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《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(1)
通过对海州湾的野外考察、4根潮滩沉积物钻孔岩芯(HZ01、HZ02、HZ03和HZ04)的获取和室内岩芯沉积物粒度分析,探讨海州湾潮滩岩芯沉积物粒度变化特征,并指示其环境意义。结果表明:海州湾潮间带上、中部岩芯沉积物以粉砂为主,粉砂含量高于80%,而潮间带下部岩芯沉积物以粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,粉砂含量均值在65%左右,砂含量均值在10%左右。垂向变化上,潮间带上部岩芯HZ01沉积物粒径表现为从下往上,呈现由细变粗的趋势,潮间带下部岩芯HZ03和HZ04由下往上整体上表现为由粗变细的过程。空间分布上表现为由潮间带下部-潮间带中上部-潮间带上部呈现为由粗-细的空间变化特征。岩芯HZ01沉积物从下往上由细变粗的变化规律可能与1950's临洪河北侧大规模的围垦改变潮滩动力过程有关。潮间带下部岩芯HZ03和HZ04由下往上由粗变细的变化规律可能与临洪河输运泥沙在河口附近不断淤积并向海推进导致潮滩海拔高程逐渐增加、水动力逐渐减弱有关。潮滩沉积物在潮滩面上的空间分布规律反映了潮流是主要的动力条件,表现由海向陆的逐渐减弱过程。同时,粒度的空间分布也指示了外海、岚山头运移物质、废黄河沉积物和临洪河泥沙是重要的泥沙来源。 相似文献
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充分描述沉积物需要沉积物的许多性质特征,其中任一种沉积物样品的砂—粉砂—黏土含量比例是固定不变的,因此根据砂—粉砂—黏土的组成来对沉积物分类是非常重要的。砂、粉砂和黏土都有一个沉积物中值粒径划分的固定标准,1/256mm是粉砂和黏土的划分界线,1/16mm是粉砂和砂的划分 相似文献
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沉积速率是认识潮滩沉积地貌环境变化的重要环境指标。长江口启东嘴潮滩位于长江北支沿江岸线和江苏沿海岸线的交汇处,是典型的粉砂淤泥质潮滩。对采集的岩芯沉积物QDZ-1进行了~(137)Cs同位素测年和粒度分析。结果表明岩芯沉积物以粉砂为主,从底部到表层表现为由粗变细的趋势,符合粉砂淤泥质潮滩的沉积特征。多年平均沉积速率在1963—1986年为2.61cm/a,在1963—2011年为1.82cm/a,在1986—2011年为1.10cm/a。基于此,对环境变化的意义进行了进一步解释。在深度172.5cm处砂含量突然增加,根据沉积速率估算,可能是长江流域1931年洪水等极端环境变化的影响。自从大规模引种互花米草后,保堤促淤效果显著,潮滩地貌由侵蚀转变为淤积,随着潮滩的逐渐淤高,由低潮滩转变为高潮滩,沉积速率呈现逐渐下降的趋势。 相似文献
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自七十年代末八十年代初,我国开始对太平洋西部和中部进行了海底沉积物孢粉分析并取得了一些成果.1983年5月我国在中太平洋北部进行了锰结核调查,在水深4000-5500米处采集了海底沉积物样品,本文是这些样品的孢粉分析结果.共计做了十二个表层样和一个柱状岩芯的二十八个样品,柱状岩芯长3.91米,样品的分离与处理基本上采用格里丘克法进行.表层沉积物取干样100克,柱状沉积物取干样50克,镉重液比重为2.2-2.3,样品加酸处理后,又加入分散剂偏磷酸钠(NaH_2PO_4),然后开始重液浮选离心.分析结果表明,调查区沉积物中含有孢粉,但含量不够丰富,不同类型沉积物中,孢粉含量差别较大. 相似文献
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根据莱州湾西南部207个表层沉积物样品的粒度分析结果,对莱州湾西南部沉积物粒度分布特征进行了研究,在此基础上应用系统聚类分析方法并结合物源及水动力条件探讨了其现代沉积环境分区。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物类型以粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂为主,分布范围最广的粉砂主要位于淄脉沟以北;沉积物平均粒径由近岸向莱州湾中部逐渐变细,从南向北呈现粗—细—粗的变化趋势;研究区现代沉积环境分为高能粉砂质砂粗粒沉积区、砂质粉砂过渡沉积区以及低能粉砂细粒沉积区,其水动力环境表现为波浪作用逐渐减弱,潮流作用逐渐增强,沉积物物源由近岸河流、岸滩侵蚀来沙为主变为以黄河悬浮—再悬浮物质为主。 相似文献
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在黄骅港北侧潮间带和浅海区,分别获得1个柱状样品(岩心长度132 cm,共分得44个样品)和50个底质样品,通过激光粒度分析仪对沉积物粒度进行了测试,获得了研究区底质和柱状样品的沉积物粒度特征,结果显示:研究区底质样品只有3种类型,即黏土质粉砂、粉砂和砂质粉砂;砂质粉砂分布在港池防沙堤附近的潮下带地区,粉砂主要分布在大... 相似文献
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《应用海洋学学报》2015,(1)
海洋沉积物的天然热释光强度的变化特征和冰期、间冰期的旋回有良好的对应关系,表明海洋沉积物的天然热释光强度可以指示古海洋气候的变化.本研究取自日本南海海槽增生楔的IODP C0004C岩芯样品由更新统和下-中上新统沉积物组成.样品的热释光测量结果与生物壳体碳酸钙含量、重结晶方解石含量对比后发现,热释光强度与生物壳体碳酸钙含量变化呈负相关,与重结晶方解石含量变化呈正相关,天然热释光强度的高值区与间冰期对应,低值区与冰期对应,根据岩芯样品热释光特征,在岩芯中划分出三个间冰期和三个冰期.根据热释光与磁化率的对比分析,结合岩性观察,推测岩芯中IIA段的角砾岩为陆源物质.鉴于样品物质组成、来源的差异性及热释光信号的敏感性,建议在利用海洋沉积物的天然热释光进行古气候和古沉积环境研究时,应选取地质作用过程比较简单、沉积环境相对稳定的地区. 相似文献
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基于山东半岛泥质区附近四根岩芯沉积物样品的高分辨率取样(1cm)粒度测试分析资料,分析了粒度频率曲线、粒度参数及其粒度组成特点,采用粒级-标准偏差法提取了沉积物的敏感性粒级,并探讨了研究区沉积物的搬运机制及对东亚冬季风强度的响应。结果表明:山东半岛泥质区沉积物以粉砂为主,砂和粘土的含量变化差异较大,粉砂含量变化较小,主要以跃移加悬浮组分为主。发育了大致相同的三个粒级组分,分别是粒组1(1.24μm)、粒组2(1.24~20.45μm)和粒组3(28.84~136.47μm),同时提取出粒组3(28.84~136.47μm)为研究区岩芯的敏感粒级,可以作为山东半岛泥质区的环境替代指标。测年数据和环境代用指标分析表明,敏感粒级平均粒径波动的程度可以反映东亚季风强弱变化,同时百年尺度中,北太平洋涛动和东亚冬季风与研究区沉积环境存在着紧密的联系,东亚冬季风较强时,岩心敏感粒级平均粒径呈现粗化趋势,同时与NPO指数呈现相反趋势,应用敏感粒级粒径波动来指示气候变化具有极其重要的意义。 相似文献
