共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Despite the need of stratigraphers and hydrogeologists for a hydrostratigraphical classification, such widely accepted classification is lacking and was ignored by the 1983 code of the North American Commission on Stratigraphical Nomenclature (NACSN). This study is an attempt to fill this vacuum. A simple and universally applicable hydrostratigraphical classification scheme is introduced here which takes into consideration the physical properties of the rocks, especially porosity and permeability, in addition to other variables such as thickness of the unit and its areal extent.The proposed hydrostratigraphical classification is a hierarchical scheme composed of two types of hydrostratigraphical units: aquizones and aquitards, which differ significantly in their intrinsic permeabilities. Aquizones include five ranks which are named in ascending order: subaquifer, aquifer, superaquifer, aquagroup and aquasystem. The aquifer is the fundamental unit. Aquitards are divided into mini-aquitards, meso-aquitards and mega-aquitards differing in their thicknesses and lateral continuities. Hydrostratigraphical units are easier to recognise on geophysical logs than lithostratigraphical units; they have fewer boundaries and therefore, it is easier for hydrogeologists to identify them.To test the applicability of the proposed classification the Palaeozoic succession of Saudi Arabia has been chosen to illustrate such an application. The stratigraphical interval between the Precambrian Arabian Shield aquifuge below and the Lower Triassic Sudair mega-aquitard above is named here the Najd Aquasystem, whose boundaries largely coincide with those of the Palaeozoic Erathem. The Najd Aquasystem, in turn, is divided into two aquagroups called the Buraydah below and the Widyan above and separated by the 600 m-thick Qusaiba Mega-aquitard.The Buraydah Aquagroup is composed of two superaquifers: the Saq and the overlying Hail, whereas the Widyan Aquagroup is divided into two superaquifers named the Jalamid below and the Rafhah above. Each of these superaquifers is composed of two named aquifers separated from each other by aquitards of different ranks. the hydrogeological characteristics of each aquifer were briefly discussed. 相似文献
2.
在分析矿区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,以冯家塔煤矿1201工作面为例,论述了府谷矿区矿井突水因素,认为大气降水、岩溶水和地表水是矿井充水的主要水源,断层、采煤形成的裂隙带是矿井充水的通道,小煤矿采空区是未来煤矿安全生产的重大隐患。运用突水系数和水文地质实验法,对矿区的突水危险区域进行了评价,指出井田西北部突水系数大于0.6,可能存在突水危险;清水川地堑断裂带内富水性及导水性弱,对煤层开采不会造成威胁。最后提出了加强矿井水文地质勘查、做好矿井涌水量观测等矿井防治水建议。 相似文献
3.
4.
同华煤矿三区小窑积水的防治方案探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地方小煤矿越界开采被关闭后,留下了数万立方米的积水,对下方同华煤矿2132N采面的掘进和回采影响较大。通过矿区水文地质条件的分析,结合小煤矿开采和排水情况的调查,估算积水量为61024m^3,积水底部水压为0．784MPa。经计算,采区K1、K2、K3煤层开采后形成冒落裂隙导水带高度分别为48．4、58．9和48．4m,三层煤开采后的冒落裂隙导水带已导通为一个整体。提出了留设防水煤柱和疏水开采两个方案,从技术、经济和安全性比较,选择了疏水开采方案。 相似文献
5.
胡宝图 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1994,(1)
着重讨论岩溶及隐伏岩溶区内部水文地质带段划分的原则、方法定性定量综合指标。在空间分带的基础上，确定含水层富（透）水性与其顶面埋深标高呈幂函数变化的规律，以及隐伏岩溶区作为供水的最佳勘查地段、深度及范围。 相似文献
6.
The hydrogeological conditions in Uludag (Nilufer River catchment, Bursa, Turkey) were assessed, using time-domain electromagnetic soundings, electrical resistivity and induced polarisation tomography, to detect the most promising zones for new water-well siting, in order to increase the quantity of water for bottling. The hydrogeological model is quite complex: deep mineral and thermal water rises from a main vertical fault which separates two lithological complexes. The highly mineralised (deep) water is naturally mixed with low mineralised water at a shallow depth, 30–40 m; the mixed mineral water is found in some surface springs and shallow wells, while the highly mineralised water is found at depth in some unused deep wells located close to the main fault. All the water points (springs and wells) are located inside a “mineral water belt” on the north side of the Nilufer River. The geophysical survey confirmed the hydrogeological model and highlighted four promising zones for well siting (zones with very low electrical resistivity and high induced polarisation anomalies, corresponding to the main water-bearing faults). One of the geophysical anomalies, the furthest from the exploited sources, was verified by means of a test well; the drilling results have confirmed the water mixing model. 相似文献
7.
