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1.
Abstract: The North granitic body of the Miyako pluton is located in the Northern Kitakami belt, Northeast Japan. The formation of the scheelite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–bearing aplitic veins and scheelite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–bearing Yamaguchi skarn deposit was closely associated with the formation of the Miyako plutons. Petrographic facies of the North granitic body vary from quartz diorite in marginal zone (zone A), to tonalite and granodiorite (zone B), and to granite (zone C) in the central. The large numbers of aplitic veins distributed around the Yamaguchi mining area are divided into two groups: barren and scheelite–mag–netite–chalcopyrite–bearing aplitic veins. The latter cut massive clinopyroxene skarns of the Yamaguchi deposit, and are composed of plagioclase, K‐feldspar and titanite. Some plagioclase crystals have dusty cores with irregularly shaped K‐feldspar flakes, and clear rims of albite. Textures of plagioclase in the mineralized aplitic veins are different from the idiomorphic textures with sharp plagioclase crystal boundaries that occur in the North granitic body and barren aplitic veins. These textural data suggest that the mineralized aplitic veins were formed from hydrothermal fluid. Changes in the contents of major and minor (Rb, Sr, Sc, Co, Th, U) elements in the North Miyako granitic body are similar to those of zoned plutons formed by typical magmatic differentiation processes. On the other hand, concentrations of REE, especially middle to heavy REE, of granitic rocks in zone C and barren aplitic veins are significantly lower than those of granitic rocks in zones A and B. The hypothetical chondrite‐normalized REE patterns, calculated assuming fractional crystallization from zone B granitic melt, suggest that REE concentrations of the residual melt increased with the degree of fractional crystallization, and changed into a pattern with enriched LREE and strongly negative Eu anomaly. However, the REE patterns of granitic rocks in zone C are different from the hypothetical patterns. Moreover, the REE patterns of magnetite–scheelite–chalcopyrite aplitic veins are quite different from those of granitic rocks. The Cu contents of granitic rocks in the North Miyako body increase from zone A (5–26 ppm) to zone B (10–26 ppm), and then clearly decrease to zone C (5–7 ppm) and drastically increase to the barren aplitic veins (39–235 ppm). Concentrations of Cu in the mineralized aplitic veins are also higher than those of the granitic rocks in zone C. The decrease in REE and Cu contents of granitic rocks from zone B to zone C is not a result of simple magmatic fractional differentiation. Fluid inclusions in quartz from mineralized aplitic veins contain 3.3 wt% NaCl equivalent and 5.8 wt% CO2. It was also demonstrated experimentally that the removal of MREE and HREE by fluid from melt enabled the formation of complexes of REE and ligands of OH‐ and CO32‐. Based on the possibility that the melt of the granitic rocks of zone C and the mineralized aplitic veins coexisted with CO2‐bearing fluid, it is thought that REE were extracted from the melt to the CO2‐bearing fluid, and that the REE in the mineralized aplitic veins were transported by the CO2‐bearing fluid. It is likely that the low HREE and Cu contents of the granitic rocks in zone C could have been caused by the removal of those elements from the granitic melt by the fluid coexisting with the melt. The expelled materials could have been the sources of scheelite–magnetite–chalcopyrite–bearing aplitic veins and copper mineralization of the Yamaguchi Cu‐W skarn deposit.  相似文献   

2.
内蒙古乌拉山金矿田内主要出露晚太古代乌拉山群区域变质岩和规模不一的花岗岩体以及不同时代、不同种类的脉状地质体。含金矿脉中主要矿物共生组合为碱性长石、石英、斜长石、碳酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石)和少量金属硫化物。矿床的显著特征为碱性长石交代作用强烈，碱性长石也广泛产于该地区其他各种类型的岩石中。本文采用电子显微探针分析了共生碱性长石和斜长石的化学成分，并采用三元二长石温度模型估计了碱性长石的平衡温度。结果表明，第一成矿阶段的碱性长石一石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为353℃，第二成矿阶段石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为281℃，矿脉碱性长石形成压力约为5kbar。这些结果与同类矿石中平衡共生的碳酸盐矿物和云母类矿物的地质温度计估计的形成温度以及共生石英中流体包裹体的均一温度非常一致。因此，乌拉山金矿床形成和富集的温度可估测为260～380℃，压力约为5kbar。此外，应用二长石温度计计算了本地区区域变质片麻岩和花岗岩中碱性长石的平衡温度，所得温度比采用共生铁铝榴石和黑云母温度计估计的温度要低约250℃。这表明共生的铁铝榴石和黑云母的平衡温度可能代表其寄主变质岩变质期温度及寄主花岗岩原生温度，而区域变质岩和花岗岩中的碱性长石在经历了随后多次热液作用后，可能重新平衡再生，这也与前人对乌拉山金矿的矿床地质和同位素研究的结果一致。  相似文献   

