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1.
张朝生 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(1):192-192
The 2012 Sino-European Symposium on Environment and Health (SESEH 2012) was successfully held at National University of Ireland, Galway during August 20-25, 2012. This brand new conference has attracted a total number of 212 participants from a total number of 28 相似文献
2.
1960—2019年西北地区气候变化中的Hiatus现象及特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1998—2012年全球地表平均温度发生变暖停滞（Hiatus）,然而Hiatus现象是否在全球各地均存在尚有争议,其在西北地区的表现及特征缺乏深入研究。本文基于1960—2019年气温地面观测数据,利用累积距平曲线、Mann-Kendall突变检验、滑动t检验及Yamamoto检验进行气候突变分析,结合线性倾向估计进行气候变化趋势分析,对西北地区气候变化中的Hiatus现象及其特征进行了探讨。结果表明：① 西北地区年均气温在1986年、1996年和2012年分别突变,1996年突变升温后在1998—2012年间保持高位震荡;② 1998—2012年间西北地区年均温变化率为-0.20 ℃/10a,呈现明显Hiatus现象,分季节看,冬季降温幅度最大,夏季仍保持升温,春季均温比秋、冬季提前1年开始和结束停滞期,从空间上看,西北地区东南部降温最显著,青藏高原不存在Hiatus;③ 2012年Hiatus结束后西北地区气温普遍快速升高,季节上以冬季升温最快,空间上以南疆升温最快。综合来看,1998—2012年的Hiatus现象在除青藏高原外的西北地区表现明显,停滞后的快速升温值得高度关注。 相似文献
3.
黑河中游土地利用/覆被变化及其对碳储量影响的预测 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
准确预测未来土地利用/覆盖变化及其对区域碳储量的影响对土地利用决策和气候变化研究具有重要意义。以黑河中游流域为研究对象,基于2000年和2012年两期土地利用解译数据,运用CA-Markov模型,并依据《IPCC 2006指南》提供的清单方法,在对研究区2024年土地利用变化特征进行预测分析的基础上评估了2000-2024年黑河中游土地利用/覆被变化对碳储量的影响。结果表明:2000-2012年,研究区耕地、建设用地、林地和草地面积呈增加趋势,未利用土地和水域面积呈减少趋势,土地利用/覆被变化导致碳储量增加3.22×10^6 t;预测2024年黑河中游土地利用变化同2012年相比,耕地、建设用地、林地占研究区比例分别增加3.18%、0.84%和0.77%,未利用土地、草地和水域占研究区比例分别减少3.32%、1.13%和0.33%;2012-2024年土地利用/覆被变化导致碳储量增加7.55×10^6 t,各土地利用类型变化导致碳储量变化更加明显,其中林地和耕地增加是碳储量增加的主要原因,建设用地增加是碳储量减少的主要原因。总体来看,2012-2024年耕地、建设用地、林地将继续呈增加趋势,未利用土地和水体将继续呈减少趋势;2012-2024年较2000-2012年土地利用变化导致碳储量增加4.33×10^6 t,固碳能力表现出较明显的提高。 相似文献
4.
气候变化对荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被区的风沙活动影响巨大,对该区植被的演化趋势有着重要作用。利用2012-2013年的气象资料,结合植被区255个样点的风蚀积沙量野外观测资料,分析了甘肃临泽县荒漠-绿洲过渡带气候变化特征及其对地表风沙活动的影响。结果表明:(1)2012年和2013年平均气温、积温(≥10 ℃)变化均呈单峰型,平均温度影响近地面空气对流运动,积温(≥10 ℃)影响植被的生长,两者间接地影响风沙运动;(2)2012年和2013年降水差异显著,空气相对湿度呈双谷型变化,降水和空气湿度对地表下垫面的影响十分复杂,对风沙活动的影响较为复杂;(3)2012年和2013年起沙风频率变化呈三峰型,全年输沙势分别为412.21VU、375.41VU,分别属于高风能环境、中风能环境,方向变率指数0.31~0.78,以中变率为主;(4)2012年和2013年输沙率同输沙势或合成输沙势均呈非线性相关且强弱不同,2012年在小变率条件下输沙率受输沙势的影响较大,受合成输沙势的影响较小;2013年在中变率条件下输沙率受合成输沙势的影响较小,受输沙势的影响较大。 相似文献
5.
