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1.
Using the 1980-2010 winter GODAS oceanic assimilations, study is conducted of the winter heat content (HC) established in the subsurface layer (5 to 366 m in depth) over the western Pacific warm pool (WP), followed by investigating the HC spatiotemporal characteristics, persistence and the impacts on the climate anomalies of neighboring regions. Results are as follows: 1) the pattern of integral consistency is uncovered by the leading EOF1 (PC1) mode of HC interannual variability, the year-to-year fluctuation of the time coefficients being well indicative of the interannual anomaly of the WP winter subsurface-layer thermal regime. The HC variation is bound up with ENSO, keeping pronounced autocorrelation during the following two seasons and more, with the persistence being more stable in comparison to SSTA in the equatorial middle eastern Pacific; 2) the winter HC anomalies produce lasting effect on the WP thermal state in the following spring and summer and corresponding changes in the warm water volume lead to the meridional transport and vertical exchange of warm water, which exerts greater impacts upon the sea surface temperature/heat flux over the warm pool per se and neighboring regions, especially in the Philippine Sea during the posterior spring and summer; 3) the increase in the winter HC corresponds to the spring OLR decrease and richer precipitation over the waters east to the Philippine Sea and the resultant convective heating anomalies are responsible for the rise of geopotential isobaric surfaces over tropical and subtropical western North Pacific, thereby producing effect on the western Pacific subtropical high (anomaly). Subsequently, the sea-surface heat flux exchange is intensified in the warm pool, a robust anomalous cyclone shows up at lower levels, air-sea interactions are enhanced and abnormal convective heating occurs, together making the winter HC anomalies even more closely associated with the variation in the summer subtropical high. As a result, the WP winter HC can be used as an effective predictor of the variation in spring/summer western Pacific subtropical high and the strength of summer monsoon over the northwestern Pacific. 相似文献
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Case Study on the Impact of the Vortex in the Easterlies in the Tropical Upper Troposphere on the Western Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 By employing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data （1000-10 hPa, 2.5°×2.5°）, the impact of the vortex in the easterlies （EV） over the tropical upper troposphere on the zonal movement of the western Pacific subtropical anticyclone （WPSA） during 19-25 June 2003 is analyzed in this paper. It is shown that the EV can extend from middle troposphere to the height of 50 hPa, reaching a maximum at 200 hPa. The vertical thermal distribution appears to be ＂warmer in the upper layer and colder in the lower layer＂. The WPSA retreats eastward abnormally when the EV and the vortex in the westerlies （WV） encounter around the same longitude while they move toward each other. It is also shown that the vorticity variation extends from the troposphere to the height of 50 hPa, with the most prominent change occurring at 200 hPa by the diagnostic analyses of the vertical vorticity equation. The WPSA appears to retreat abnormally eastward while the negative/positive vorticity change becomes stronger near the east/west side of the EV, and the areas with positive vorticity tendency both in the EV and WV join together into one belt along 130°E during the process of the EV and the WV moving toward each other. In the vorticity equation, the positive contribution caused by the horizontal advection term is the maximum, and the minimum is caused by theβ effect. It is also found that enhanced horizontal vorticity advection andβ effect, as well as the ＂barotropic development＂ resulted from the in-phase superposition of the southerly and the northerly winds in the easterlies and westerlies near 130~E, are in agreement with the WPSA eastward retreat. 相似文献