3.
Partial melting has been shown to be an important mechanism for intracrustal differentiation and granite petrogenesis. However, a series of compositional differences between granitic melt from experiments and natural granites indicate that the processes of crustal differentiation are complex. To shed light on factors that control the processes of crustal differentiation, and then the compositions of granitic magma, a combined study of petrology and geochemistry was carried out for granites (in the forms of granitic veins and parautochthonous granite) from a granulite terrane in the Tongbai orogen, China. These granites are characterized by high SiO2 (>72 wt%) and low FeO and MgO (<4 wt%) with low Na2O/K2O ratios (<0.7). Minerals in these granites show variable microstructures and compositions. Phase equilibrium modelling using P–T pseudosections shows that neither anatectic melts nor fractionated melts match the compositions of the target granites, challenging the conventional paradigm that granites are the crystallized product of pure granitic melts. Based on the microstructural features of minerals in the granites, and a comparison of their compositions with crystallized minerals from anatectic melts and minerals in granulites, the minerals in these granitoids are considered to have three origins. The first is entrained garnets, which show comparable compositions with those in host granulites. The second is early crystallized mineral from melts, which include large plagioclase and K-feldspar (with high Ca contents) crystals as well as a part of biotite whose compositions can be reproduced by crystallization of the anatectic melts. The compositions of other minerals such as small grained plagioclase, K-feldspar and anorthoclase in the granites with low Ca contents are not well reconstructed, so they are considered as the third origin of crystallized products of fractionated melts. The results of mass balance calculation show that the compositions of these granites can be produced by mixing between different proportions of crystallized minerals and fractionated melts with variable amounts of entrained minerals. However, the calculated modal proportions of different crystallized minerals (plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and quartz) in the granites are significantly different from those predicted by melt crystallization modelling. Specifically, some rocks have lower modes of biotite and plagioclase, whereas others show lower K-feldspar modes than those produced by melt crystallization. This indicates that the crystallized minerals would be differentially separated from the primary magmas to form the evolved magmas that produce these granites. Therefore, the crystal entrainment and differential melt-crystal separation make important contributions to the composition of the target granites. Compared with leucogranites worldwide, the target granites show comparable compositions. As such, the leucogranites may form through the crystal fractionation of primary granitic magmas at different extents in addition to variable degrees of partial melting.  相似文献   

4.
Variation in the primary textures of “Cordilleran” granitic rocks is described relative to three identifiable stages of the crystallisation interval; namely: (1) crystallisation in suspension; (2) growth of a touching crystal framework; (3) interstitial crystallisation. Crystals that initially grow in isolation will start to impinge and form small clusters as crystallisation proceeds and the volume of solid material increases, eventually forming a continuous interconnected crystal framework. Subsequent crystallisation involves solidification of the melt occupying the interstices of the framework, and therefore shows similarities to the way in which the porosity occludes in sedimentary systems. A case study of textural development in Cordilleran granitic rocks from the zoned Linga superunit of the Peruvian Coastal Batholith, reveals that compositional zonation from granodiorite through to syenogranite is accompanied by a systematic variation in the textures, specifically those of the three felsic phases (plagioclase, quartz and alkali feldspar). Plagioclase was the first phase to appear on the liquidus, and was joined by the other two phases as crystallisation proceeded and the melt evolved. The melt fraction at which quartz and alkali feldspar started to crystallise influenced the early growth of plagioclase, and the way in which the texture developed through each stage of the crystallisation interval. The geometry of plagioclase progressively changes from a touching framework of crystals in the granodiorite, to small aggregates or isolated crystals suspended in an equant mosaic of the other felsic phases in the syenogranite. This variation can be explained by an earlier evolution of the melt to the cotectic (i.e. at higher melt fractions) as the rocks become more acidic, and hence a greater contribution of alkali feldspar and quartz to the growth of the framework at the expense of plagioclase and the mafic phases. Textural observations are comparable to the crystallisation pathways of the felsic phases modelled in the quaternary An-Ab-Or-Qz system from the bulk compositions. All compositions lie in the plagioclase volume, and evolved to three-phase saturation on the cotectic via either the quartz/plagioclase divariant surface (granodiorites) or the alkali feldspar/plagioclase divariant surface (monzogranite and syenogranite).  相似文献   

