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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):127-140
Abstract This article provides an analysis of a wetland site in southern Illinois from presettlement to the present. The study area is part of the Cache River-Cypress Creek Wetland, which has international importance, as recognized by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Land-cover data for 1807, 1938, and 1993 were created and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). Land-use change by topographic setting (uplands, transitional, and bottomlands) and soil productivity was quantified and studied. Interviews with local experts informed this analysis. Results illustrate the complexity of environmental change and its driving forces. First, notable forest and swamp acreage was converted to cropland between 1807 and 1938 and, to a lesser degree, from 1938 to 1993. Second, there were land-use variations by topographic region. Between 1807 and 1938, the largest transformation occurred in the uplands, with substantial acreage converted from forest to cropland. Between 1938 and 1993, however, agriculture decreased in the upland areas as hilly areas reverted to forest cover. At the same time, agriculture expanded in the bottomlands as this land was drained for farming. Third, there are interesting patterns within these categories of land-use change, as soil productivity is an indicator of what lands were taken out of cropland and converted back to grassland and forest. 相似文献
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巴西土地利用/覆盖变化时空格局及驱动因素 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)是全球变化研究的热点问题之一。本文采用人机交互方法基于2005 年基准年的Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像修正欧空局GlobalCover 2005 年土地利用数据,进而采用逆时相目视解译法从1980年基准年的Landsat MSS/TM遥感影像数据提取1980-2005 年土地利用/覆盖变化信息,分析其变化的时空格局及驱动因素。结果表明:1980-2005年的25年间,巴西土地利用/覆盖变化面积达79.43万km2,占土地总面积的9.33%。其中,单纯耕地像元面积增加了20.18 万km2;耕地/自然植被镶嵌混合像元区面积增加了10.70 万km2;林地面积减少了53.12 万km2;灌丛与草地净增加21.10 万km2;水体面积增加0.46 万km2;城乡建设用地面积增加7573.87 km2。由此导致热带和亚热带湿润阔叶林生态地理区、热带和亚热带干旱阔叶林生态地理区、热带及亚热带草原生态地理区、草原和沼泽湿地生态地理区、沙漠和旱生植物生态地理区以及红树林生态地理区内分别呈现不同的土地利用/覆盖变化特征。近25 年间,地形地貌、气候、植被等自然地理条件深刻影响着土地利用的宏观格局,而土地利用政策调控、经济及对外贸易发展、人口增加及空间迁移、道路修建等是导致巴西土地利用变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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Over the past few decades, land use and land cover change has become a global concern. In the Lop Buri province of Thailand, rapid land cover change, specifically conversion of forests to agriculture, has occurred. The purpose of the study is to identify the predictors of land cover change in Lop Buri province for land that has been converted to upland crops or has undergone deforestation between 1989 and 2006. Four logistic regression models were constructed using spatially explicit biophysical and geo‐social data, to account for changes to upland crops and forest loss from1989–98 and 1998–2006. Across the four models, slope, distance to forest edge, distance to towns, distance to roads, population size, and population density in various stand‐alone and interactive forms were found to be the most consistent predictors of land cover change. 相似文献
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研究了科尔沁沙地南缘土地覆盖由流动沙地向人工林地、农田及固定沙地等转变后,0~60 cm土层有机碳储量的变化。结果表明：农田土壤有机碳含量增加最明显,为流动沙地的3.97倍且相同层间差异均显著;樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）林地、新疆杨（Populus alba var. pyramidalis）林地、小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）群落土壤有机碳含量较流动沙地分别增加79.78%、138.20%、73.07%,差异主要在0~20 cm土层;围封草地和中度放牧草地分别增加116.85%和133.71%,差异主要在0~40 cm土层;固定沙地比流动沙地增加49.44%,差异主要在0~20 cm土层。土地覆盖类型转变后,由于受到土壤容重的影响,土壤有机碳密度在0~20 cm土层变化较明显。8种土地覆盖类型可分为4组：CL1（农田）、CL2（新疆杨林地、围封草地、中度放牧草地）、CL3（樟子松林地、小叶锦鸡儿群落、固定沙地）和CL4（流动沙地）。另外,土壤有机碳含量和密度在土壤剖面上的分布也随着土地覆盖类型的变化而不同。 相似文献