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利用自动站观测资料、FY-2G卫星资料和多普勒雷达等资料,对发生在副热带高压影响下的重庆局地强风暴过程进行了观测和数值模拟分析,探讨了其中尺度对流系统(MCS)演变,抬升触发和维持机制。结果表明:(1)在副热带高压影响下,重庆处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定;(2)此次局地风暴抬升触发的关键因子是地面附近浅薄边界层中尺度辐合线,辐合线由川渝盆地中西部MCS的雷暴高压与重庆地面热低压共同作用形成;(3)中尺度辐合线触发的对流风暴形成小范围冷池出流与环境风场形成新的辐合线,加强对流风暴发展,并再次触发新的对流单体。承载层平均风为偏南风,使得对流单体向北缓慢移动,冷池出流和边界层辐合线共同作用使得风暴单体向西向北传播和长时间维持。 相似文献
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Impact of the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific on onset date and process of the South China Sea summer monsoon 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Since the early or late onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon （SCSM） has a large impact on summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia, the mechanism and process of early or late onset of the SCSM are an worthy issue to study. In this paper, the results analyzed by using the observed data show that the onset date and process of the SCSM are closely associated with the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific in spring. When the tropical western Pacific is in a warming state in spring, the western Pacific subtropical high shifts eastward, and twin cyclones are early caused over the Bay of Bengal and Sumatra before the SCSM onset. In this case, the cyclonic circulation located over the Bay of Bengal can be early intensified and become into a strong trough. Thus, the westerly flow and convective activity can be intensified over Sumatra, the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea （SCS） in mid-May. This leads to early onset of the SCSM. In contrast, when the tropical western Pacific is in a cooling state, the western Pacific subtropical high anomalously shifts westward, the twin cyclones located over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean and Sumatra are weakened, and the twin anomaly anticyclones appear over these regions from late April to mid-May. Thus, the westerly flow and convective activity cannot be early intensified over the Indo-China Peninsula and the SCS. Only when the western Pacific subtropical high moves eastward, the weak trough located over the Bay of Bengal can be intensified and become into a strong trough, the strong southwesterly wind and convective activity can be intensified over the Indo-China Peninsula and the SCS in late May. Thus, this leads to late onset of the SCSM. Moreover, in this paper, the influencing mechanism of the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific on the SCSM onset is discussed further from the Walker circulation anomalies in the different thermal states of the tropical western Pacific. 相似文献
5.
热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响 总被引：120，自引：32，他引：120
本文利用１９７８－１９８９年热带西太平洋暖池的表层与次表?层海温、高云量与降水等观测资料分析了热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响。分析结果表明：热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常起着十分重要的作用。当热带西太平洋暖池增暖时，从菲律宾周围经南海到中印半岛上空的对流活动将增强，西太平洋副热带高压的位置偏北，我国江淮流域夏季降水偏少；反之，则菲律宾周围的对流活动减弱，副热带高压偏南，江淮流域的降水偏多，黄河流域的降水偏少，易发生干旱。观测事实还表明，当热带西太平洋暖池上空的对流增强后，从东南亚、经东亚到北美西海岸上空大气环流的异常呈现出一个遥相关型—东亚太平洋型。 相似文献
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西太平洋副热带高压下热对流降水结构特征的个例分析 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
利用热带测雨卫星的测雨雷达和红外辐射计的探测结果,对2003年8月2日15时(北京时)中国东南部副热带高压下发生的热对流降水结构特征、云和降水云之间的关系进行了分析研究。大气背景分析表明,500 hPa副热带高压中心附近的较强上升运动和850 hPa的水汽通量辐合为此次午后热对流降水云团的发生提供了动力和水汽条件。热带测雨卫星的测雨雷达探测结果表明,热对流降水云团的水平尺度多为30~40 km,平均垂直尺度均超过10 km,最高达17.5 km;云团的最大近地面雨强超过50 mm/h。热对流降水云团的平均降水廓线表明,其最大降水率出现在5 km的高度,这一高度比估计的环境大气0℃层高度低1 km。与“98.7.20”中尺度强降水的对流降水廓线比较表明,两者的最大降水率高度相同,但热对流降水云团更深厚;在4 km高度至近地面,热对流的降水率减少速度比“98.7.20”强对流降水的快,表明前者雨滴在下降过程中因气温高而发生强烈蒸发。对降水云团顶部特征与近地面雨强关系的分析结果表明,雨顶高较低时,云顶高度变化范围大;当雨顶越高时,云顶高度与雨顶高度越相近;平均而言,给定地面降水率,云顶高度比雨顶高度高出1~4 km;当近地面雨强越大,则云顶高度和雨顶高度越高、且越相近。结果还表明,非降水云面积约占86%,晴空面积仅占2%,而降雨云面积约为云面积的1/8。 相似文献
7.