5.
The southern Sinai Peninsula, underlain by the northernmost extension of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, exposes post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline granites that represent the youngest phase of late Neoproterozoic igneous activity. We report a petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of post-collisional plutons of alkaline and, in some cases, peralkaline granite. These granites intrude metamorphosed country rocks as well as syn- and post-collisional calc-alkaline granitoids. The alkaline and peralkaline granites of the southern tip of Sinai divide into three subgroups: syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite granite. The rocks of these subgroups essentially consist of alkali feldspar and quartz with variable amounts of plagioclase and mafic minerals. The syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite contain small amounts of calcic amphibole and biotite, often less than 3%, while the riebeckite granite is distinguished by sodic amphibole (5–10%). These plutons have geochemical signatures typical of post-collisional A-type granites and were most likely emplaced during a transition between orogenic and anorogenic settings. The parental mafic magma may be linked to lithospheric delamination and upwelling of asthenospheric mantle material. Differentiation of the underplated basaltic magma with contributions from the juvenile crust eventually yielded the post-collisional alkaline granites. Petrogenetic modelling of the studied granitic suite shows that pure fractional crystallization cannot quantitatively explain chemical variations with the observed suite, with both major oxides and several trace elements displaying trends opposite to those required by the equilibrium phase assemblage. Instead, we show that compositional variation from syenogranite through alkali feldspar granite to riebeckite granite is dominated by mixing between a low-SiO2 liquid as primitive or more primitive than the lowest-SiO2 syenogranite and an evolved, high-SiO2 liquid that might be a high-degree partial melt of lower crust.  相似文献   

6.
The 100±12 m.y., 25 km diameter Boltysh impact crater was formed in Precambrian granites and granite gneisses of the Ukrainian Shield. The crater deposits have undergone minimal post-impact erosion and it is possible to study a complete vertical section of the underlying 200 m thick melt sheet. The melt rocks, as sampled in two drill holes, can be subdivided into two major textural classes: microcrystalline and glassy. The microcrystalline melt rocks form an uppermost and two lowermost units, with the glassy variety occupying the middle of the melt sheet. The microcrystalline units contain 25% zoned plagioclase phenocrysts set in a microcrystalline matrix of intergrown alkali feldspar and quartz. Pyroxene has been replaced by sheet-silicates. Mineral and lithic clasts make up 5–15% and show varying degrees of shock and resorption. The glassy melt rocks are characterized by 10–30% zoned plagioclase and 5–10% orthopyroxene set in a fresh to partially devitrified glassy matrix. Clast content is <5%. Chemically, the melt rocks are relatively homogeneous and correspond to a mixture of Kirovograd granites and gneisses in the ratio of 5 to 1, with Ni, Ir and Cr showing slight enrichments over the target rocks. There are minor differences in the Fe2O3/FeO ratio and the alkalis between the microcrystalline and glassy varieties. The increase in matrix crystallinity at the upper and lower contacts is contrary to observations at other impact melt sheets, where greater matrix crystallinity occurs in the interiors of the melt sheets. One possible explanation is that the melt matrix was originally glassy throughout, due to its high SiO2 content, and the microcrystalline matrix is the result of extensive devitrification involving minor alkali exchange with circulating ground-waters.Contribution from the Geological Survey of Canada 40986  相似文献   