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The 26 plots including natural forestland, secondary forestland, shrub-grassland, sloping cropland, artificial forest and abandoned field, were selected to discuss the impact of land cover on the soil characteristics in the three karst districts of Chongqing. The results showed that: (1) After the vegetation turned into secondary vegetation or artificial vegetation, or reclamation, soil physical properties would be degraded. In the surface-layer soil of sloping cropland, the contents of > 2 mm water-stable aggregates decreased obviously with apparent sandification. (2) The contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen are controlled completely by vegetation type and land use intensity. The increasing trend is rather slow in the early days when over-reclamation is stopped and the land is converted to forest and pasture. (3) Herbaceous species increase and woody plants species decrease with the increase of land use intensity, therefore, the soil seed banks degrade more seriously. (4) The soil degradation index has been set up to describe the relative soil degradation degree under the conditions of different vegetation types. (5) Land cover has a significant effect on karst soil characteristics, land degradation in the karst ecosystem is essentially characterized by the different degradation of soil functions that serve as water banks, nutrient banks and soil seed banks. 相似文献
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重庆喀斯特地区土地覆被类型对土壤特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1 Introduction The karst region of Southwest China, with Guizhou Province as the center, extends across Yunnan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Chongqing, western Hunan Province, Hubei Province, and Guangdong Province, coveri… 相似文献
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The Koshi River Basin is in the middle of the Himalayas, a tributary of the Ganges River and a very important cross-border watershed. Across the basin there are large changes in altitude, habitat complexity, ecosystem integrity, land cover diversity and regional difference and this area is sensitive to global climate change. Based on Landsat TM images, vegetation mapping, field investigations and 3S technology, we compiled high-precision land cover data for the Koshi River Basin and analyzed current land cover characteristics. We found that from source to downstream, land cover in the Koshi River Basin in 2010 was composed of water body (glacier), bare land, sparse vegetation, grassland, wetland, shrubland, forest, cropland, water body (river or lake) and built-up areas. Among them, grassland, forest, bare land and cropland are the main types, accounting for 25.83%, 21.19%, 19.31% and 15.09% of the basin’s area respectively. The composition and structure of the Koshi River Basin land cover types are different between southern and northern slopes. The north slope is dominated by grassland, bare land and glacier; forest, bare land and glacier are mainly found on northern slopes. Northern slopes contain nearly seven times more grassland than southern slopes; while 97.13% of forest is located on southern slopes. Grassland area on northern slope is 6.67 times than on southern slope. The vertical distribution of major land cover types has obvious zonal characteristics. Land cover types from low to high altitudes are cropland, forest, Shrubland and mixed cropland, grassland, sparse vegetation, bare land and water bodies. These results provide a scientific basis for the study of land use and cover change in a critical region and will inform ecosystem protection, sustainability and management in this and other alpine transboundary basins. 相似文献
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2000—2010年亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化及驱动力分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
土地利用/覆盖变化是全球变化研究的重要问题,而海岸带则是该领域研究的热点区域。以三套土地利用/覆盖数据（MCD12Q1、CCI-LC和GlobeLand30）为基础,采用基于一致性分析和模糊集合理论的数据融合方法,获取2000年和2010年亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖分类信息,进而分析土地利用/覆盖变化特征及驱动因素。结果表明：十年间亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化方式主要以耕地萎缩和林地扩张为主,其次是湿地扩张,再次是草地和裸地萎缩,最后是灌木地和人造地表扩张;土地利用/覆盖类型之间的相互转换面积较小,仅占研究区总面积的4.22%,其中分布面积占优势的变化类型为耕地–林地–草地相互转换、灌木地–裸地相互转换、林地转为湿地以及林地转为灌木地等。地形因素、气候分异等自然驱动力深刻影响着土地利用/覆盖变化的宏观格局,而人口压力增大、经济高速发展、政策的颁布与实施等人文驱动力则是推动十年间亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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Impact of land cover changes and topography on soil quality in the Kasso catchment,Bale Mountains of southeastern Ethiopia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hussein Haycho Warra Mohammed Assen Ahmed Melanie D. Nicolau 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2015,36(3):357-375
