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1.
Lucy Kaplan 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):217-227
Skills development for tourism has attracted only a limited scholarship in the developing world. In this paper the role of
skills development in advancing South Africa's tourism-led development strategy is investigated. Skills development has a
central role to play in ensuring the effective and sustainable transformation and development of the tourism industry in developing
countries and, in the case of South Africa, in ensuring that poorer South Africans begin to benefit from this industry. It
is argued that the current lack of an integrated and co-ordinated approach to tourism skills development seriously limits
the potential of skills development to impact positively on tourism transformation and development in South Africa.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Researching the South African tourism and development nexus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Under apartheid, tourism was essentially anti-developmental in focus and tourism research largely centred on the recreation
of white South Africans. Since the 1994 democratic transition tourism has become recognised as an increasingly important sector
for South Africa's economy and for achieving the government's goals for reconstruction and development. In this paper a review
and critical analysis is presented of the changing directions and foci of tourism scholarship in South Africa. It is shown
that South African scholars are beginning to respond to the challenges posed by tourism as a developmental focus.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Urban tourism and small tourism enterprise development in Johannesburg: The case of township tourism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christian M. Rogerson 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):249-257
Urban tourism is a focus of vibrant research in developed countries. In this paper the focus is upon an element of urban tourism
in a developing world city, viz., Johannesburg. Specific attention centers on an analysis of the role of small enterprise development in urban tourism. The
major issues surrounding the development of small tourism businesses in two of Johannesburg's former black townships, namely
Soweto and Alexandra, which are emerging as centers for so-termed ‘township tourism’ in South Africa, are investigated.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Gustav Visser 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):283-299
South Africa has recorded considerable growth in tourism activity over the past decade. In the light of the vast range of
economic sectors that gain from tourism development, the national government has instituted a range of incentives and initiatives
to stimulate tourism development, with the expansion of tourism infrastructure aimed at high-end tourists forming a key component
of this strategy. Little investment has, however, been made in tourism infrastructure targeting those markets that prefer
to avoid high-end tourism facilities. In this respect backpacker tourists and their preferred accommodation type, backpacker
hostels, are a case in point. Despite backpacker tourism being largely ignored in national tourism development initiatives,
backpacker tourism is increasingly popular in South Africa. This paper focuses on the recent proliferation of backpacker tourism
in this country and seeks to convey the results of the first nation-wide exploration in this regard. The paper has two main
objectives. Firstly, it seeks to present broad-ranging empirical data concerning this tourist cohort and their preferred accommodation
type- backpacker hostels — in the South African context. Secondly, it aims to demonstrate why backpacker tourists and hostels
hold much potential for local development initiatives in South Africa. In the light of the findings of this study, the paper
concludes that the expansion of backpacker tourism to this country might form an appropriate means by which to achieve a range
of local development objectives. 相似文献
5.
Harng Luh Sin 《Geoforum》2010,41(6):983-992
Existing studies have often suggested that volunteer tourism, with strong overtones of “social”, “justice” and “pro-poor” tourism, has the capacity to bring about positive impacts to local communities in host destinations. Wearing, for example, advocates volunteer tourism “as a development strategy leading to sustainable development and centering the convergence of natural resource qualities, locals and the visitors that all benefit from tourism activity” (Wearing, 2001: p. 12). Indeed, underlying assumptions in volunteer tourism suggest that it is a form of tourism that allows the empowering of locals in host-communities, and when compared to conventional modes of tourism, volunteer tourism allows cultural interaction and understanding to be developed between hosts and tourists in the longer period and more intimate form of contact. This, together with very direct and tangible outcomes of volunteer projects, appears to put in place a platform where locals and tourists both have the power to actively negotiate their identities and relations with each other.However, despite these deep-seated assumptions about the positive value in volunteer tourism, little empirical research has been conducted to assess the situation on the ground. Existing literature is largely centered on the volunteer tourist, with little works directly regarding the perspectives of host-communities. This places much uncertainty on whether the assumed benefits of volunteer tourism are indeed realized. Adopting a geographical approach, this paper begins with a review of existing discussions on the geographies of care and responsibility, and its intersections with literature on responsible tourism (of which volunteer tourism is often seen to be a part of). Opinions re-presented in this paper are based on interviews with 14 respondents in Cambodia (including local Cambodians, non-government organizations’ (NGO) and missionary workers that have previously hosted volunteer tourists in Cambodia. This paper thus explores both positive and negative opinions of volunteer tourism from the perspective of host-communities, and endeavors to contribute a balanced discussion to the limited literature regarding host-communities’ perspectives in tourism development. 相似文献
6.