7.
New fieldwork, mineralogical and geochemical data and interpretations are presented for the rare-metal bearing A-type granites of the Aja intrusive complex(AIC) in the northern segment of the Arabian Shield. This complex is characterized by discontinuous ring-shaped outcrops cut by later faulting. The A-type rocks of the AIC are late Neoproterozoic post-collisional granites, including alkali feldspar granite, alkaline granite and peralkaline granite. They represent the outer zones of the AIC, surrounding a core of older rocks including monzogranite, syenogranite and granophyre granite. The sharp contacts between A-type granites of the outer zone and the different granitic rocks of the inner zone suggest that the AIC was emplaced as different phases over a time interval, following complete crystallization of earlier batches. The A-type granites represent the late intrusive phases of the AIC, which were emplaced during tectonic extension, as shown by the emplacement of dykes synchronous with the granite emplacement and the presence of cataclastic features. The A-type granites consist of K-feldspars, quartz, albite, amphiboles and sodic pyroxene with a wide variety of accessory minerals, including Fe-Ti oxides, zircon, allanite, fluorite, monazite, titanite, apatite, columbite, xenotime and epidote. They are highly evolved(71.3–75.8 wt% SiO_2) and display the typical geochemical characteristics of post-collisional, within-plate granites. They are rare-metal granites enriched in total alkalis, Nb, Zr, Y, Ga, Ta, REE with low CaO, MgO, Ba, and Sr. Eu-negative anomalies(Eu/Eu* = 0.17–0.37) of the A-type granites reflect extreme magmatic fractionation and perhaps the effects of late fluid-rock interactions. The chemical characteristics indicate that the A-type granites of the AIC represent products of extreme fractional crystallization involving alkali feldspar, quartz and, to a lesser extent, ferromagnesian minerals. The parent magma was derived from the partial melting of a juvenile crustal protolith with a mantle contribution. Accumulation of residual volatile-rich melt and exsolved fluids in the late stage of the magma evolution produced pegmatite and quartz veins that cut the peripheries of the AIC. Post-magmatic alteration related to the final stages of the evolution of the A-type granitic magma, indicated by alterations of sodic amphibole and sodic pyroxene, hematitization and partial albitization.  相似文献   

8.
This study uses field, microstructural and geochemical data to investigate the processes contributing to the petrological diversity that arises when granitic continental crust is reworked. The Kinawa migmatite formed when Archean TTG crust in the São Francisco Craton, Brazil was reworked by partial melting at ~730 °C and 5–6 kbar in a regional‐scale shear zone. As a result, a relatively uniform leucogranodiorite protolith produced compositionally and microstructurally diverse diatexites and leucosomes. All outcrops of migmatite display either a magmatic foliation, flow banding or transposed leucosomes and indicate strong, melt‐present shearing. There are three types of diatexite. Grey diatexites are interpreted to be residuum, although melt segregation was incomplete in some samples. Biotite stable, H2O‐fluxed melting is inferred via the reaction Pl + Kfs + Qz + H2O = melt and geochemical modelling indicates 0.35–0.40 partial melting. Schlieren diatexites are extremely heterogeneous; residuum‐rich domains alternate with leucocratic quartzofeldspathic domains. Homogeneous diatexites have the highest SiO2 and K2O contents and are coarse‐grained, leucocratic rocks. Homogeneous diatexites, quartzofeldspathic domains from the schlieren diatexites and the leucosomes contain both plagioclase‐dominated and K‐feldspar‐dominated feldspar framework microstructures and hence were melt‐derived rocks. Both types of feldspar frameworks show evidence of tectonic compaction. Modelling the crystallization of an initial anatectic melt shows plagioclase appears first; K‐feldspar appears after ~40% crystallization. In the active shear zone setting, shear‐enhanced compaction provided an essentially continuous driving force for segregation. Thus, Kinawa migmatites with plagioclase frameworks are interpreted to have formed by shear‐enhanced compaction early in the crystallization of anatectic melt, whereas those with K‐feldspar frameworks formed later from the expelled fractionated melt. Trace element abundances in some biotite and plagioclase from the fractionated melt‐derived rocks indicate that these entrained minerals were derived from the wall rocks. Results from the Kinawa migmatites indicate that the key factor in generating petrological diversity during crustal reworking is that shear‐enhanced compaction drove melt segregation throughout the period that melt was present in the rocks. Segregation of melt during melting produced residuum and anatectic melt and their mixtures, whereas segregation during crystallization resulted in crystal fractionation and generated diverse plagioclase‐rich rocks and fractionated melts.  相似文献   