This study assessed land cover change and topographic elevation on selected soil quality parameters in the Kasso catchment, southeastern Ethiopia. Twenty‐seven soil samples collected from 0–30cm depth under four land cover types across three elevation gradients were analysed for selected soil quality parameters. Results indicated that soil particle size distribution is different (p<0.001) in the catchment because of the effect of land cover change and elevation. Most cultivated lands occupy lower elevations where clay accumulates as a result of its movement from higher to lower elevations. Ploughing accentuates weathering, making cultivated lands richer in finer materials. Cation exchange capacity and exchangeable magnesium and potassium negatively correlated with elevation, total nitrogen and available phosphorous. Conversion of natural vegetation to cropland contributed to changes in pH (p<0.05), exchangeable calcium (p<0.01), potassium (p<0.001), available phosphorous (p<0.01) and nitrogen (p<0.01) contents. Parameter soil degradation index results showed that soil organic carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium contents declined and bulk density increased because of the land cover change. This negative effect on agricultural development and environmental health of the catchment makes an integrated land resource management approach indispensable for sustaining agricultural productivity and the environmental health of the Kasso catchment. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT. Tropical montane forests are known for their ecological importance. Most montane forests in Ecuador have been converted to agriculture, and those that remain are concentrated on the eastern cordillera. Understanding of land‐use‐land‐cover change in this ecological zone is inadequate. Using remote sensing (Landsat tm, spot ) and fieldwork, we document land‐use‐land‐cover change in two watersheds on Ecuador's eastern cordillera (Cañar Province). During the 1990s the region experienced a 0.58 percent annual rate of deforestation, but two areas within it show active signs of re/afforestation. Although conversion of forest to pasture for cattle grazing continues, human migration to the United States is likely to affect the trajectory of future land‐use‐land‐cover change. 相似文献
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1992-2015年中亚五国土地覆盖与蒸散发变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1991年苏联解体,中亚五国独立使得土地覆盖与蒸散发格局发生深刻变化。以中亚五国为研究区,采用欧空局气候变化项目（CCI）土地覆盖和全球陆地数据同化系统（GLDAS）蒸散发数据,分析1992-2015年土地覆盖与蒸散发时空变化特征,进一步研究耕地蒸散耗水特征。结果表明：① 中亚五国土地覆盖变化具有阶段性特征,耕地扩张引起土地覆盖格局变化。1992-2003年耕地快速增加（1.1万km 2/a）,林地和草地大幅减少。2003-2015年耕地增速趋缓（0.3万km 2/a）,林地和草地有一定恢复,裸地和水体持续减少,城镇用地持续增长。耕地共增加12.3万km 2,林地和草地分别减少4.0万km 2和2.3万km 2,且集中于哈萨克斯坦中北部。裸地减少3.5万km 2,集中于哈萨克斯坦西南部,水体减少3.1万km 2,集中在咸海湖泊。乌兹别克斯坦耕地减少、裸地增加,吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和土库曼斯坦土地覆盖变化幅度较小;② 中亚五国蒸散发变化与土地覆盖格局基本一致。蒸散发总体呈增加态势（6 mm/a）,1992-2003年快速增加（11.3 mm/a）,2003-2015年缓慢上升（2.4 mm/a）。中亚五国年蒸散发达到276.8 mm,东南部的吉尔吉斯斯坦（347.3 mm）和塔吉克斯坦（302.9 mm）最高,中北部的哈萨克斯坦（297.9 mm）次之,西南部的乌兹别克斯坦（211.0 mm）和土库曼斯坦（150.0 mm）最低;③ 中亚五国蒸散耗水结构受耕地面积大小的影响。中亚五国耕地蒸散耗水的贡献由24.7%增至27.9%,土库曼斯坦耕地蒸散耗水仅占本国的11%,其他国家均超过25%。草地、林地和裸地的蒸散耗水贡献降低,但哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦仍以草地和林地蒸散耗水为主（≥ 50%）,土库曼斯坦（61.3%）和乌兹别克斯坦（46.4%）的裸地蒸散耗水占绝对优势。本文明确了中亚五国土地覆盖连续动态变化过程,细化各国土地覆盖与蒸散发特征及差异,增强对土地覆盖与蒸散发现状的认识,可为水土资源管理和生态环境保护提供数据参考。 相似文献
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奈曼旗20世纪80年代以来土地覆盖/利用变化研究 总被引：22，自引：9，他引：13
奈曼旗是我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化最严重的地区之一, 也是中国沙漠化监测和治理的重要地区之一。自20世纪80年代以来开始实行一系列土地整治措施, 土地覆盖/利用发生很大变化。利用1980年和1996年的1: 10万的TM遥感影像及GIS获得的数据, 从土地覆盖/利用结构变化、数量变化、空间景观特征变化以及主要变化过程等方面对其进行了研究。结果表明, 80年代以来奈曼旗耕地与难利用土地大幅减少, 林地和草地大幅增加; 土地覆盖/利用变化的主要过程为: 耕地退耕还草、还林, 难利用土地恢复为草地, 在适宜的草地上植树造林; 景观变得破碎, 土地利用的多样性增强。 相似文献