Transforming the South African tourism industry: The emerging black-owned bed and breakfast economy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christian M. Rogerson 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):273-281
In South Africa the tourism industry has been targeted as one of the key sectoral drivers for economic development and transformation
of the country over the next two decades. A special feature of the South African tourism economy, which is a legacy of the
apartheid period, is that the overwhelming majority of tourism enterprises and of the tourism economy as a whole is under
the ownership of the white minority. With the post-apartheid transition, the national government recognizes that this unequal
ownership structure in tourism needs to be addressed through a programme of transformation and consolidated support for the
development of black owned tourism enterprises, especially of small tourism enterprises. The objective in this paper is to
examine the problems and challenges that face the transformation of South Africa's contemporary tourism economy by investigating
the development and constraints upon the country's emergent small black-owned accommodation sector in the form of bed and
breakfast establishments. 相似文献
7.
As fundamental as emotions may be in our experiences with wildlife, very little research addresses this topic. The following paper provides insight into the emotional responses of conservation volunteers participating on conservation holidays through four ethnographic case-studies. Six common emotional responses were identified: anguish, disappointment, frustration, exhilaration, awe and compassion. These emotional highs and lows shaped the volunteer experience, as the realities of wildlife conservation in South Africa upset the culturally constructed, emotionally appealing vision of African wilderness that the volunteers expected. While the positive emotions associated with idealised expectations of African wildlife provide an ideal basis upon which to commercialise nature conservation, they generate a series of tensions in practice. The paper makes an important empirical contribution to current debates surrounding the economic exploitation of affect, showing how emotions underpin the commercialisation of conservation, both through the configuration of the volunteers’ wildlife experiences and the scope of conservation that is practised. 相似文献
8.
Poverty tourism: theoretical reflections and empirical findings regarding an extraordinary form of tourism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Manfred Rolfes 《GeoJournal》2010,75(5):421-442
During the mid-1990s, a new form of tourism was established in metropolises of several developing countries or emerging nations. This type of tourism consists in visits to the most disadvantaged parts of the respective city. Poverty tours or slum tours
are offered on a relatively large scale in the South African cities of Johannesburg and Cape Town, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil,
as well as in Indian metropolises, to name some important examples. The target group of these tours consists primarily of
international tourists. It is estimated that 40,000 such tourists visit favelas in Rio de Janeiro each year, around 300,000
the townships in Cape Town. This contribution refers to and comments on these developments and insights regarding poverty
tourism or slumming, based on empirical research and experiences in South Africa, Brazil, and India. It will be shed light
on the phenomenon from an observational-theoretical perspective. It is aimed to open a discussion on the ways poverty tours
or slumming observes and simultaneously programmatically charges poverty. And, it will be considered in which way poverty
tourism is observed. 相似文献
9.
C. M. Rogerson Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,22(3):345-354
Sun International is a tourism multinational corporation (MNC) based in South Africa. The aim is to examine the formation and geographical spread of activities of this South African MNC engaged in casino-resort development and luxury tourism. Within the geographical literature on MNCs the study of Sun International underlines both the importance of country of origin as a factor in interpreting the heterogenous character of MNCs and of the distinctiveness of South African MNCs. The spatial scope of Sun International (including its ancestor, Southern Sun) operations was influenced by the enterprise's association with apartheid. Despite several efforts to mask its South African origin through restrictive corporate disclosure and corporate camouflage, planned international expansion was continually frustrated by the stigma of apartheid. Sun International was confined in its international operations to those African states which either were economic or political satellites of South Africa or to the group of independent Bantustans, which were creations of apartheid. 相似文献
10.