9.
Late Proterozoic rocks of Tanol Formation in the Lesser Himalayas of Neelum Valley area are largely green schist to amphibolite facies rocks intruded by early Cambrian Jura granite gneiss and Jura granite representing Pan-African orogeny event in the area. These rocks are further intruded by pegmatites of acidic composition, aplites, and dolerite dykes. Based on field observations, texture, and petrographic character, three different categories of granite gneiss (i.e., highly porphyritic, coarse-grained two micas granite gneiss, medium-grained two micas granite gneiss, and leucocratic tourmaline-bearing muscovite granite gneiss), and granites (i.e., highly porphyritic coarse-grained two micas granite, medium-grained two micas granite, and leucocratic tourmaline-bearing coarse-grained muscovite granite) were classified. Thin section studies show that granite gneiss and granite are formed due to fractional crystallization, as revealed by zoning in plagioclase. The Al saturation index indicates that granite gneiss and granite are strongly peraluminous and S-type. Geochemical analysis shows that all granite gneisses are magnesian except one which is ferroan whereas all granites are ferroan except one which is magnesian. The CaO/Na2O ratio (>0.3) indicates that granitic melt of Jura granite gneiss and granite is pelite-psammite derived peraluminous granitic melt formed due to partial melting of Tanol Formation. The rare earth element (REE) patterns of the Jura granite and Jura granite gneiss indicate that granitic magma of Jura granite and Jura granite gneiss is formed due to partial melting of rocks that are similar in composition to that of upper continental crust.  相似文献   

10.
Melting of basic to intermediate composition effusives enclosed in granitic magma forms a hybrid magma which subsequently can crystallize into granodiorite, quartz-diorite, and diorite. Crystallization of this hybrid magmatic melt proceeds along lines different from a normal differentiation of granitic magmas. Plagioclase in hybrid rocks is strongly zoned and dominantly andesine approaching, in places, the composition of labradorite. Outer zones of these crystals are andesine and oligoclase. In granitic rocks plagioclase is acid andesine to oligoclase. Outer zones get up to albite in composition. Pyriboles and biotite also show diagnostic optical features for crystallization of hybrid vs primary granitic magmas. Plagioclase composition that is coprecipitating with the crystallization of ferromagnesians, potassic feldspar, and quartz is of critical importance. Granitic and alaskitic magmas, in contrast to hybrid magmas, undergo anchieutectic crystallization. Changes in the alkali regimen of each of the two magma types affects the composition and crystallization order of the rock-forming minerals. Assimilation phenomena associated with the formation of hybrid rocks is aided by diffusion flow and infiltration flow of particles. --R. M. Hutchinson.  相似文献   

11.
铌钽矿研究进展和攀西地区铌钽矿成因初探   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  
王汾连  赵太平  陈伟 《矿床地质》2012,31(2):293-308
铌钽矿主要产出类型包括伟晶岩型、富Li-F花岗岩型、碱性侵入岩型、碳酸岩型及冲积砂矿型。前2种类型以钽为主,后3种则以铌占主导。铌和钽大多以铌钽独立矿物(铌铁矿、钽铁矿、细晶石、烧绿石等)呈浸染状分布于含矿岩石中,也有部分以类质同象的形式分布于云母、榍石、霓石、钛铁矿等矿物中。关于铌钽矿的富集机制,一些学者认为可由富F-Na和稀有金属(铌、钽等)的花岗质熔体经结晶分异作用形成;另一些学者则根据铌钽矿化与岩石的钠长石化、锂云母化等紧密共生的特点,认为铌钽的富集是岩浆期后流体交代早期形成的花岗岩所致。攀西(攀枝花-西昌)地区的铌钽矿床(化)基本上都是沿着断裂带分布,矿体赋存于印支期碱性岩脉(碱性正长伟晶岩)中,有少数存在于碱性花岗岩中,与区域上邻近的正长岩体及花岗岩体关系密切。其矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、褐钇铌矿等。初步推断,攀西地区的铌钽矿与二叠纪地幔柱活动有关。碱性的正长岩体及花岗岩体与广泛分布的峨眉山玄武岩、辉长岩均是地幔柱岩浆活动的产物,长英质岩体(包括正长岩体和花岗岩体)是富铌钽岩石的母岩体。碱性伟晶岩脉(如炉库和白草地区)是碱性岩浆逐步演化的产物,含矿的碱性花岗岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的结果。此外,在该地区的铌钽矿床中,铌钽矿物几乎都富集在钠长石化发育的地段,说明后期的热液交代对铌钽的富集也起到了一定作用。因此,攀西地区铌钽的富集是岩浆结晶分异和岩浆期后热液交代共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

