共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
生活垃圾淋滤液组分的变化特征及其污染机理分析──以长春市为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用室内模拟试验成果对长春市生活垃圾淋滤液的组分特征、变化规律及其对土壤、地下水的污染机理进行了分析；结合野外监测资料运用非确定性模型方法建立模拟模型，对淋滤液的污染组分进行趋势预测，为垃圾堆放场地的设计和垃圾污染的治理提供理论上的依据。同时为解决城市生活垃圾污染问题和寻找垃圾场地奠定了基础 相似文献
2.
3.
生活垃圾对环境的污染，主要表现为垃圾渗滤液对地面水、地下水、土壤等的污染。其污染评价涉及污染物指标、污染物标准值的确定和计算模式的建立等内容。本文在总结现行环境指数评价法的基础上，探讨性地提出一套将基于生活垃圾填埋场环境监测技术标准(CJJ／T3037—95)中涉及地面水、地下水、土壤等的相关监测项和垃圾中的其他常见重要污染物，一并确定出的污染评价指标，再根据相关有毒物急性毒性分级，结合阈限值和部分浸出毒性鉴别标准值等分为5类污染指标。并在污染物的标准值确定后，进行对应于5类污染物的不同数学模式计算，得到5个分类污染指数，再比较判别这5个分类污染指数，选出最大者作为总污染指数的组合型评价垃圾污染的方法。经实例应用分析，该方法对各种污染物数据分布情况的适宜性优于现行其他常用方法。 相似文献
4.
生活垃圾淋滤液组分的变化特征及其污染机理分析—以长春… 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用室内模拟试验成果对长春市生活垃圾淋滤液的组分特征、变化规律及其对土壤，地下水的污染机理进行了分析，结合野外监测资料运用非确定性模型方法建立模拟模型，对淋滤液的污染组分进行趋势预测，为垃圾堆放场地的设计和垃圾污染的治理提供理论上的依据，同时为解决城市生活垃圾污染问题和寻找垃圾场地奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
依据实际调查数据,采用单因子污染指数分析法确定了生活垃圾填埋场地下水中主要污染物、污染程度和污染范围,并进行了土壤和地下水污染耦合性分析,研究结果表明：该生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染物主要为氨氮、总氮、高锰酸盐、锰、挥发酚和氟化物,其污染指数最大值分别为1 407.24、745.00、137.12、97.50、3.60和1.68,污染区总面积0.168 km2;填埋场下游沟谷纵向上,总氮、锰两项指标在土壤中的含量与地下水中浓度变化趋势一致;其污染途径主要为库区防渗层破损,渗滤液垂向沿基岩风化裂隙进入地下含水层,以连续渗漏的方式不断污染地下水,污染物在地下水径流作用下向拦挡坝下游不断迁移。 相似文献
6.
污染水及污染致病问题的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在城乡供水中，评价地下水是否受到污染，用有无病菌是不确切的，随着工农业的发展，不仅污染来源于生活污水、生活垃圾、农业灌溉污水及工业垃圾等，也使地下水受到严重污染。工业废水，工业垃圾中含有重金属，有机、无机化合物，给人类健康和生活环境造成极大危害，本文着重从生活污水工业废水，污水灌溉等方面的污染致病进行了分析探讨。 相似文献
7.
为了解垃圾填埋场周边地下水环境污染状况,以长沙市固体废弃物处理场周边土壤、地下水及下游水库水质为研究对象,对研究区进行采样分析,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染综合指数法对该垃圾填埋场周边环境重金属含量特征进行分析与风险评价。结果表明：As、Cr（Ⅵ）、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu重金属是填埋场周边环境中的主要污染物,区域采样点及下游水库中重金属含量均值低于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,填埋场区污染状况良好;Cr（Ⅵ）含量在ZK1与R1样品中均高于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,是填埋场周边地下水的主要风险污染物;ZK1~ZK4中土壤重金属元素以Pb、Cr（Ⅵ）富集为主,其达中度污染程度,应引起重视。 相似文献
8.
兰考县位于河南省东部,近年来随着城市工业、乡镇企业的发展,城市垃圾堆放量及污水排放量不断增加。由于处于黄河下游冲积平原区,地表防护性能较差,地下水及土壤遭到一定程度污染。本文对兰考县的地下水及土壤的污染现状进行了评价,提出了水土污染防治对策,可为兰考县水土污染防治提供科学依据。地下水污染现状评价,采用单项组份评价和综合评价,单项组份评价按照水分析成果与地下水质量标准比较,综合评价在单项评价的基础上根据内梅罗公式按综合指数进行评价。工作区地下水多为未污染,未污染水质分布于全区大部分区域,仅在局部检测部分单因子超标,造成轻微污染。土壤污染评价按土壤环境质量标准值计算单指标土壤环境质量指数,单一元素土壤污染指数得出后,然后按内梅罗法计算综合污染指数。一级质量区主要分布在城市建成区周围及西部大部分区域。二级质量区主要分布在局部区域。水土污染防治对策：(1)从源头控制污染物的排放量;(2)做好污染物堆放场地的防渗工作;(3)加强污染场地水质监测,严防污染事故发生。 相似文献
9.
