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周边区域地理信息的获取是我国地缘环境研究中的一个难题,志愿者地理信息(volunteered geographic information,VGI)的兴起为解决该难题提供了一个可行的方法。在目前一系列的VGI项目中,OpenStreetMap(OSM)是比较领先的应用,但OSM数据模型不同于我国周边应用的专业矢量数据模型,因此,利用OSM数据时首先需要对其进行模型转换。有鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于规则的OSM数据到专业应用矢量数据模型转换方法。该方法首先利用OSM定义的几何类型与地物属性作为分类依据,建立了模型转换基本规则库;对于志愿者根据自己的理解自行标注未包含在基本规则库中的目标采用人机交互方式进行模型转换,并在此过程中不断完善规则库,利用越南与巴基斯坦数据进行实验,最终形成了包括2 344条转换规则的模型转换规则库,为OSM数据模型到专业应用矢量数据模型的转换提供了一条可行途径。 相似文献
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The Annotation Process in OpenStreetMap 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In this article we describe the analysis of 25,000 objects from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) databases of Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, and Austria. The objects are selected as exhibiting the characteristics of “heavily edited” objects. We consider “heavily edited” objects as having 15 or more versions over the object's lifetime. Our results indicate that there are some serious issues arising from the way contributors tag or annotate objects in OSM. Values assigned to the “name” and “highway” attributes are often subject to frequent and unexpected change. However, this “tag flip‐flopping” is not found to be strongly correlated with increasing numbers of contributors. We also show problems with usage of the OSM ontology/controlled vocabularly. The majority of errors occurring were caused by contributors choosing values from the ontology “by hand” and spelling these values incorrectly. These issues could have a potentially detrimental effect on the quality of OSM data while at the same time damaging the perception of OSM in the GIS community. The current state of tagging and annotation in OSM is not perfect. We feel that the problems identified are a combination of the flexibility of the tagging process in OSM and the lack of a strict mechanism for checking adherence to the OSM ontology for specific core attributes. More studies related to comparing the names of features in OSM to recognized ground‐truth datasets are required. 相似文献
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Towards an Automated Comparison of OpenStreetMap with Authoritative Road Datasets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Maria Antonia Brovelli Marco Minghini Monia Molinari Peter Mooney 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(2):191-206
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is an extraordinarily large and diverse spatial database of the world. Road networks are amongst the most frequently occurring spatial content within the OSM database. These road network representations are usable in many applications. However the quality of these representations can vary between locations. Comparing OSM road networks with authoritative road datasets for a given area or region is an important task in assessing OSM's fitness for use for applications like routing and navigation. Such comparisons can be technically challenging and no software implementation exists which facilitates them easily and automatically. In this article we develop and propose a flexible methodology for comparing the geometry of OSM road network data with other road datasets. Quantitative measures for the completeness and spatial accuracy of OSM are computed, including the compatibility of OSM road data with other map databases. Our methodology provides users with significant flexibility in how they can adjust the parameterization to suit their needs. This software implementation is exclusively built on open source software and a significant degree of automation is provided for these comparisons. This software can subsequently be extended and adapted for comparison between OSM and other external road datasets. 相似文献
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大数据时代道路数据来源日益增多,跨数据源的道路选取面临巨大挑战。本文针对数据语义不一致问题,提出一种基于本体知识推理的多源道路选取方法。首先,将1∶5万基本比例尺地形图道路数据作为基础案例,将四维图新导航电子地图和开放街道地图中的道路数据作为试验数据,基于stroke计算道路等级、长度、连通度、接近度、中介度特征项,提取特征项概念并构建本体;然后,从语义特征项和数值特征项两方面计算本体概念相似性,建立基础案例与试验数据间的关联关系;最后,基于本体和语义网规则语言定义本体通用、语义特征、数值特征三类选取规则,实现跨数据源道路选取的过程性知识推理。试验表明,本文方法可基于本体概念相似性度量消除语义差异,同时利用语义网规则语言进行知识推理,可实现多源道路数据向基本比例尺数据的智能选取。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(2):153-171
OpenStreetMap (OSM) currently represents the most popular project of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI): geodata are collected by common people and made available for public use. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) enables the acquisition of high-resolution digital elevation models that are used for many applications. This study combines the advantages of both ALS and OSM, offering a promising new approach that enhances data quality and allows change detection: the mainly up-to-date 2D data of OSM can be combined with the high-resolution – but rarely updated – elevation information provided by ALS. This case study investigates building objects of OSM and ALS data of the city of Bregenz, Austria. Data quality of OSM is discerned by the comparison of building footprints using different true positive definitions (e.g. overlapping area). High quality of OSM data is revealed, yet also limitations of each method with respect to heterogeneous regions and building outlines are identified. For the first time, an up-to-date Digital Surface Model (DSM) combining 2D OSM and ALS data is achieved. A multitude of applications such as flood simulations and solar potential assessments can directly benefit from this data combination, since their value and reliability strongly depend on an up-to-date DSM. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTNowadays, several research projects show interest in employing volunteered geographic information (VGI) to improve their systems through using up-to-date and detailed data. The European project CAP4Access is one of the successful examples of such international-wide research projects that aims to improve the accessibility of people with restricted mobility using crowdsourced data. In this project, OpenStreetMap (OSM) is used to extend OpenRouteService, a well-known routing platform. However, a basic challenge that this project tackled was the incompleteness of OSM data with regards to certain information that is required for wheelchair accessibility (e.g. sidewalk information, kerb data, etc.). In this article, we present the results of initial assessment of sidewalk data in OSM at the beginning of the project as well as our approach in awareness raising and using tools for tagging accessibility data into OSM database for enriching the sidewalk data completeness. Several experiments have been carried out in different European cities, and discussion on the results of the experiments as well as the lessons learned are provided. The lessons learned provide recommendations that help in organizing better mapping party events in the future. We conclude by reporting on how and to what extent the OSM sidewalk data completeness in these study areas have benefited from the mapping parties by the end of the project. 相似文献
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Assessing the Completeness of Bicycle Trail and Lane Features in OpenStreetMap for the United States 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This article assesses the completeness of bicycle trail and on‐street lane features in OpenStreetMap (OSM). Comparing OSM cycling features with reference data from local planning agencies for selected US Urbanized Areas shows that OSM bicycle trails tend to be more completely mapped than bicycle lanes. Manual evaluation of mapped cycling features in OSM and Google Maps for selected test areas within the Central Business Districts of Portland (OR) and Miami (FL) through comparison with governmental datasets, satellite imagery, and Google Street View, shows that the Bicycle layer in Google Maps can help to identify some missing or erroneously mapped OSM cycling links. However, Google Maps was also found to have some gaps in its data layers, suggesting that consultation of current trail and lane data from local planning authorities, if available, should be considered as an additional data source for bicycle related planning projects. 相似文献
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OpenStreetMap(OSM)的数据由大众自发标报,因而存在大量虚假、低质量的数据,数据清理是OSM数据走向实用的重要前提。可信度被多位研究者提出作为OSM数据质量的评价手段,但目前OSM数据清理的研究工作中很少顾及众源地理信息的可信度,因此,本文提出了顾及可信度的OSM数据清理模型。该模型首先计算出顾及用户信誉的OSM数据的可信度,再对数据按照属性进行分类,根据不同属性的数据可信度分布情况设置该属性数据相应的阈值并进行清理,对低于阈值的数据进行人工检查,高于阈值的数据则筛选出用户信誉与可信度不相等以及新建的数据进行人工检查,最后采用OSM真实历史数据中的线对象进行实验,实验结果表明:该模型能够有效地清理出绝大部分的虚假以及低质量数据。 相似文献
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利用OpenStreetMap数据进行高空间分辨率遥感影像分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对高分辨率遥感影像分类样本标注困难的问题,提出了一种利用OpenStreetMap （OSM）数据自动获取标注样本的方法。与现有的利用OSM数据进行分类的方法不同,该方法加入了空间特征以弥补单独使用光谱特征分类的不足。首先,基于OSM数据提供的地物类别和位置信息进行样本标注,为了降低OSM数据中少量错误信息对分类结果的影响,采用聚类分析的方法对样本进行提纯;其次,使用形态学轮廓来提取影像的结构特征,挖掘高分辨率遥感影像丰富的空间信息,与光谱特征相叠加并输入分类器进行分类。试验证明,本文提出的方法能够有效避免人工样本标注所需要的人力物力;同时,联合影像的光谱空间特征能够更好地描述地物特性,得到较高的分类精度。 相似文献
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OpenStreetMap (OSM) is one of the most popular examples of a Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) project. In the past years it has become a serious alternative source for geodata. Since the quality of OSM data can vary strongly, different aspects have been investigated in several scientific studies. In most cases the data is compared with commercial or administrative datasets which, however, are not always accessible due to the lack of availability, contradictory licensing restrictions or high procurement costs. In this investigation a framework containing more than 25 methods and indicators is presented, allowing OSM quality assessments based solely on the data's history. Without the usage of a reference data set, approximate statements on OSM data quality are possible. For this purpose existing methods are taken up, developed further, and integrated into an extensible open source framework. This enables arbitrarily repeatable intrinsic OSM quality analyses for any part of the world. 相似文献
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道路边界精确提取建模是城市道路管理、智能交通规划和高精度地图制作等领域的重要课题之一。本文提出了一种基于车载激光雷达点云数据和开源街道地图(OSM)的三维道路边界精确提取方法。首先,针对原始车载LiDAR点云数据应用布料模拟滤波分离地面点,再结合相对高程分析获取道路边界点候选数据集。然后,应用OSM矢量道路网数据的节点辅助道路边界点候选点集进行分段。最后,在各分段点云数据集中基于随机抽样一致性算法获得三维道路边界点集。通过直道、弯道及高密度复杂场景3种不同类型的城区道路边界路段分类提取试验。结果表明,利用该方法进行道路边界提取的准确率和召回率分别达96.12%和95.17%,F1值达92.11%,本文方法可用于高精度道路边界的三维精细提取与矢量化,进而为智能交通与无人驾驶导航提供支撑。 相似文献