12.
Mantle xenoliths (lherzolites, clinopyroxene dunites, wehrlites, and clinopyroxenites) in the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of Makhtesh Ramon (alkali olivine basalts, basanites, and nephelinites) represent metasomatized mantle, which served as a source of basaltic melts. The xenoliths bear signs of partial melting and previous metasomatic transformations. The latter include the replacement of orthopyroxene by clinopyroxene in the lherzolites and, respectively, the wide development of wehrlites and olivine clinopyoroxenites. Metasomatic alteration of the peridotites is accompanied by a sharp decrease in Mg, Cr, and Ni, and increase of Ti, Al, Ca contents and 3+Fe/2+Fe ratio, as well as the growth of trace V, Sc, Zr, Nb, and Y contents. The compositional features of the rocks such as the growth of 3+Fe/2+Fe and the wide development of Ti-magnetite in combination with the complete absence of sulfides indicate the high oxygen fugacity during metasomatism and the low sulfur concentration, which is a distinctive signature of fluid mode during formation of the Makhtesh Ramon alkali basaltic magma. Partial melting of peridotites and clinopyroxenites is accompanied by the formation of basanite or alkali basaltic melt. Clino- and orthopyroxenes are subjected to melting. The crystallization products of melt preserved in the mantle rock are localized in the interstices and consist mainly of fine-grained clinopyroxene, which together with Ti-magnetite, ilmenite, amphibole, rhenite, feldspar, and nepheline, is cemented by glass corresponding to quartz–orthopyroxene, olivine–orthopyroxene, quartz–feldspar, or nepheline–feldspar mixtures of the corresponding normative minerals. The mineral assemblages of xenoliths correspond to high temperatures. The high-Al and high-Ti clinopyroxene, calcium olivine, feldspar, and feldspathoids, amphibole, Ti-magnetite, and ilmenite are formed at 900–1000°. The study of melt and fluid inclusions in minerals from xenoliths indicate liquidus temperatures of 1200–1250°C, solidus temperatures of 1000–1100°C, and pressure of 5.9–9.5 kbar. Based on the amphibole–plagioclase barometer, amphibole and coexisting plagioclase were crystallized in clinopyroxenites at 6.5–7.0 kbar.  相似文献   

13.
STUDY ON THE ISOTOPIC CHRONOLOGY AND THE TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DUGUER GRANITIC GNEISS IN CENTRAL QIANGTANG, TIBET  相似文献   

14.
Dehydration (vapour absent) partial melting reactions in the Earth's crust produce a hydrous granitic melt phase, new anhydrous minerals that are mostly pyroxenes, and new plagioclase more calcic than the initial plagioclase. These solid phases of the melt reaction are restite. If the restite is carried to high levels in the crust as a component of the magma, cooling and crystallisation to granite will result in back reactions in which the H2O in the melt phase is consumed and is not then available to form a hydrothermal solution. Even in magmas in which some restite has been removed there will be some back reaction and again less H2O. Only fractional crystallisation will enrich the H2O in the magma in sufficient amounts to form a substantial quantity of hydrothermal solution and possible mineralisation.  相似文献   