2010年、20111年和2012年7月对北京翠湖湿地水环境进行跟踪调查与监测,评估湿地恢复之后翠湖湿地水环境的改善效果。恢复区水体pH值、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、电导率(EC)和溶解氧(DO)等指标在3年间都表现为下降趋势。其中,pH值从2010年的8.36降到2012年的7.44;TN从2010年的1.94 mg/L降到2012年的1.76 mg/L;TP从2010年的0.129 mg/L降到2012年的0.117 mg/L。说明翠湖湿地经过湿地恢复后,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)去除效果明显,湿地水环境良好改善,水体自净能力得到加强。本研究可为湿地水环境恢复评估及管理提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
6.
Use of Remote Imagery to Analyse Changes in Morphology and Longitudinal Large Wood Distribution in the Blanco River After the 2008 Chaitén Volcanic Eruption,Southern Chile 
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下载免费PDF全文 Héctor Ulloa Andrés Iroumé Luca Mao Andrea Andreoli Silvia Diez Luis E. Lara 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(3):523-541
The 2008 Chaitén volcanic eruption generated significant changes in the channel morphology and large wood (LW) abundance along the fluvial corridor of the Blanco River, southern Chile. Comparisons of remote sensing images from the pre‐eruption (year 2005) and post‐eruption (years 2009 and 2012) conditions showed that in a 10.2 km long study segment the Blanco River widened 3.5 times from 2005 to 2009, and that the maximum enlargement was nine times the original width. Changes in channel width were lower between the years 2012 and 2009. The sinuosity and braiding indexes also changed between 2005 and 2009. After the eruption the channel sinuosity was higher and specific river reaches developed a braided pattern, but by 2012 the channel was recovering pre‐eruption characteristics. Huge quantities of LW were introduced to the study segment; individual LW per km of channel length were 1.6 and 74.3 in 2005 and 2009, respectively, and more than 30 log jams km?1 were observed in the year 2009. Between 2009 and 2012 the quantity of LW was very similar. Statistically significant relationships were found between the number of log jams and channel sinuosity and between the number of pieces of large wood with sinuosity and channel width. Wood was highly dynamic between 2009 and 2012: 78% of individual pieces and 48% of log jams identified in the 2009 image had moved by 2012. Finally the supervised classification of imagery associated with ArcMap tools was tested to identify large wood. 相似文献
7.
应用环境磁学方法研究了2012年乌鲁木齐大气降尘磁学特征,并与该地区2006年大气降尘样品磁学特征进行对比,探讨乌鲁木齐城市化进程中的大气降尘磁学特征变化规律。结果表明：乌鲁木齐大气降尘样品磁性矿物以粗颗粒的PSD和MD磁铁矿为主导,同时含有少量的不完全反铁磁性矿物如赤铁矿。与2006年相比,2012年降尘样品的颗粒较粗,且在取暖期内亚铁磁性矿物含量较少。乌鲁木齐冬季取暖整治措施成效显著,但非采暖期大气整体质量相对2006年有所下降,影响乌鲁木齐城市大气质量的主要因素已经由冬季供暖向城市化的加快和工业的发展这两个因素转移。 相似文献
8.
The catering industry is an important industry related to the growth of the national economy and the needs of daily life. After 2012, the central government has successively introduced and implemented a series of policies to limit the official consumption and catering waste. These policies have had a huge impact on China's catering industry, especially the development of high-end catering. Based on expert scoring and interviews with government managers, the catering industry organizations, catering enterprises, researchers and consumers, this paper studies the impacts of the policies before and after 2012 on the sustainable development of the catering industry. The results show that: (1) Policies after 2012 have been very strong in their strength and duration, and this can ensure that the policies can effectively perform their restraint and management functions in the long term. (2) As affected by policies after 2012, the frequency and amounts of public expenditures in China have dropped significantly, and mass consumption is developing faster. (3) The impact of policies on income is quite controversial. On the whole, the policies have continued to promote the increasing of catering income after 2012, and have played a significant role in optimizing the catering structure and reducing food waste. However, the policies have had little effect on the improvement of industry standards and environmental protection. (4) The sustainable development of the catering industry requires the efforts of the government, industry organizations, restaurants and consumers. Steady income growth, a reasonable and healthy industry structure, sound industry standards, and low food waste are important standards and goals for the sustainable development of the catering industry. 相似文献
9.