Gustav Visser 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):259-271
The paper aims to make a contribution towards addressing the current paucity of academic reflection on second home development
in South Africa. The paper focuses on the intersection between tourism, second homes and local development, as embodied in
the empirical realities of a Cape Town neighbourhood — De Waterkant. It is argued that this particular case study presents
an example of the types of local development impacts that second home expansion holds for host communities. These impacts
include employment generation, urban conservation, a range of forward and backward economic linkages, as well as a flexible
tourist accommodation supply. Moreover, the case study elucidates an interesting example of second homes as sites of simultaneous
tourism space production and consumption at work.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
安全是洞穴旅游的生命线,是洞穴旅游活动正常开展的前提和保障。国内外多数洞穴旅游安全事故多起因于旅游从业者和游客自身安全认知欠缺。由于洞穴旅游从业者直接面对游客,是洞穴旅游安全事故的“第一道防火墙”,因此,从洞穴旅游从业者的角度对洞穴旅游安全认知进行研究就显得尤为重要。本文对我国17个旅游洞穴从业者的旅游安全认知开展问卷调查,运用统计分析和灰色关联分析对洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知及其差异进行分析,得到以下结论:（1）我国洞穴旅游从业者的总体安全认知度较高;（2）我国洞穴旅游从业者安全管理认知存在一定差异;（3）不同属性的洞穴旅游从业者安全认知度存在一定差异;（4）不同洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知度存在一定差异。基于洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知,可采取如下措施提高洞穴旅游安全管理水平:加强对洞穴旅游从业者的安全教育培训,提高安全意识;提升洞穴旅游景区（点）的安全管理水平,增强执行力度;建立健全洞穴旅游安全控制、预警和救援制度,切实保障旅游。 相似文献
12.
Leistner G. M. E. 《GeoJournal》1981,2(2):85-93
It is widely held that the large majority of African countries are too small in terms of population and purchasing power to allow meaningful and rapid economic development to take place within the constraints of their domestic economies. Sub-regional groupings of states are called for in order to overcome the drawbacks of small size. Many attempt at establishing larger economic unions in Africa have failed. Particular interest therefore attaches to the southern African sub-region where South Africa, as the only industrial power south of the Sahara, functions as a powerhouse for neighbouring as well as more distant economies. The article provides a factual sketch of existing economic ties (infrastructure, trade, labour, tourism, finance and technology). Attention is paid to South Africa's efforts to create a constellation of states, and also to to the counter-measures of nine neighbouring states. 相似文献
13.
14.
地文旅游资源本质上是一种地学类旅游资源，它在自然旅游资源中占有重要位置，地文旅游资源的认定对区域旅游开发意义重大。地文旅游资源类型的划分，资源调查程序和方法的建立，均与地貌学、地质学、自然地理学有着密切的关系。本文从地貌学的角度对这一关联展开的一些讨论，有益于更好地理解地文旅游资源存在的学科基础。主要内容涉及地文的性质及其与地貌学的关系、地文旅游资源类型划分的地貌学基础、地文旅游资源认定的地貌学方法。 相似文献
15.
旅游地学对旅游业可持续发展之积极作用至少可在不断发现更新旅游资源和对旅游资源及其生态环境的监测和保护诸方面，有所作为。 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》2015
This paper presents a critical engagement with current initiatives for ethically-labeled goods in South Africa, thus offering an intervention in a literature on ethical consumption that has previously prioritized the global North. Through an interview-based methodology supported by focus groups in the Western Cape, the paper attends specifically to the strategies shaping recent forms of ethical consumption in South Africa on the part of business and civil society. Campaigns and strategies associated with three of the most prominent ethical labeling initiatives in South Africa—Proudly South African, Fairtrade Label South Africa and the Southern African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI)—are evaluated. Barnett et al.’s (2011: 90) notion of “mobilizing the ethical consumer” is brought into conversation with ethical consumption literature on local embeddedness in order to assess the ways in which the organizations responsible for these initiatives combine globalizing business and political networks of responsibility with local institutions and values in South Africa. The role played by the discursive construction of a growing South African ‘middle class’ is also acknowledged as part of the process of encouraging ethical consumption on the part of these actors. In conclusion, it is suggested that understanding ethical consumption in South Africa, as elsewhere, requires sensitivity to both transnational networks of globalizing responsibility and localized expressions of ethical consumption. 相似文献
17.