15.
Fourteen core samples of Precambrian granitic gneisses from a well drilled in the Green Township, Scioto County, Ohio were studied to determine the origin of alkali feldspar in these rocks. The well intersected the basement at a depth of 1,700 m and penetrated 11.3m of Precambrian crystalline rocks. Petrographically the samples in the upper 6.4 m of the basement core show evidence of severe alteration by the presence of hematite, limonite and chlorite and by the absence of plagioclase. Alkali feldspars from this part of the core are turbid, have a low 2 V of about 10°, are highly enriched in K, have low Na and Rb concentrations, lack cathode luminescence, and form a straight line on a Rb-Sr isochron diagram yielding a date of 599±69 Ma. Core samples from below 6.4 m appear relatively fresh and unaltered. Alkali feldspar from this portion of the core is orthoclase, shows uniform blue luminescence and gives a Rb-Sr date of 1,162±11 Ma. These results indicate that feldspars in the lowest part of the core are primary minerals that crystallized during the Grenville Orogeny, whereas the K-feldspar in the top of the core is of low-temperature secondary origin. The formation of this feldspar is explained as a consequence of chemical weathering of primary feldspar during late Precambrian time to clay minerals that were later reconstituted under low-temperature hydrothermal conditions as K-feldspar (adularia) by reactions with brines derived from the overlying Mt. Simon Formation of Cambrian age.Laboratory for Isotope Geology and Geochemistry (Isotopia), Contribution No. 68  相似文献   

16.
Hyalomylonites, from Langtang (Nepal) and Köfels (Ötz Valley, Austria), were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The matrix is glassy at both localities; rarely it is crystallized and devitrified to dendrites and skeletal microlites of plagioclase, alkali feldspar and biotite. The matrix is chemically heterogeneous with schlieren and formed by partial to almost complete melting of host rocks of granitic to granodioritic composition. Locally, glasses with pure quartz, plagioclase and alkalifeldspar composition were found. From SiO2-glass minimum temperatures of 1520°C are estimated.At both hyalomylonite localities melting appears to be the result of frictional heating on the gliding plane of a large landslide. The host rocks were deformed in a brittle mode. Microstructures typical of plastic deformation at high temperatures are displayed by inclusions and were probably inherited from previous tectonic events.  相似文献   

17.
The Lewisian complex of the Scourie-Badcall area is composed predominantly of banded tonalitic gneiss which intrudes layered gabbro-ultramafic complexes. Intrusive into both gabbro and tonalitic gneiss are homogeneous acid sheets which are trondhjemitic to granitic in composition. All rocks were subjected to granulite facies metamorphism. Smooth continuous trends on chemical variation diagrams suggest that the evolution of these rocks was dominated by fractional crystallisation. A scheme is proposed whereby a tonalitic melt was parental to trondhjemite and granite. Variation within tonalites was a function of the fractional crystallisation of hornblende and plagioclase, and trondhjemite was derived from tonalite by the fractional crystallisation of hornblende and/or plagioclase. Granite and granodiorite represent residual liquids which evolved along the quartz-feldspar cotectic surface; they were derived by the fractional crystallisation of plagioclase from a trondhjemite liquid. Some trondhjemitic sheets are quartz-plagioclase residues from which a granitic melt was removed. The associated gabbros and ultramafic rocks are not directly related to the proposed fractional crystallisation scheme and are not crystal residues removed from the tonalitic melt. Tonalites were probably derived from a basaltic source by partial melting or fractional crystallisation with either hornblende and/or garnet as residual phases.  相似文献   

18.
内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿位于华北地台北缘西段中元古代白云鄂博台缘凹陷带西部,矿区内有大面积花岗质岩体和岩脉出露,其岩性主要包括石英二长闪长岩、二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩。通过岩相学特征和岩石地球化学特征分析,结合区域上同类型岩体的侵入时代,认为浩尧尔忽洞岩体形成于华北板块与西伯利亚板块同碰撞-后碰撞环境。其中二长花岗岩形成于同碰撞环境,该环境下由于板片持续俯冲,引起俯冲板片及地幔楔发生熔融,其上侵带来的热量致使下地壳物质部分熔融而形成该类型岩石的母岩浆;石英二长闪长岩形成于碰撞后隆起环境,是加厚下地壳熔融的产物;碱长花岗岩属于晚造山期A型花岗岩系列,该阶段地幔玄武质岩浆底侵,导致下地壳物质熔融,部分与其发生混染。结合浩尧尔忽洞金矿的成矿年龄、成矿流体特征及赋矿岩石有机地球化学特征,认为岩体的侵位提供了矿床形成必不可少的热量及部分成矿流体来源。  相似文献   