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of people with tertiary education in Sweden, partly due to the governmental policy of making higher education more geographically available. In this study, we analyze how educational expansion and the governmental policy of offering tertiary education outside of old academic centers affected segregation patterns in 2012 compared to 1990. We analyze the spatial distribution of those with tertiary education using neighborhoods based on k-nearest neighbors and measure the segregation of residents with tertiary education using a multiscalar method. Additionally, we compare local labor market regions that include old, new, or no institutions of higher education. The results show an overall higher share of tertiary-educated people age twenty-five to sixty-four in all parts of Sweden in 2012 and a decrease in the levels of population-weighted mean segregation at all geographical scales. Segregation was mostly introduced on the city or city district level (for larger cities) and regional level rather than the neighborhood level. Segregation also decreased in all three types of labor market regions. The segregation patterns remained similar between 2012 and 1990, however, and a higher share of the population lived in segregated areas in 2012 compared to that in 1990. 相似文献
10.
基于中国第28次南极科学考察长城站越冬期间获取的常规气象和海冰观测资料,结合统计的1985—2010年气候值,对比分析了长城站2012年的气象及海冰特征。气象分析表明,该年平均气压和气温偏低,N—W风向频率显著偏低,E—SE风向频率显著偏高;雾日偏少,降雪量、吹雪及雪暴显著偏多;针对观测期间某些月份比较明显的气象要素和天气现象异常,从大气环流角度进行了分析解释。海冰观测表明,长城湾冰情变化受大气动力作用影响大,冰情稳定性差,外围海域海冰极不稳定,2012年4月至2012年11月冰情几经进退,先后交替出现3个完全冰冻和3个部分冰冻期。 相似文献
11.
Knowledge on urban land-use change and its driving forces has vital significance in the practice of urban planning and management. However, the characteristics of historical, long-term changes and their quantitative relationships with the urban environment are still poorly understood. Based on multi-source data, including remote sensing imageries, large-scale topographic maps, historical maps, multi-temporal city maps, and other urban thematic maps, high-quality spatial information on urban land use in the built-up area of Changchun has been extracted for 1898, 1932, 1954, 1976, 1990, 2002, and 2012 by means of geographic information systems and remote sensing. We found that the land-use structure and spatial configuration has undergone tremendous alterations according to urban function in the 100-year history of Changchun city. The built-up area of Changchun expanded from 2.26 km2 in 1898 to 328.12 km2 in 2012, increasing about 144 times over the past century. Historically, the development of Changchun can be categorized into three stages: the initial forming stage, the old industrial development stage, and the modern metropolis development stage. Commercial and industrial land expanded rapidly following the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, with an increase from 1.74 km2 in 1954 to 15.91 km2 in 2012, and from 16.45 km2 in 1954 to 107.05 km2 in 2012, respectively. Although there was substantial growth in residential land use (from 1.81 km2 in 1898 to 113.95 km2 in 2012), the area percentage of residential land decreased continuously (from 80.09% in 1898 to 34.73% in 2012). Moreover, it was noted that the spatial configuration and structural percentage for commercial, industrial, and residential lands and others had tremendous divergences at different stages. These divergences of land-use structure occurred between the stages and were associated with social regimes and the functional orientation of urban society across the 100 years of historical development. Socio-economics, population growth, and planning policies from specific stages, especially after 1949, had strong effects on the divergence of urban structure. 相似文献
12.
Knowledge on urban land-use change and its driving forces has vital significance in the practice of urban planning and management. However, the characteristics of historical, long-term changes and their quantitative relationships with the urban environment are still poorly understood. Based on multi-source data, including remote sensing imageries, large-scale topographic maps, historical maps, multi-temporal city maps, and other urban thematic maps, high-quality spatial information on urban land use in the built-up area of Changchun has been extracted for 1898, 1932, 1954, 1976, 1990, 2002, and 2012 by means of geographic information systems and remote sensing. We found that the land-use structure and spatial configuration has undergone tremendous alterations according to urban function in the 100-year history of Changchun city. The built-up area of Changchun expanded from 2.26 km~2 in 1898 to 328.12 km~2 in 2012, increasing about 144 times over the past century. Historically, the development of Changchun can be categorized into three stages: the initial forming stage, the old industrial development stage, and the modern metropolis development stage. Commercial and industrial land expanded rapidly following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, with an increase from 1.74 km~2 in 1954 to 15.91 km~2 in 2012, and from 16.45 km~2 in 1954 to 107.05 km~2 in 2012, respectively. Although there was substantial growth in residential land use(from 1.81 km~2 in 1898 to 113.95 km~2 in 2012), the area percentage of residential land decreased continuously(from 80.09% in 1898 to 34.73% in 2012). Moreover, it was noted that the spatial configuration and structural percentage for commercial, industrial, and residential lands and others had tremendous divergences at different stages. These divergences of land-use structure occurred between the stages and were associated with social regimes and the functional orientation of urban society across the 100 years of historical development. Socio-economics, population growth, and planning policies from specific stages, especially after 1949, had strong effects on the divergence of urban structure. 相似文献
13.
