The isotopic ratios O/O and O/O in molecular oxygen and their significance in biogeochemistry     

Boaz Luz  Eugeni Barkan 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(5):1099-1110

Recently, a new method has been introduced for the estimation of photosynthetic oxygen production from the triple isotope composition (δ¹⁷O and δ¹⁸O) of dissolved O₂ in the ocean and of air O₂ in ice cores. This method is based on the deviations (¹⁷Δ) from mass dependent respiratory fractionation, the major process affecting the isotopic composition of air O₂. To apply this method, the slope in the ¹⁷O/¹⁶O vs. ¹⁸O/¹⁶O relationship used for ¹⁷Δ calculation must be known with high accuracy. Using numerical simulations and closed system experiments, we show how the respiratory slope is manifested in the ¹⁷Δ of O₂ in situations where respiration is the only process affecting oxygen isotopic composition (kinetic slope), and in systems in steady state between photosynthesis and respiration (steady state slope). The slopes of the fractionation line in these two cases are different, and the reasons of this phenomenon are discussed. To determine the kinetic respiratory slope for the dominant O₂ consumers in aquatic systems, we have conducted new experiments using a wide range of organisms and conditions and obtained one universal value (0.5179 ± 0.0006) in ln(δ¹⁷O + 1) vs. ln(δ¹⁸O + 1) plots. It was also shown that the respiratory fractionations under light and dark are identical within experimental error. We discuss various marine situations and conclude that the kinetic slope 0.518 should be used for calculating ¹⁷Δ of dissolved O₂. In contrast, a steady state fractionation slope should be used in global mass balance calculations of triple isotope ratios of O₂ in air records of ice cores.  相似文献   

O18O16 of feldspars in carbonate rocks     

J.R Lawrence  M Kastner 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1975,39(2):97-102

Six authigenic feldspars and three detrital feldspars in limestones and dolostones of Eocene to Preeambrian ages were analyzed for their $\text{O}{}^{18}\text{O}{}^{16}$ content. The difference in δO¹⁸ between the authigenic feldspars (δO¹⁸range = + 18.2 to + 24.7%.) and carbonate host rocks, both limestones and dolostones, was found to be ?0.5 to ?1.4%. Detrital feldspars (δO¹⁸ = + 11.2, + 22.5 and + 17.0%.) exhibit Δ^feldspar_carbonate values of ?12.0, ?2.4 and ?1.6‰, respectively, and appear to have undergone increased isotopic exchange as a function of decreased grain size under solid-state conditions.  相似文献   

Diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal structures due to O2, O3 and H2O heating     

GEETA VICHARE  R RAJARAM 《Journal of Earth System Science》2013,122(5):1207-1217

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Behavior and effects of phosphorus in the system Na2O−K2O−Al2O3−SiO2−P2O5−H2O at 200 MPa(H2O)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

David London  George B. Morgan VI  Harold A. Babb  Jennifer L. Loomis 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,113(4):450-465

The addition of phosphorus to H₂O-saturated and initially subaluminous haplogranitic (Qz–Ab–Or) compositions at 200 MPa(H₂O) promotes expansion of the liquidus field of quartz, a marked decrease of the solidus temperature, increased solubility limits of H₂O in melt at low phosphorus concentrations, and fractionation of melt out of the haplogranite plane (projected along an Or₂₈ isopleth) toward a peralkaline, silica-poor but quartz-saturated minimum composition. The partition coefficient for P₂O₅ between aqueous vapor and melt with an ASI (aluminum saturation index, mol Al/[mol Na+K])=1 is negligible (0.06), and consequently so are the effects of phosphorus on other melt-vapor relations involving major components. Phosphorus becomes more soluble in vapor, however, as the concentration of a NaPO₃ component increases via the fractionation of melt by crystallization of quartz and feldspar. The experimental results here corroborate existing concepts regarding the interaction of phosphorus with alkali aluminosilicate melt: phosphorus has an affinity for alkalis and Al, but not Si. Phosphorus is incorporated into alkali feldspars by the exchange component AlPSi_-2. For subaluminous compositions (ASI=1), the distribution coefficient of phosphorus between alkali feldspar and melt, D[P]Af/m, is 0.3. This value increases to D[P]Af/m=1.0 at a melt ASI value of 1.3. The increase in D[P]Af/m with ASI is expected from the fact that excess Al promotes the AlPSi_-2 exchange. With this experimental data, the P₂O₅ content of feldspars and whole rocks can reveal important facets of crystallization and phosphorus geochemistry in subaluminous to peraluminous granitic systems.  相似文献   

Das System NaAlSi3O8-BaAl2Si2O8-H2O bei 1 Kbar     

Volkhart Rudert 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1972,35(4):313-329

The system albite-celsian-water was investigated at isothermal sections of 670, 760, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100° C at 1 Kbar. At temperatures above about 950° C the existence of a solid solution series could be shown. In the condensed part of the 930° C/1 Kbar section the partition of barium between melt and coexisting crystals was measured using an electron probe microanalyzer. The barium content of crystals grown in equilibrium with a melt is always higher than the barium content of the starting composition, so albite-celsian shows an ascending type solid solution series at low total water pressures. In the subsolidus region two types of solvi are existent, which show different ways of phase unmixing. The relatively low barium contents of natural albites are interpreted as being due to geochemical reasons rather than crystalchemical reasons.