19.
A combined petrological, geochronological and geochemical study was carried out on felsic veins and their host rocks from the North Qaidam ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane in northern Tibet. The results provide insights into partial melting of deeply subducted continental crust during exhumation. Partial melting is petrograpically recognized in metagranite, metapelite and metabasite. Migmatized gneisses, including metagranite and metapelite, contain microstructures such as granitic aggregates with varying outlines, small dihedral angles at mineral junctions and feldspar with magmatic habits, indicating the former presence of felsic melts. Partial melts were also present in metabasite that occurs as retrograde eclogite. Felsic veins in both the eclogites and gneisses exhibit typical melt crystalline textures such as large euhedral feldspar grains with straight crystal faces, indicating vein crystallization from anatectic melts. The Sr–Nd isotope compositions of felsic veins inside gneisses suggest melt derivation from anatexis of host gneisses themselves, but those inside metabasites suggest melt derivation from hybrid sources. Felsic veins inside gneisses exhibit lithochemical compositions similar to experimental melts on the An–Ab–Or diagram. In trace element distribution diagrams, they exhibit parallel patterns to their host rocks, but with lower element contents and slightly positive Eu and Sr anomalies. The geochemistry of these felsic veins is controlled by minerals that would decompose and survive, respectively, during anatexis. Felsic veins inside metabasites are rich either in quartz or in plagioclase with low normative orthoclase. In either case, they have low trace element contents, with significantly positive Eu and Sr anomalies in plagioclase‐rich veins. Combined with cumulate structures in some veins, these felsic veins are interpreted to crystallize from anatectic melts of different origins with the effect of crystal fractionation. Nevertheless, felsic veins in different lithologies exhibit roughly consistent patterns of trace element distribution, with variable enrichment of LILE and LREE but depletion of HFSE and HREE. There are also higher contents of trace elements in veins hosted by gneisses than veins hosted by metabasites. Anatectic zircon domains from felsic veins and migmatized gneisses exhibit consistent U–Pb ages of c. 420 Ma, significantly younger than the peak UHP eclogite facies metamorphic event at c. 450–435 Ma. Combining the petrological observations with local P–T paths and experimentally constrained melting curves, it is inferred that anatexis of UHP gneisses was caused by muscovite breakdown while anatexis of UHP metabasites was caused by fluid influx. These UHP metagranite, metapelite and metabasite underwent simultaneous anatexis during the exhumation, giving rise to anatectic melts with different compositions in various elements but similar patterns in trace element distribution.  相似文献   

20.
Calc-alkaline and alkaline intrusions of the late Neoproterozic form essential part of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. They were formed during the collision between East- and West-Gondwana. Sharm El-Sheikh area, Sinai, includes wide compositional array of these intrusions that can be considered as a case study. Variations in both tectonic and thermobarometric condition for granitic intrusions are studied. Four mappable granitic types are recognized namely monzogranite, syenogranite, alkali feldspar granites, and riebeckite-bearing granites. The monzogranite and the syenogranite of the study area are mostly I-type, whereas the alkali feldspar granite and the riebeckite-bearing granite belong to A-type granitoid. The calc-alkaline intrusions were formed in compressional setting due to decompressional melting of mafic lower crust. Partial melting and anatexing of crustal rocks are suggested to explain the protolith of the alkaline intrusions. The transition from the calc-alkaline magma to the alkaline one occurred as a result of the tectonic transition from compression regime to tectonic relaxation (extension setting) during the last stage of the Pan-African Orogeny. The amphiboles of the studied granites are classified as calcic- and alkali-amphiboles. The calcic-amphiboles are ferro-edenite while the alkali-amphiboles are typically riebeckite. Both amphibole types are of magmatic nature. Coexisting amphiboles and plagioclases are used to estimate the physicochemical parameters of magma crystallization. The syenogranite underwent temperature and pressure of formation range of 520–730 °C, <3 kbar. The alkali feldspar granite records 450–830 °C, <4 kbar, while the riebeckite-bearing granite records the lowest temperature condition among all varieties and estimate formation at 350–650 °C, <4 kbar.  相似文献   

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