利用2012年全年的ASCAT散射计风场数据,对55°S以南的南极周边海域海面风场开展了时空分布特性统计分析。结果表明:对于南极周边海域,7月平均风速最大,为12 m·s-1,12月平均风速最小,为8 m·s-1,冬季大于夏季;该区域平均风速主要在9—12 m·s-1之间,全年出现的天数280天,约占全年的77%;风速10 m·s-1所占比例也是冬季大于夏季。从全年来看,南极周边海域在冬季(4—6月)和春季(7—9月)风速普遍较大。该区域0°W—60°W海域内风速明显比其他海域要小。 相似文献
14.
文章以道路运输为例,通过实地调研统计和文献比对的方法分析了珠三角地区交通运输现状,结果显示：珠三角地区货车总量从2009年的634 117辆持续上升至2010年的686 022辆,经2011年保持基本平稳后并于2012年下降至615 188辆,货物运输的汽油消耗总量从2009年的1 605 039 063 L持续上升至2011年的1 683 547 808 L,并于2012年下降至1 565 549 249 L;柴油消耗总量从2009年的10 280 424 087 L持续上升至2011年的11 469 238 676 L,并于2012年下降至10 132 183 276 L。客车总量从23 709辆增长至26 586辆,相应的汽油消耗总量从61 475 930 L增加到108 517 822 L,柴油消耗总量从627 713 514 L增加到704 660 120 L。计算结果表明,珠三角地区2009年的CO2排放量由31 443 857.39 t持续上升至2011年的34 808 009.10 t,2012年的道路运输CO2排放下降至2009年水平（31 277 418.02 t）,其中2012年CO2排放的贡献比率以柴油货车（82.9%）远远高于其他类型车辆。总的来看,能耗巨大和环境污染是珠三角地区交通发展所面临的重要挑战,尤其以交通大气污染对人们的影响最为明显。最后,提出珠三角地区未来交通发展的核心思路--“交通低碳化”,其主要内容包括提高交通运输效率、推行公交先行战略、推广清洁能源交通工具和技术、发展水路运输和推行绿色货运等。 相似文献
15.
The ice shelves in the northern Antarctic Peninsula are highly sensitive to variations of temperature and have therefore served as indicators of global warming. In this study, we estimate the velocities of the ice shelves in the northern Antarctic Peninsula using co-registration of optically sensed images and correlation module (COSI-Corr) in the Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images during 2000-2012, from which we conclude that the ice ?ow directions generally match the peninsulas pattern and the crevasse, ice flows mainly eastward into the Weddell Sea. The spatial pattern of velocity field exhibits an increasing trend from the western grounding line to the maximum at the middle part of the ice shelf front on Larsen C with a velocity of approximately 700 ma-1, and the velocity field shows relatively higher values in its southerly neighboring ice shelf (e.g. Smith Inlet). Additionally, ice ?ows are relatively quicker in the outer part of the ice shelf than in the inner parts. Temporal changes in surface velocities show a continuous increase from 2000 to 2012. It is worth noting that, the acceleration rate during 2000-2009 is relatively higher than that during 2009-2012, while the ice movement on the southern Larsen C and Smith Inlet shows a deceleration from 2009 to 2012. 相似文献
16.
2012年4月华南地区降水异常事件及成因诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于实时、历史观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料,采用气候统计和气候事件机理诊断分析方法,对2012 年4 月华南地区降水异常事件及其成因机制开展总结分析。结果表明:2012 年4 月华南大部地区降水异常偏多,强降水频发。华南地区降水异常事件的主要成因为:异常的高低纬环流形势配合,为华南地区降水异常偏多提供有利的环流背景,利于北方冷空气南下与西南暖湿气流在华南地区交汇;同期华南地区为异常偏强的上升气流控制,高低空辐散、辐合环流配置利于华南地区降水异常偏多;源自孟加拉湾、南海和西太平洋的异常水汽输送为华南地区提供良好的水汽条件,是华南地区降水异常事件的重要影响因子。 相似文献
17.