The movement of Antarctica with respect to South America has a number of implications for paleocirculation as well as for the reconstructions of Gondwanaland. Recent papers on the Southwest Indian Ridge have published new or revised poles of opening for Africa and Antarctica which can be combined with the poles of opening between South America and Africa to give resultant motions between South America and Antarctica.The first indication of a complete closure between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula is at anomaly 28 time (64 Ma) as the two continents are now configured. Between anomaly 28 time (64 Ma) and anomaly M0 time (119 Ma) the amount of closure does not change greatly, and the small computed overlap can be explained by minor uncertainties in the rotation poles used for the reconstructions or some slight extension between East and West Antarctica. By 135 Ma some rotation or translation of the Antarctic Peninsula with respect to East Antarctica must be postulated in addition to any presumed extension between East and West Antarctica in order to avoid an overlap of South America with the Antarctic Peninsula.Having determined what we feel to be a viable reconstruction of Western Gondwanaland and holding South America fixed, we rotated Africa and Antarctica, with respect to South America, for eight different times during the past. Africa moved away from South America in a more or less consistent manner throughout the time period, closure to present, while Antarctica moved away from Africa in a consistent manner only between 160 Ma and 64 Ma. At 64 Ma its motion changed abruptly: it slowed its north-south motion with respect to Africa and began slow east-west extension with respect to South America. This change supports the hypothesis that a major reorganization of the triple junction between Africa, Antarctica and South America occurred between 60 and 65 Ma. The triple junction changed from ridge-ridge-ridge to ridge-fault-fault at the time of the major westward jump of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge just south of the Falkland-Agulhas Fracture Zone.The Mesozoic opening of the Somali Basin moved Madagascar from its presumed original position with Africa in Gondwanaland. The closure of Sri Lanka with India produces a unique fit for India and Sri Lanka with respect to Africa, Madagascar and Antarctica. This fit juxtaposes geological localities in Southeast India against similar localities in Enderhy Land. East Antarctica. The late Jurassic opening in the Somali Basin is tied to opening of the same age in the Mozambique Basin. Since this late Jurassic movement represents the initial break-up of Gondwanaland, it is assumed that similar movement must have occurred in what is now the western Weddell Sea and may also explain the opening evidenced by the Rocas Verdes region of southern South America. 相似文献
18.
The natural environment plays an important role in adventure tourism. Specific environments are often necessary for certain types of adventure tourism and unique settings are seen to enhance the value of adventure tourism experiences. Given the importance of the environment in adventure tourism, the interplay between humans and the environment in this context should be given further attention. Although much research has examined the physical environmental impacts caused by specific activities considered adventure tourism, the impact of the environment on the behavior of adventure tourists has only briefly been touched upon. Environmental attitudes are said to be an indicator of environmentally conscious behavior. In the tourism context, however, conflicting results have been found as to whether or not environmental attitudes drive consumer behavior. Therefore, the manner in which environmental attitudes, using the New Environmental Paradigm scale, influence the motivations of participants in adventure tourism is investigated using the case of commercial adventure tourism in South Africa. The results show that the environmental attitudes of this group of tourists were relatively low and that the links between environmental attitudes and adventure tourism motivations are relatively weak. Therefore, the impact of general environmental attitudes on adventure tourist behavior is questionable. 相似文献
19.
本文对乡村旅游的市场特点,发展趋势和存在的问题进行了分析,提出了解决问题的对策。指出乡村旅游和文化旅游紧密结合是乡村旅游可持续发展的基本要求。提出依托优美的乡村自然环境、挖掘浓郁的地方特色（包括乡土文化和民族文化）、展现真实的乡村生活,是发展乡村旅游的基本条件,也是发展乡村旅游、开发乡村旅游产品的基本要求。 相似文献
20.
将旅游生态足迹引入区域旅游可持续发展评价,阐述旅游生态足迹的概念,构建旅游生态足迹模型,用于衡量旅游可持续发展能力。以陕西省作为研究对象,对旅游生态足迹模型在大尺度区域旅游业可持续发展定量测度中的运用进行实证研究,计算其1991年至2008年的旅游生态足迹。结果表明:陕西省出现了不同程度的旅游生态赤字和生态压力,平均存在0.033 1 hm2/人的旅游生态赤字,其旅游业处于不可持续发展状态。提出未来实现旅游业可持续发展应做到加强旅游文化内涵挖掘、大力发展生态旅游及特色旅游、充分发挥政府职能、完善法律法规等。 相似文献