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胶州湾大沽河口潮间带沉积物中叶绿素和有机质含量的季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解胶州湾大沽河口潮间带沉积物中底栖微藻和有机质含量的季节变化,于2010年4月至2011年2月,分4次(春、夏、秋、冬)测定分析了沉积物中的叶绿素含量和有机质含量,并分析了沉积物的粒度组成及现场温度。结果表明,表层(0～2cm)沉积物叶绿素a含量为0.42～6.06mg/kg,有机质含量为0.48%～3.71%;次表层(2～5cm)叶绿素a含量为0.13～3.53mg/kg,有机碳质量为0.31%～3.78%;深层(5～8cm)叶绿素a含量为0.14～1.95mg/kg,有机质含量为0.47%～3.72%。经统计检验和Pearson相关性分析得出,胶州湾大沽河口沉积物中的叶绿素a含量春冬两季最高,夏季和秋季最低;叶绿素a含量与深度和温度呈负相关;与所处潮带、有机质含量、粉砂黏土含量在本实验中均无显著的相关性;有机质含量与季节关系不大,高潮带最高,其含量与粉砂黏土含量呈正相关,与叶绿素含量、深度和温度关系不明显。 相似文献
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胶州湾海水中溶解有色物质的光脱色对光致生成一氧化碳速率的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用在胶州湾中不同位置取得的3个水样,对溶解有色物质进行了不同时间的光脱色,探讨了有机物含量随脱色时间的变化趋势,得出有机物吸光系数和溶解有机碳随脱色时间的增长而呈指数减小,说明光脱色可以明显降低溶解有机物的含量。对不同光脱色程度的水样进行了光化学降解,测定了其主要产物一氧化碳的光致生成速率,发现在8个不同波段下一氧化碳光致生成速率与350 nm的吸光系数和溶解有机碳之间均有良好的线性关系。350 nm的吸光系数和溶解有机碳含量在一定程度上均可较好地表示海水中CDOM的含量。 相似文献
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黄土中铁的形态分布及其组合特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对采自陕西各地马兰黄土上部样品中８种形态铁和全铁含量以及碳酸盐、有机质、ｐＨ等有关因素分析,发现黄土中不同形态铁的含量差异很大。其中铝硅酸盐矿物铁、晶形铁和无定形铁是黄土中铁的主要存在形态,三者的含量合计可占全铁量的９９．８％以上,其余代换态铁、松结有机铁、碳酸盐结合铁、氧化锰结合铁和紧结有机铁５者的含量合计不到全铁量的０．２％。黄土各形态铁的含量变化具有同步消长特征,而全铁含量是各形态铁含量的主要制约因素,在区域上黄土碳酸盐和全铁含量的极显著正相关关系主要与颗粒和矿物成分的变化有关,黄土有机质的积累过程不但有益于有机结合铁形成,同时亦有益于其他各形态铁以及全铁富集,而黄土的碱化作用过程不利于铁的形态分异。 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal variations of sedimented organic matter in Xiaohai Lagoon, Hainan Island 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The characteristics of grain-size,total organic carbon(TOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents,TOC/TN ratios,stable carbon isotope(δ13C) and 210 Pb dating were measured in six sediment cores from the Xiaohai Lagoon.The results show distinct spatial and temporal variations in sedimentation patterns.The sediments are dominated by clayey silt,sandy silt and by silty sand in the southern,middle lagoon and the northern lagoon,respectively.TOC and TN contents decline from south to north.Sedimentation rates,determined by 210 Pb dating,tend to decrease from south to middle.However,the determination of sedimentation rate in the north is difficult.These spatial variations are related to the variations in sediment sources and hydrodynamic conditions in the Xiaohai Lagoon.The variations of organic matter signatures can be divided into two stages in the cores from the southern and middle lagoon.Before 1988,the organic matter signatures are relatively stable.The contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources varies between 60% and 85%.After 1988,the organic matter signatures demonstrate significant variations.TOC and TN contents increase rapidly,TOC/TN ratios decrease,δ13C values shift to higher and the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources decreases to 40%-50%.The contributions of phytoplankton organic matter have increased in the sediment since 1988.Increasing aquaculture activities have had a significant impact on organic matter signatures since 1988.The sedimentation rates have increased rapidly in the southern and middle lagoon since 1988 due to the anthropogenic activities which include aquaculture,mining and deforestation.These activities have caused eutrophication and increased siltation in the southern and middle lagoon. 相似文献