夏季副热带行星波动振幅变化与我国极端降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
围绕夏季副热带行星波动的振幅异常,分析其与我国极端降水的关系,并探讨可能的影响机制。结果表明,北半球夏季行星波振幅强、弱年的差异主要表现在北太平洋副高和北大西洋副高的增强,并伴随着欧亚大陆的低压加深,即表现为海陆热力差异的增加和东亚夏季风环流的加强。在振幅强年,极端降水强度在我国北部明显加强,极端降水雨带异常偏北,而我国长江中下游流域极端降水则减弱,弱年则相反。伴随着增强的季风环流,在振幅强年水汽输送到达我国北部明显增强。同时,在大气低层我国绝大部分地区对流不稳定加剧;而在对流层中高层,我国北方地区斜压不稳定加剧,这都有利于振幅强年我国偏北部地区的极端降水偏强 相似文献
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利用NCAR提供的第5代全球大气环流模式CAM3.1探讨了春季西太平洋副热带地区海表面温度对我国江南春雨的影响。数值试验结果表明:春季西太平洋副热带地区海表面温度升高可引起同期东亚—西太平洋副热带纬向海陆热力差异减弱,进而引起3—4月青藏高原东南侧的低涡强度减弱,该低涡与西太平洋副热带高压之间的位势梯度减小,中低纬度西太平洋副热带高压强度减弱,其北侧的850 hPa西南风强度相应减弱,因此西南暖湿气流输送也随之减弱,造成江南地区的水汽通量辐合强度明显减弱,这种环流分布状况将不利于出现较强的江南春雨,导致江南春雨强度明显减小。 相似文献
10.
通过对海温资料和500hPa位势高度、垂直速度、850 hPa的水平风分量资料的分析,探讨ENSO的各不同阶段西太平洋副高和东亚季风的变化特征.结果表明:赤道东太平洋海温与西太平洋副高有密切的关系.Nino 1+2区海温有明显的10年际变化,与西太平洋副高的1O年际变化非常吻合;前期Nino 1+2区为冷、暖水期时西太平洋副高的强度和位置有明显差异,前期为暖水期时夏季西太平洋副高较强,范围向西和向南伸展,冷水期反之,西太平洋副高较弱,位置偏东偏北.西太平洋副高的变化进一步影响东亚季风和我国的降水.这种影响在Nino 1+2区海温变化后4～6个月最明显.因此,前期Nino 1+2区海温的变化可以为东亚季风和我国降水的长期预报提供依据. 相似文献
11.
东亚副热带季风雨带建立特征及其降水性质分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用1961—2006年NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集和TRMM、CMAP多年平均逐候降水资料,分析了中国东部副热带季风雨季的起始时间、建立特征及其降水性质。结果表明,第16—18候,在中国江南南部和华南北部地区(25°30°N)日降水率达到6 mm/d,且范围较大,在低层该雨带的水汽主要来源于西太平洋副热带高压南侧转向的西南水汽输送,其源地即为西太平洋副热带季风雨季开始。雨带建立同时,东亚副热带地区中东太平洋的纬向海平面气压梯度首先在中纬度发生反转,即西低东高(相应于西暖东冷)。中国东部副热带地区出现加热中心并伴有上升运动,强度逐渐增强,并伸展至对流层顶,其强度及对流高度与热带地区相当,对流层中低层大气呈对流不稳定,降水已具有对流性降水性质。与此同时,南海西太平洋地区仍在副热带高压控制之下,盛行下沉运动,无降水产生,南海夏季风及其相应的水汽输送尚未建立。东亚副热带季风雨带的建立(3月底4月初)早于热带夏季风雨带,两雨带分别具有独立的热源中心和上升运动。南海夏季风即将爆发之际,赤道地区加热中心快速北移至南海地区,与副热带地区热源相互作用。 相似文献
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南海季风建立前后珠江三角洲的陆气热量交换与热力边界层结构特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据动力与热力指标,2004和2005年南海季风建立前后可分成明显的4个阶段——季风建立前的雨期、非雨期;季风建立后的活跃期与非活跃期。对2004和2005年南海季风建立前后的广州番禺综合外场观测资料进行分析,得到了这4个阶段陆气热量交换与热力边界层的主要特征:净辐射与净短波辐射的变化趋势基本一致,净短波辐射与净长波辐射之比为3.49—4.81,净短波辐射是净辐射的主要贡献项,云量与降水是控制净短波辐射与净辐射的直接因素;季风活跃期间午间对流云系对太阳辐射衰减显著,造成了辐射各分量以及热通量的峰值区变窄,量值急剧变小;季风建立前后感热与潜热均是净辐射的主要消耗项,占净辐射的90%以上,潜热明显大于感热,2005年较2004年潜热的分配额有明显的增加,其原因可能与近地层的风速较大,总是维持向上的湿度梯度有关;季风建立前后除季风活跃期外边界层位温结构均具有明显的日变化特征,午间混合层可发展至1070m,而季风活跃期间午间混合层发展受到对流云释放潜热的抑制,导致季风活跃期混合层消失的现象,分析还发现季风建立前后各阶段夜间残余混合层均不明显。分析表明引起陆气能量过程及边界层热力结构差异的关键因素之一是云系与降水,加强边界层过程与降水宏微观过程相互作用的研究是深入认识陆气过程与边界层结构特征的关键。 相似文献