污染水及对污染致病问题的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在城乡供水中 ,评价地下水是否受到污染 ,用有无病菌是不确切的 ,随着工农业的发展 ,不仅污染来源于生活污水、生活垃圾、农业灌溉污水及工业垃圾等 ,也使地下水受到严重污染。工业废水 ,工业垃圾中含有重金属 ,有机、无机化合物 ,给人类健康和生活环境造成极大危害 ,本文着重从生活污水工业废水 ,污水灌溉等方面的污染致病进行了分析探讨 相似文献
10.
北京某垃圾处置场对地下水的污染 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
通过对北京某垃圾场所处的环境地质条件、地层对垃圾污染物的防护能力的调查及对地下水连续1个水文年的污染监测，用单因子和多因子(综合污染指数和内梅罗污染指数)2种方法，评价了该垃圾场对地下水的污染情况。结果表明，该垃圾场对地下水的污染极其严重：综合污染指数可达到59；单项污染组分如NO2^-、NH4^ 、COD等普遍比参照值高出几十倍，致癌物质NO2^-则高出340多倍。从水质的角度看，地下水中有的污染物(NO2^-、NH4^ 、COD)已经超出地下水Ⅲ类水质标准数十倍甚至100多倍，到了不能饮用的程度。这表明地质环境对地下水资源的防护能力直接关系到国土资源的合理利用及城市管理，若垃圾处置场选址不当，将污染地下水资源，影响城市可持续发展。 相似文献
11.
The present work demonstrates the environmental problems associated with the development and operation of a lined and unlined
landfill site, both used for municipal solid waste landfilling, that are situated next to the city of Patra, Greece. Findings
from a detailed site investigation as well calculations on hydrologic evaluation of landfill’s performance and measurements
on leachate composition proved that the lined landfill site is more secure and environmental friendly compared with the unlined
landfill site. Even though, until today, there is no evidence from near boreholes for severe contamination problems generated
by any of the two landfills, in the forthcoming future several environmental problems are expected to occur from the unlined
site. In addition the prevailing hydrogeotechnical conditions indicated that the unlined site is a potential source of contamination;
hence extra remedial measures should be received by the local authorities to prevent severe contamination in soil and groundwater. 相似文献
12.
William J. Stone 《Environmental Geology》1992,19(3):139-145
Chloride is a conservative, natural tracer found in precipitation, soil water, and groundwater. The chloride mass-balance approach, long used to estimate groundwater recharge, also provides a downward flux of moisture and solute at sites where there is a potential for groundwater contamination. The flux is obtained by dividing the product of the mean annual precipitation and total annual chloride input (via precipitation and dust) by the mean soil-water chloride content. Chlorideversusdepth profiles can also be used to determine optimum depth of waste burial to minimize deterioration of waste containers. The method has been applied to three sites in arid alluvial-basin settings in New Mexico, U.S.A.: a proposed landfill, a battery recycling plant, and a hazardous-waste disposal facility. It is concluded that the method is reliable, economical, and practical. Furthermore, it can be applied at any stage in the development of a site. The chloride method should apply in any recharge area where the base of the root zone is separated from the water table by at least 3 m or so and chloride in soil water comes only from precipitation and dust. 相似文献
13.
14.
Industrial waste landfills produce great impacts on soil and groundwater. There are many industrial waste landfills in Vale dos Sinos, Southern Brazil, which were inadequately planned and maintained since the industry started in the first half of the twentieth century. The largest industrial landfill in the Valley, which causes the most severe impacts on soil and groundwater, is the subject of this paper, which studies the environmental impacts and behavior of contaminants in soil. The landfill was carefully mapped on a scale of 1:1,000; 88 samples were collected from soil probes; the leachate of three samples was comprehensively analyzed; and soils mineralogy and chemistry were studied. Few studies have been made on this landfill. This study shows widespread contamination of soil in the surrounding areas of the landfill. Chromium, chloride and ammonium have the highest contamination levels, reflecting their high contents in landfill leachate. Contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons, cyanide and mercury is registered in more than 65% of soil samples with low concentrations. Lead, copper and barium show low contamination restricted to a few soil samples. Soil contamination occurs mainly in the unsaturated zone of the aquifer at the convergence points of stormwater, showing that the preferential transport of contaminants occurs on surface flow followed by soil infiltration. The results of leaching tests indicate high metal sorption capacity of soil. The remediation of contaminated soil must contain at least the following actions: sealing the top of the landfill, installation of geochemical barriers, removal of the liquid waste basins without sealing the base and collection and treatment of the rainwater drainage. 相似文献
15.