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The assessment of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data quality has become an interdisciplinary research area over the recent years. The question of whether the OSM road network should be updated through periodic data imports from public domain data, or whether the currency of OSM data should rather rely on more traditional data collection efforts by active contributors, has led to perpetual debates within the OSM community. A US Census TIGER/Line 2005 import into OSM was accomplished in early 2008, which generated a road network foundation for the active community members in the US. In this study we perform a longitudinal analysis of road data for the US by comparing the development of OSM and TIGER/Line data since the initial TIGER/Line import. The analysis is performed for the 50 US states and the District of Columbia, and 70 Urbanized Areas. In almost all tested states and Urbanized Areas, OSM misses roads for motorized traffic when compared with TIGER/Line street data, while significant contributions could be observed in pedestrian related network data in OSM compared with corresponding TIGER/Line data. We conclude that the quality of OSM road data could be improved through new OSM editor tools allowing contributors to trace current TIGER/Line data. 相似文献
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OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a very well known and popular Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) project on the Internet. In January 2013 OSM gained its one millionth registered member. Several studies have shown that only a small percentage of these registered members carry out the large majority of the mapping and map editing work. In this article we discuss results from a social‐network based analysis of seven major cities in OSM in an effort to understand if there is quantitative evidence of interaction and collaboration between OSM members in these areas. Are OSM contributors working on their own to build OSM databases in these cities or is there evidence of collaboration between OSM contributors? We find that in many cases high frequent contributors (“senior mappers”) perform very large amounts of mapping work on their own but do interact (edit/update) contributions from lower frequency contributors. 相似文献
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为了控制和加强原始地理数据的应用质量,Geodatabase数据模型在引入地理要素的关系、行为和规则的同时定义了一系列约束机制对数据的属性域、关系以及拓扑几何关系方面进行约束,无需编码便可减少原始数据在输入、变更等过程中的错误。文章研究Geodatabase模型中的数据质量约束机制,并以道路网数据库的建立为例说明其在数据质量约束中的应用。 相似文献
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The amount of volunteered geographic information (VGI) has increased over the past decade, and several studies have been conducted to evaluate the quality of VGI data. In this study, we evaluate the completeness of the road network in the VGI data set OpenStreetMap (OSM). The evaluation is based on an accurate and efficient network-matching algorithm. The study begins with a comparison of the two main strategies for network matching: segment-based and node-based matching. The comparison shows that the result quality is comparable for the two strategies, but the node-based result is considerably more computationally efficient. Therefore, we improve the accuracy of node-based algorithm by handling topological relationships and detecting patterns of complicated network components. Finally, we conduct a case study on the extended node-based algorithm in which we match OSM to the Swedish National Road Database (NVDB) in Scania, Sweden. The case study reveals that OSM has a completeness of 87% in the urban areas and 69% in the rural areas of Scania. The accuracy of the matching process is approximately 95%. The conclusion is that the extended node-based algorithm is sufficiently accurate and efficient for conducting surveys of the quality of OSM and other VGI road data sets in large geographic regions. 相似文献
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浮动车轨迹数据具有覆盖范围广、更新周期短、获取成本低等特点,对于地图的生产和更新具有重要意义,但是由于受到卫星信号被遮挡及多路径效应的影响,其精度普遍较低。本文采用一种基于OSM作为参考数据的方式对浮动车轨迹数据进行校正。首先通过一种分层时空地图匹配的方式将轨迹数据与OSM进行匹配;然后采用引力模型对数据进行校正;最后在武汉市出租车轨迹数据上进行了试验。结果表明,本文提出的数据校正方法可以有效地提高浮动车轨迹数据的精度。 相似文献
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It is sometimes easy to forget that massive crowdsourced data products such as Wikipedia and OpenStreetMap (OSM) are the sum of individual human efforts stemming from a variety of personal and institutional interests. We present a geovisual analytics tool called Crowd Lens for OpenStreetMap designed to help professional users of OSM make sense of the characteristics of the “crowd” that constructed OSM in specific places. The tool uses small multiple maps to visualize each contributor’s piece of the crowdsourced whole, and links OSM features with the free-form commit messages supplied by their contributors. Crowd Lens allows sorting and filtering contributors by characteristics such as number of contributions, most common language used, and OSM attribute tags applied. We describe the development and evaluation of Crowd Lens, showing how a multiple-stage user-centered design process (including testing by geospatial technology professionals) helped shape the tool’s interface and capabilities. We also present a case study using Crowd Lens to examine cities in six continents. Our findings should assist institutions deliberating OSM’s fitness for use for different applications. Crowd Lens is also potentially informative for researchers studying Internet participation divides and ways that crowdsourced products can be better comprehended with visual analytics methods. 相似文献