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21世纪初中国生态退耕的空间格局及黄土高原典型区退耕的生态位适宜性分析(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自1999年我国开始试行以"退耕还林"工程为主的生态退耕以来,到目前已历时十年。特别是进入21世纪,工程实施强度较大,因此从国家尺度上进行宏观生态退耕格局的分析对于评估生态退耕政策和确定未来政策导向具有重要意义。本研究以TM遥感监测的土地利用变化数据库为基础分析2000-2005年生态退耕的时空格局。在此基础上,以黄土高原典型地区陕西中北部为研究区,采用生态位适宜度评价模型探讨了生态退耕工程实施的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)2000-2005年间,生态退耕主要集中在中国中部地区,尤其是在黄河和长江的中上游地区,生态退耕面积与建设占用面积基本持平。在各生态类型区中,黄土高原土壤侵蚀区生态退耕面积最大,达到了1162.50km~2,主要用于还林;(2)整体看来,研究区内生态退耕的空间格局是合理的,即适宜性越差的耕地退耕比例越大。从退耕区域的适宜性水平来看,有77.35%的地区属于勉强适宜区,其中退为林地的面积为603.32km~2,退为草地的面积为528.94km~2。整个研究区内前者大于后者。然而,退耕地中仍有19.38%属于中度适宜区,原因可能来自于退耕指标分配等管理因素,另外,当地农民外出务工从而将中等适宜度的耕地退耕。结果表明,当前仍有大面积不适宜和勉强适宜的耕地存在,在未来工程实施过程区应该首先考虑该类地区。 相似文献
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Ya Luo Shengtian Yang Changsen Zhao Xiaoyan Liu Changming Liu Linna Wu Haigen Zhao Yichi Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):802-814
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that： 1） Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998.2） Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including （a） low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, （b） medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, （c） farmland to other woodland, and （d） farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3） The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 相似文献
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LUO Ya YANG Shengtian ZHAO Changsen LIU Xiaoyan LIU Changming WU Linna ZHAO Haigen ZHANG Yichi 《地理学报》2014,24(5):802-814
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that: 1) Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57% of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998. 2) Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including (a) low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, (b) medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, (c) farmland to other woodland, and (d) farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3) The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 相似文献
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基于黑龙江省1960~2010年的土地利用变化,采用自然正交分解（EOF）、气候倾向率及Observation Minus Reanalysis (OMR)等方法,分析了土地利用变化对黑龙江省气温的影响。研究发现：① 1960~2010年黑龙江省耕地、建设用地、水域面积依次增加,沼泽、草地和林地依次减少。土地利用变化区域性较明显,沼泽转变为耕地集中在东部,草地转为耕地集中分布在黑龙江省西部,沼泽转为林地和林地转为耕地集中在北部,建设用地增加主要集中在南部;② 黑龙江省1960~2010年土地利用变化对年平均气温及各个季节平均气温均产生升高效应,但并不显著,对年气温的影响趋势为0.053℃/10a,贡献率为12.1%;③ 1960~2010年土地利用变化产生气温空间变化异质性,但没有改变气温纬向性空间分布特征;④ 1960~2010年,林地和沼泽的气温影响效应为升温,草地和耕地为降温,但各个季节有所差异,夏季和秋季表现出降温效应,建设用地全年及各个季节均表现出升温效应,冬季最强;林地转耕地、草地转耕地均以升温效应为主,沼泽转耕地为降温效应。 相似文献
19.
江浙沪地区土地利用变化模拟和景观格局分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土地利用／覆被变化对于生态系统多样性和区域生态经济系统可持续性具有深远的影响。本文基于地理信息技术,以江浙沪地区土地利用遥感解译数据为基础,采用景观格局分析法分析了江浙沪地区的景观格局特征;运用CA—Markov模型对江浙沪地区土地利用时空变化进行了模拟。1980-2005年期间,江浙沪地区景观格局变化特征是建设用地增加迅速,耕地集聚减少,建设用地增加主要来自耕地转移,其贡献率达到93．11％。各类斑块类型的破碎度提高;林地和建设用地斑块平均分维数增加,斑块形状趋于复杂,斑块空间分布趋于集中。总体景观破碎度不断提高,景观多样性和景观异质性增加,景观均匀度有所提升：2005年CA—Markov模型模拟结果和遥感解译数据具有高度一致性,Kappa指数达到91％,2010年和2015年模拟结果显示,耕地减少和建设用地增加趋势显著,耕地和林地的减少呈加速状态,建设用地增加的速度降低。未来发展需提高土地利用效率和注重生态格局安全,在提高城市化水平的同时又能兼顾生态保护,以提高区域可持续发展能力。 相似文献
20.
During the past 50 years forests have recolonized extensive areas of Puerto Rico. Between 1950 and 1990 forest cover increased from 9% to 37% of the island's land area. In proportional terms more land has reverted to forest in Puerto Rico than anywhere else on earth during the second half of the twentieth century. This paper explores the geography of this process by matching changes in land cover with the characteristics of the land and communities in Puerto Rico. The reversion of agricultural lands to forest occurred most frequently in humid, upland, coffee‐growing regions characterized by heavy out‐migration and populations of smallholders who earned some of their income from off‐farm sources. These findings suggest that changes in non‐farm labor markets, as well as changes in the political economy of agriculture, have important impacts on the prospects for converting agricultural lands into forests. 相似文献