Young-Ji Han Pyung-Rae Kim Gang-San Lee Jae-In Lee Seam Noh Seok-Min Yu Kwang-Su Park Kwang-Seol Seok Hyuk Kim Young-Hee Kim 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(10):361
Mercury (Hg) concentrations in air, effluent water, landfill gas, leachate, groundwater, and soil at a hazardous solid waste landfill site in Korea were measured along with air–soil surface Hg exchange fluxes at the site. The concentrations and fluxes were considerably higher than have been found elsewhere in Korea. Gaseous Hg concentrations in the air peaked during the day, coinciding with Hg being released from the landfill surface. This suggests that air–soil exchange increased the Hg concentrations in the atmosphere. The air–soil exchange flux increased abruptly when solar radiation reached the soil surface. The Hg flux peaked about 3 h before the solar radiation peaked, possibly because reducible Hg was abundant at the soil surface. The Hg emission flux activation energy (E a) was low, indicating that the Hg species present and Hg–soil binding were probably not as important (because of the high Hg content of the soil) as in previous studies. The methylmercury to total Hg ratios in the discharged effluent, groundwater, and leachate was clearly higher than typically found in coastal water and freshwater, suggesting bacteria caused active methylation to occur under the reducing conditions in the anaerobic landfill. The results suggested that considerable amounts of Hg are probably transported from the landfill to nearby environmental media and that this will continue if waste with a high Hg content continues to be added to the landfill without being pretreated. 相似文献
16.
Owing to its five decades in the chemical industry, Estarreja is one of the most important industrial areas in Portugal. Intensive industrial activity along with both direct discharge of the effluents into natural water streams and uncontrolled waste disposal on the ground has, throughout the years, had strong impact on health and welfare. Recently an association between industry and local authorities was created — ERASE. The main goal for this association is to find, in co-operation with the Portuguese Environmental Ministry, a cost-effective solution to deal with the soil/sediments contamination and solid waste problem.
The ERASE association planned to build a landfill for both solid waste and contaminated soil/sediments disposal. In order to determine more accurately the volume of material to be disposed of in the landfill, a site investigation was carried out during September/November 1998. The site investigation consisted mainly of systematic soil sampling at shallow depths, both within the industrial area and along the natural water streams.
The site investigation results revealed high concentrations of toxic pollutants, mainly heavy metals (namely As, Hg, Pb and Zn), in the soil of the industrial area. Much higher concentrations were found in the sediments of the water streams, several kilometres away from the industrial complex (the pollution source area).
In most cases, concentration increases with depth, reaching groundwater. Therefore the site investigation programme carried out could not determine the full extent of the contamination. Consequently, further studies were strongly recommended, which should include a wider and deeper investigation area and groundwater sampling. 相似文献
17.
The formation factor relates bulk resistivity to pore fluid resistivity in porous materials. Understanding the formation factor is essential in using electrical and electromagnetic methods to monitor leachate accumulations and movements both within and around landfills. Specifically, the formation factor allows leachate resistivity, the degree of saturation, and, possibly, even the hydraulic conductivity of the waste to be estimated from non-invasive surface measurements. In this study, apparent formation factors are computed for three landfills with different types of waste as well as sediments contaminated by landfill leachate. Resistivity soundings at the closed Mallard North landfill in suburban Chicago (Illinois, USA) mapped leachate surfaces that were confirmed by monitoring wells. The resistivity of leachate-saturated waste from resistivity sounding inversions was then divided by the leachate resistivity values measured in-situ to compute apparent formation factors (Fa) ranging from 1.6 to 4.9. A global Fa of 3.0±1.9 was computed for the entire monitored portion of this landfill At a nearby mixed laboratory waste landfill, a 2D inverted resistivity section was used to compute an Fa of 2.9. Finally, a distinctly different Fa value of 10.6±2.8 was computed for leachate-saturated retorted oil and organic compounds. The Fa for aquifers containing contaminated groundwater fall in the same range as aquifers with normal groundwater, 1.7-3.9. However, models from inverted sounding curves over these contaminated areas exhibit unusually low resistivity layers, which may be diagnostic of contamination. 相似文献
18.
海北化工厂已停产15年之久,但Cr6+污染依旧十分严重.调查得知,海北化工厂原生产废液排放及堆存废渣经降水淋滤作用下渗,是造成该区包气带和地下水Cr6+污染的主要原因.采用地下水质量法和污染指数法评价分析该区地下水Cr6+污染范围和污染影响程度.评价结果显示:Cr6+重度污染区面积0.75 km2,厂区包气带Cr6+平均含量67.67×10-6,平均超标指数1691.75,地下水中Cr6+浓度超过Ⅴ类水标准.在分析厂区周边水文地质条件的基础上,提出清除场地废渣废料并置换被污染的包气带、采用抽水法治理被污染的地下水的综合方案. 相似文献