17.
Merouane Chott ephemeral lake is an ideal natural system for studying mineral dissolution and precipitation rates because (1) it undergoes annual cycles of filling and complete evaporation, and (2) it has a simple, well-defined hydrology. The major element concentrations of Merouane Chott lake waters have been measured weekly from January to June 2003. These concentrations are used together with estimates of the chott lake volume to calculate the temporal evolution of the total mass of these major elements. Dividing the first derivative of these masses with respect to time by the chott surface area yields precipitation rate estimates for halite, calcite, gypsum, and K–Mg salts during the complete evaporation of the lake. These rates are compared with the saturation indexes of these minerals to deduce the degree to which they are consistent with laboratory measured rates available in the literature. 相似文献
18.
Precipitation retrieval from space: An overview 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Catherine Prigent 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(4-5):380-389
During the last decade, satellite observations have allowed significant advances in quantifying precipitation, especially with the contribution of the TRMM mission. Observations at different wavelengths (visible, infrared, and microwaves), in both active and passive microwave modes, are analyzed, and eventually coupled to produce records of precipitation estimates over the globe, with up to hourly time sampling. This article provides an overview of the techniques, the results and the perspectives. 相似文献
19.
The effect of microorganisms on Fe precipitation rates at neutral pH in the field was examined. The studied area was a cave having Fe-stalactites composed mainly of ferrihydrite and associated microorganisms. The microorganisms were covered with ferrihydrite. Water associated with stalactites was slightly supersaturated with respect to ferrihydrite, and had a dissolved oxygen concentration of 2 ppm, a pH of 6, and an Fe concentration of approximately 14 ppm. Fe precipitation rates were estimated from decreases in Fe concentrations in water during flowing through the Fe-stalactites. The estimated Fe precipitation rate in the field ranges from 6.8×10−8 to 4.0×10−7 mol/l/s. These values are in good agreement with bulk estimates of Fe-stalactite growth rates derived from the length increase (1.3 cm) of one formation over 30 days. The estimated Fe precipitation rates are faster by about four orders of magnitude than expected inorganic precipitation rates. On-site Fe precipitation experiments with sterilized and unsterilized Fe-stalactites and without Fe-stalactites indicate that microorganisms are the controlling factor accelerating Fe precipitation rates at neutral pH. These results suggest that microbially accelerated Fe precipitation rates are more likely related to exopolysaccharides and microbial surface properties than metabolic precipitation mechanisms. 相似文献
20.
The trigger for the study presented in this paper was the extreme rain event of 1 November 2015 in Algarve region. The main objective was the analysis and improvement of the precipitation field using a radar–rain gauge merging method. Ordinary kriging with radar-based error correction has been applied to hourly values of precipitation from both sensors. The merging technique allowed keeping the better radar spatial pattern, being the respective estimates corrected by the rain gauges observations. The procedure led to a reduction in the errors of the precipitation estimates, evaluated by cross-validation, when compared to univariate interpolation of rain gauge observation or radar rain product. Finally, some discussion is also added on the problematic of flooding in urban areas, especially those with absent or deficient urban planning. 相似文献