利用遥感数据和气象观测资料探索气候因子对区域植被变化的驱动作用具有重要意义。以1980-2012年气象数据和2000-2012年MODIS-NDVI数据为数据源,借助线性回归和相关分析分别分析了青海和西藏两个地区21世纪以来气候变化对青藏高寒草地的影响机制。结果表明：（1）1980-2012年,青海和西藏地区均呈暖湿化的发展趋势。但21世纪以来,西藏地区降水呈不显著的减少趋势;整个青藏高原中部和西部地区增温趋势明显（>0.05 ℃·a-1）。（2）在年际尺度（2000- 2012年）上,青海地区NDVI呈显著增加的趋势,增长率为0.003·a-1（P<0.05）;西藏地区NDVI无变化趋势,区域尺度统计中植被退化与改善相互抵消。在空间上,青藏高原东北部地区NDVI呈良性趋势,部分区域增长斜率超过0.01·a-1。青藏高原南部地区NDVI呈变差趋势,变化斜率为0.008·a-1。（3）区域上的相关分析显示,在青海地区,降水量的增加和温度的升高共同促进了该区域植被的良性发展趋势;在西藏地区,降水量的减少和温度的升高可能是南部地区植被变差的重要原因。 相似文献
18.
中国农田土壤有机碳贮量变化预测 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
基于遥感反演的1988年与2000年土地利用数据、土地动态模拟系统(DLS)模拟的2012年与2020年全国栅格尺度的耕地分布数据及我国农业综合区划结果,应用CENTURY模型估算了中国1988~2020年农田土壤有机碳贮量时空变化规律,分析了1988~2000年、2000~2012年与2012~2020年三个时段中国农田土壤有机碳贮量变化情况。研究结果表明,1988~2000年全国大部分地区的农田土壤有机碳贮量呈增长态势;而2000~2012年全国农田土壤有机碳贮量将出现一定幅度的下降;2012~2020年间,虽然全国范围内的农田土壤有机碳贮量仍表现为下降趋势,但下降幅度较2000~2012年间显著减少。研究结果还表明,我国九大农业生态区的农田土壤有机碳贮量变化具有显著的时空分异特征。 相似文献
19.
Aridity trend and response to vegetation restoration in the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi Province 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Detecting variation trend in dry-wet conditions can provide information for developing strategic measures to mitigate the impacts of global warming, particularly in dry regions. Taking the hilly region of northern Shaanxi on the Loess Plateau as a case area, this study analyzed the trend of aridity variation during 1981-2012, and explored the effect of vegetation restoration promoted by the Grain-for-Green (GFG) program implemented in 1999. The results indicated that the aridity in the region was non-significantly increased by 0.88% per year during 1981-2012, showing a drying trend. This drying trend and amplitude were changed by the influence of vegetation restoration promoted by the GFG program, based on two findings. The first one was that the aridity variation tended to increase during 1981-1999 while it turned to decrease during 2000-2012, with the regional mean relative change rate changed from 2.45% to -1.06%. This distinction was more remarkable in the loess gully region, where the vegetation was improved more obviously. The second one was that the mean vegetation coverage as indicated by EVI increased by 0.90% to 4.32% per year at county level, while the aridity decreased by 0.14% to 2.32% per year during 2000-2012. The regression analysis using the mean county data indicated that the change rate of aridity was negatively related to that of EVI with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.56, illustrating that around half of the aridity decline was explained by the EVI change. The mechanism of this effect was complicated, but it was found that the wind speed decline induced by the vegetation improvement could be an important contributor. It is concluded that the region became drier during 1981-2012, but the eco-restoration reduced the drying speed. However, this conclusion is involved in uncertainties, and further study based on experiments is needed to confirm the effect of the GFG-promoted vegetation restoration. 相似文献
20.
基于Markov模型的安宁市土地利用预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据安宁市2003～2009年土地利用更新调查数据,利用Markov模型以3年为间隔预测安宁市2012～2021年内的土地利用结构变化。结果表明:2012～2021年安宁市的耕地、园地、林地等农用地大量转变为建设用地;为了保障基本社会生活需求,耕地和园地的农作物生产用地向建设用地转变较少,林地向建设用地转变较多。 相似文献