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西太平洋暖池对西北太平洋季风槽和台风活动影响过程及其机理的最近研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文回顾和综述了近年来关于西太平洋暖池对西北太平洋热带气旋和台风（TCs）活动影响过程及其机理的研究进展。文中首先简单回顾了近年来关于西太平洋暖池热状态和菲律宾周围对流活动变化特征及其对与TCs活动有关的南海夏季风爆发和西太平洋副热带高压的季节内、年际变异的影响过程和机理的研究;然后,本文系统地回顾了近年来关于西太平洋暖池热状态通过西北太平洋季风槽影响TCs活动年际和年代际变化的影响过程及其机理的研究。此外,文中还指出了关于西太平洋暖池对西北太平洋上空季风槽和TCs活动变异的热力和动力作用需进一步深入研究的科学问题。 相似文献
15.
In this paper, using the daily grid data (2.5 × 2.5) of the ECMWF / WMO, we have computed respectively the three-dimensional wave activity flux in the stages of pre-onset, prevailing and post ending of Meiyu from 1 to 31 July 1982. The potential vorticity field is taken as the physical quantity relating the wave activity flux to the variation of the subtropical high over the Western Pacific. It is found that the three-dimensional wave activity flux is a powerful means for diagnosis of the variation of the subtropical high over the Western Pacific: The region of the subtropical high is just the confluence area of wave energy, whose changes in intensity and range decide the variation of the subtropical high. The confluence of wave energy comes from the monsoon flow in low latitudes, the Meiyu rain belts in middle latitudes and the heating fields on the eastern side of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The relation between these sources and the subtropical high displays the self-adjusting mechanism among member 相似文献
16.
1998年区域性水汽输送及对流活动与副高活动变异的相关特征(英) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
根据1998年NCEP逐日资料和TBB逐日资料,探讨了低纬度对流活动和副高周边水汽输送及其对流活动对夏季西太平洋副热带高压季节性北跳、南撤的影响效应。研究表明:低纬热带对流加强,且110°-150°E地区的南北向垂直经圈环流下沉区北移,夏季西太平洋副热带高压有北跳现象。另外,诊断结果亦表明西太平洋副高周边纬向水汽输送的显著减弱亦预示将出现副高的北跳,而西太平洋地区低纬经向水汽输送减少一候之后,副高南撤。研究结果表明西太平洋副高北跳、南撤与低纬度的对流潜热释放、中纬西太平洋副高周边的水汽输送及其对流活动存在密切的关系。数值模拟结果进一步证实上述副高活动变异与前期水汽输送及其对流特征的相关关系。 相似文献
17.