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夏季大亚湾悬浮颗粒有机物碳、氮同位素组成及其物源指示 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
2015年夏季开展了大亚湾悬浮颗粒有机物碳（POC）、氮含量（PN）及其同位素组成的研究,结果表明,δ13CPOC和δ15NPN的变化范围分别为-25.7‰~-17.4‰和-6.3‰~10.4‰,平均值分别为-20.2‰和8.2‰。大亚湾悬浮颗粒有机物含量及其碳氮同位素组成的空间变化反映了不同有机质来源的影响:喜洲岛附近海域表现出高POC、PN、δ13CPOC和δ15NPN的特征,指征着浮游植物水华的主导贡献;东北部范和港附近海域具有高POC、PN、低δ13CPOC和高δ15NPN的特征,反映了河流/河口水生有机物的影响;湾顶白寿湾附近海域的δ13CPOC和δ15NPN出现低值,体现了陆源有机质和人类污水排放的影响。借助δ13CPOC和δ15NPN的三端元混合模型,定量出海洋自生有机质、陆源有机质、河流/河口水生有机质等3个来源的贡献平均分别为70%、13%和17%,其中海洋自生有机质是夏季大亚湾悬浮颗粒有机物的最主要来源。从这3种来源颗粒有机物含量的空间变化看,海洋自生有机质含量由湾内向湾外减少,与初级生产力的空间变化相对应;河流/河口水生有机质含量在大亚湾东北部出现高值;陆源有机质含量在表、底层出现不同态势,表层陆源有机物含量在湾中部海域最低,而底层则呈现出自湾内向湾口增加的趋势,主要受控于离岸距离和珠江冲淡水、粤东沿岸上升流输送的影响。 相似文献
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Fifteen recent sediment samples from the offshore Orinoco Delta, Venezuela, were separated by sieving and pipette analysis into seven size fractions ranging from 4ø to 10ø, in 1 ø units. Total organic carbon was determined for each size fraction and the organic matter characterized by pyrolysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography. The sediments average 0.98% organic matter with somewhat higher values nearshore. Nearshore sediments also had higher organic contents in the coarsest fractions and a decrease in organic matter from coarse to fine sediment fractions. Sediments from further offshore generally show the highest organic contents in the finer fractions. Pyrolysis showed a low bitumen content and confirmed that the kerogen was dominantly terrestrial and gas prone. The observed trends were attributed to sorting of organic matter by its physical characteristics, with the denser, coarse-grained material settling out nearshore and the Finer-grained material being carried further from shore and settling out with finer-grained sediments. 相似文献
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本文根据有机地球化学资料,首次研究和探讨了珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积物中有机质丰度和可溶有机质的组成特征。现代沉积物有机质丰度,有机碳为0.58％,氯仿沥青“A”为210ppm,烃含量为33.8ppm;钻孔中有机碳为0.77％,氯仿沥青“A”为253ppm,烃含量为16.4ppm。从有机质组成、红外吸收光谱特征、δ~(13)C、干酪根H/C原子比,均表现为陆生植物为主,水生生物为铺,为腐殖型或腐泥—腐殖型的母质类型。 相似文献
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The origin and biogeochemistry of organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong
To understand the origin and biogeochemistry of the organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong, organic
nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, labile organic carbon, and residual organic carbon contents as well as stable isotope ratios
for carbon and nitrogen were determined by KOBr-KOH treatment. Ratios of organic carbon to organic nitrogen (Corg/Norg) (mean = 24) were much higher than ratios of organic carbon to total nitrogen (Corg/Ntot) (mean=12), indicating the presence of significant amounts of inorganic nitrogen in the surface sediments of both lakes.
Stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen were, on average, 5.2‰ heavier than ratios of inorganic nitrogen in Lake Shihwa,
but those same ratios were comparable in Lake Hwaong. This might be due to differences in the origin or the degree of degradation
of sedimentary organic matter between the two lakes. In addition, stable isotope ratios for labile organic carbon were, on
average, 1.4‰ heavier than those for residual organic carbon, reflecting the preferential oxidation of13C-enriched organic matter. The present study demonstrates that KOBr-KOH treatment of sedimentary organic matter can provide
valuable information for understanding the origin and degradation state of organic matter in marine and brackish sediments.
This also suggests that the ratio of Corg/Norg and stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen can be used as indexes of the degree of degradation of organic matter. 相似文献
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Organic matter in cobalt-rich crust(CRC) from the Marcus–Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean, Sample CM1D03, has been analyzed to understand the source, geochemistry and mineralization of organic matter, and the mineralization environment. Biomarkers, including n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and sterols, have been detected in various layers of the CRC sample, using gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). The content of organic carbon(OC) and its stable isotope(δ13C), and the combined features of the biomarkers show that the mineralized organic matter in CM1D03 CRC was mainly derived from microorganisms and lower plankton(e.g., bacteria and algae, respectively) from marine surface water, with some terrestrial higher plant components. The ratio of chloroform bitumen "A": OC was high in the CRC, between 10.51 and 20.66, showing significant migration characteristics of n-alkanes. Four mineralization categories of organic matter were recognized based on GC chromatograms of n-alkane molecules:(1) primitive type(bacteria and algae), which is characterized by moderately mature of n-alkanes preserving the original characteristics of the organic matter from microorganisms and lower plankton;(2) microbial degradation type, which is characterized by low contents of n-alkanes and rising baseline in the chromatogram, with the "bulge" being the products of organic matter by biodegradation;(3) organic matter migration type, which is characterized by low carbon number of n-alkanes with n C18 as the main peak carbon, without odd even predominance, and low concentrations of isoprenoids and hydrocarbons with high carbon number; and(4) organic matter hydrothermal type, which is characterized by relatively low concentration of small molecular weight n-alkanes, pristane, and phytane, accompanied by higher concentration of n-alkanes with carbon number greater than n C18. This study shows that biomarkers can record controlling factors of mineralization and their variation. 相似文献