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Meinem hochverehrten Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr. K. Jasmund, danke ich für sein lebhaftes Interesse während der Durchführung dieser Arbeit und für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskripts. Mein Dank gilt ferner Herrn Dr. H. A. Seck für die Einarbeitung in die experimentellen Methoden der Hydrothermalsynthese und für kritische Anmerkungen zum Manuskript. Fräulein Dr. M. Corlett danke ich für wertvolle Informationen zur Messung mit der Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosonde.

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Die Untersuchung wurde mit Hilfe von Personal- und Sachmitteln durchgeführt, die Herrn Professor Dr. K. Jasmund von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft zur Verfügung gestellt worden waren.  相似文献   

Phase Equilibria in the Ternary Systems KBr–K2B4O7–H2O and KCl–K2B4O7–H2O at 373 K     

CUI Ruizhi  SANG Shihu  HU Yongxi  and HU Jiawen 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(6):1668-1673

According to the compositions of the underground gasfield brines in the west of Sichuan Basin,the phase equilibria in the ternary systems KBr-K2B4O7-H2O and KCl-K2B4O7-H2O at 373 K were studied using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method.The solubilities of salts and the densities of saturated solutions in these ternary systems were determined.Using the experimental data,phase diagrams and density-composition diagrams were constructed.The two phase diagrams were simple co-saturation type,each having an invariant point,two univariant curves and two crystallization regions.The equilibrium solid phases in the ternary system KBr-K2B4O7-H2O are potassium bromide （KBr） and potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate （K2B4O7·4H2O）,and those in the ternary system KCl-K2B4O7-H2O are potassium chloride （KCl） and potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate （K2B4O7·4H2O）.Comparisons of the phase diagrams of the two systems at different temperatures show that there is no change in the crystallization phases,but there are changes in the size of the crystallization regions.As temperature increases,the solubility of K2B4O7·4H2O increases rapidly,so the crystallization field of K2B4O7·4H2O becomes smaller.  相似文献   

Stability of the assemblage orthopyroxene-sillimanite-quartz in the system MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O     

H. Annersten  F. Seifert 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1981,77(2):158-165

The stability of coexisting orthopyroxene, sillimanite and quartz and the composition of orthopyroxene in this assemblage has been determined in the system MgO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O as a function of pressure, mainly at 1,000° C, and at oxygen fugacities defined mostly by the hematite-magnetite buffer. The upper stability of the assemblage is terminated at 17 kbars, 1,000° C, by the reaction opx+Al-silicate gar+qz, proceeding toward lower pressures with increasing Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio in the system. The lower stability is controlled by the reaction opx+sill+qz cord, which occurs at 11 kbars in the iron-free system but is lowered to 9 kbars with increasing Fe/(Fe+Mg). Spinel solid solutions are stabilized, besides quartz, up to 14 kbars in favour of garnet in the iron-rich part of the system (Fe/(Fe+Mg)0.30). Ferric-ferrous ratios in orthopyroxene are increasing with increasing ferro-magnesian ratio. At least part of the generally observed increase in Al content with Fe²⁺ in orthopyroxene is not due to an increased solubility of the MgAlAlSiO₆ component but rather of a MgFe³⁺AlSiO₆ component. The data permit an estimate of oxygen fugacity from the composition of orthopyroxene in coexistence with sillimanite and quartz.  相似文献   

Das System KFeSi3O8−KAlSi3O8−H2O mit Untersuchungen über die Mikroklin-Sanidin-Beziehungen     

E. Eberhard 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1965,10(1-4):400-408

Zusammenfassung Im System KFeSi₃O₈–KAlSi₃O₈ wird eine Mischungslücke gefunden, welche den Bereich von 10–60 Mol. % K-Fe-Feldspat umfaßt. Die Mischkristalle links und rechts der Mischungslücke verhalten sich ähnlich wie ihre benachbarten Endglieder. Das Fehlen von intermediären Phasen auf der Eisenseite und die Mischungslücke machen es wahrscheinlich, daß das Verhalten des K-Fe-Feldspates nicht auf das Verhalten des K-Al-Feldspates extrapoliert werden darf.

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Summary In the system KFeSi₃O₈–KAlSi₃O₈ a miscibility-gap is found from 10 to 60 Mol.% K-Fe-felspar. The mixed crystals on the right and left side of the miscibility-gap show a behaviour similar to the corresponding end-members. The lack of intermediate phases on the iron-side and the miscibility-gap make probable that one cannot extrapolate the behaviour of the K-Fe-felspar to the behaviour of the K-Al-felspar.

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Mit 3 Textabbildungen

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Herrn Professor Dr.F. Machatschki zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Theoretical growth morphology of whewellite CaC2O4·H2O     

Marinella Franchini-Angela  Dino Aquilano 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1984,10(3):114-120

The morphological theory of Hartman and Perdok (1955, 1956) allows to deduce the character of a growth form {hkl} on the basis of structural data alone. Its application to the structure of whewellite leads to the identification of forms {100}, {010}, {021}, {011}, {12 \(\bar 1\) } and {121} which show during the growth a flat surface profile (flat forms F). These forms occur very frequently in the crystals we grew from pure aqueous solutions at supersaturation β≦1,90. Other forms, {001} and {10 \(\bar 1\) }, possibly show a double character (F or S, where S stays for related faces showing a stepped profile during the growth) according to the bonds assumed within some periodic bond chains (PBCs). Alternative ways of bonding water molecules lead to different structures of the same PBC. The different energy corresponding to these structures may explain the complex morphology of both natural and synthetic crystals grown at high β values.  相似文献