渤海湾地区碰撞型海风锋天气过程的资料诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用多普勒雷达资料和地面自动站以及再分析资料对近年来7次典型的渤海湾地区碰撞型海风锋天气过程进行了分析。资料分析显示对流系统正面碰撞海风锋时(偏东西向碰撞)得到显著发展,而追赶碰撞海风锋时(偏南北向)则没有明显加强。海风锋移动沿途近地面出现明显的降温和风切变可以帮助判断海风锋的移动位置。高层稳定的偏西风有利于引导对流系统与西进海风锋发生正面碰撞。而低层的风场辐合则有利于碰撞过程中对流运动的发生,同时副高西北侧的水汽输送为降水的形成提供了有利条件。渤海湾地区地形的热力效应形成的低层偏中性层结有利于对流运动的发生,另外,在高空偏西风环境下地形可能对与海风锋碰撞的对流系统的触发或加强有促进作用。 相似文献
18.
鲍名 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(1):28-32
The different effects of anomalous convective activities in the tropical western Pacific on two persistent heavy rain events in South China in 2005 and 2006 have been compared in this study. The dataused consist of NOAA Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data, the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and precipitation from meteorological stations in South China. Results show that the persistent heavy rain in 2005 was related to the 10-25-day westward propagation of convective activities in the tropical western Pacific from about 150 °E. The physical mechanism is interpreted as a Gill-type response of subtropical anticyclone westward extension during weak convective activities period over the Philippine Sea. Our researches also show that the persistent heavy rain in 2006 has longer period than that in 2005, and the subtropical anticyclone persists westward in the earlier summer which is possibly related to the lasting anomalous strong convective motion in the southern branch of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the tropic western Pacific. The anomalous convective activities affect the local Hadley circulation over the western Pacific with anomalous ascending motion south of the equator and anomalous descend motion north of it, in favor of the westward extension of the subtropical anticyclone for a long time. Comparison between the two persistent heavy rain events indicates different physical effects of convective activities in the tropical western Pacific, though both effects are helpful to the subtropical anticyclone westward extension as a common character of large-scale circulation backgrounds for persistent heavy rain events in South China. 相似文献
19.
针对近赤道海温对西太平洋副高影响的复杂性和不确定性问题,引入自适应模糊推理系统方法,系统地分析了西太平洋副高强度对赤道东太平洋、赤道西太平洋和赤道印度洋等海区海温状况和冷暖变化的响应态势和响应程度。研究表明:副高对赤道东太平洋海温的变冷(增暖)过程将出现正距平的增强(减弱)响应,响应幅度随时间减弱(增强);副高对赤道印度洋海温增暖(变冷)的响应态势与对赤道东太平洋海温的响应态势相反,响应幅度远小于赤道东太平洋海温变化的响应幅度;副高对赤道西太平洋海温的增暖急缓表现出不同的响应态势,迅速增暖利于副高衰减,缓慢增暖则利于副高增强,而对于海温的变冷过程则有滞后的增强响应趋势。此外,上述海区的海温冷暖变化幅度和速度是导致副高变异的主要因素,较之海温基本热力状况对副高强度的影响更为显著。 相似文献
20.
利用NCEP/NCAR 1 000～10 hPa 2.5 (×2.5 (的再分析资料,分析了与西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)东西进退相关系的热带对流层上空东风带扰动(简称EV)的结构和演变特征.结果表明:西太副高与其南侧的东风带扰动存在同时西进的过程,当西太副高南、北两侧的东、西风带上的扰动在相向运动中抵达同一经度上时,西太副高出现异常东退.热带对流层上空东风带扰动为中高层天气系统,它从对流层中层伸展到50 hPa高度附近,在200 hPa上表现得最为明显,在热力场上表现出"上暖强下冷弱"的垂直分布特征;在西太副高东退时,东风带扰动东西侧的辐散效应和垂直运动的性质发生了显著变化,东风带扰动中心附近的垂直速度场出现从上升运动到向下下沉运动转化的过程. 相似文献