Zarif Fardous Slater Lee Mabrouk Mohamed Youssef Ahmed Al-Temamy Ayman Mousa Salah Farag Karam Robinson Judy 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(4):1169-1185
Understanding and developing groundwater resources in arid regions such as El Salloum basin, along the northwestern coast of Egypt, remains a challenging issue. One-dimensional (1D) electrical sounding (ES), two-dimensional (2D) electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), and very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) measurements were used to investigate the hydrogeological framework of El Salloum basin with the aim of determining the potential for extraction of potable water. 1D resistivity sounding models were used to delineate geoelectric sections and water-bearing layers. 2D ERI highlighted decreases in resistivity with depth, attributed to clay-rich limestone combined with seawater intrusion towards the coast. A depth of investigation (DOI) index was used to constrain the information content of the images at depths up to 100 m. The VLF-EM survey identified likely faults/fractured zones across the study area. A combined analysis of the datasets of the 1D ES, 2D ERI, and VLF-EM methods identified potential zones of groundwater, the extent of seawater intrusion, and major hydrogeological structures (fracture zones) in El Salloum basin. The equivalent geologic layers suggest that the main aquifer in the basin is the fractured chalky limestone middle Miocene) south of the coastal plain of the study area. Sites likely to provide significant volumes of potable water were identified based on relatively high resistivity and thickness of laterally extensive layers. The most promising locations for drilling productive wells are in the south and southeastern parts of the region, where the potential for potable groundwater increases substantially.
相似文献8.
9.
L. M. Ferreira Gomes F. J. Afonso De Albuquerque H. Fresco 《Engineering Geology》2001,60(1-4):341-345
This paper presents a case study of the protection areas of one of the Portugal's most important spas. According to its chemical composition this thermal mineral water is rich in bicarbonate, sodium, carbonate, fluor and sulfate. The therapeutic indications are mainly illnesses related to rheumatism and respiratory system. As a complement the thermal mineral water is also used for geothermal purposes, as in the heating of greenhouses for the production of Bananas and Ananas. The study presents geological and hydrogeological characterization of the area and its vulnerability to pollution and the physical and chemical characterization of the thermal mineral water. Finally, in accordance with the Portuguese legislation, the protection areas are defined: for immediate, intermediate and distant zones. The criteria and other aspects that led to their definition are also presented. 相似文献
10.
Bore holes were drilled in the Senonian limestone of the Hedils-Jalta area (northern Tunisia) in order to determine their potential as an aquifer. Structural, tectonic and hydrogeologic data compilation shows the discrimination of productive and not productive zones. Differential hydraulic productivity was recognised with four distinct productive geological zones separated by a sterile corridor trending NW–SE. The structure consists of two compressional dihedrons, limited by two conjugate strike-slip faults, trending NNE–SSW and nearly E–W. The reduction of the (1) potential reservoir, (2) the low hydraulic productivity of the central band, (3) the torsion of the fold axis in eccentric arcs on both sides of the compressive relay and (4) the differential hydrogeological zonation are all related to the distribution of stress in the interference zone between conjugate strike-slip faults and to the reorientation of the stress field in their vicinity. This study constitutes a main database in establishing strategies for groundwater exploration in the similar zones. 相似文献
11.
Define a protected buffer zone for Ismailia Canal, Egypt using Geographic Information Systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kamal O. Ghodeif Mohamed O. Arnous Mohamed H. Geriesh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(1):43-53
Ismailia Canal is the principle source of drinking water supply to Suez Canal and Sinai governorates. However, Ismailia Canal is endangered from unwise activities in the surrounding environment. Drinking water resources protection can be implemented using land-use monitoring system or through land-use controls based on hydrogeologic mapping to study the impacts of development on water quality. Our approach is to protect the direct and indirect catchment areas for surface water supply, especially the sensitive areas, those that are more vulnerable to contamination than other areas. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques are applied to construct and integrate the hydrogeological data, inventory for potential sources of contamination and mapping the sensitive areas in order to construct the a protected buffer zone for Ismailia Canal, and to constrain the development activities in all the surrounding areas of surface water supply. The sensitive areas are delineated, where extra protection is required, based on soils properties, geology, and specific hydrogeological criteria. Industrial areas, drains, and septic tanks in the surrounding villages are the common potential sources of contamination. The hydrologic relation between Ismailia Canal and groundwater has great variations. Comprehensive plan for water protection were composed. It includes maintaining three natural protection zones of at least 300-m width along the main course of the Canal and delineating vulnerable zones depending on the aerial extension of the sensitive areas within 10 km on both sides of the Canal. Specific protection measures are recommended over the sensitive areas. The natural ecosystems of swamps around Ismailia Canal should be conserved and the processes of continuous burial prevented. 相似文献
12.
酒西盆地水动力学特征与油气运移聚集 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
酒西盆地可分为二大水文地质旋回,即白垩纪水文地质旋回和新生代水文地质旋回.每个旋回分为二个阶段,即沉积压实水流阶段和重力渗入水流阶段.水动力场、水化学场表明盆地南部油气富集带处于新生代水文地质旋回沉积压实水流的停滞泄水区,而北部单斜带处于重力渗入水流阶段.为了定量分析沉积压实水动力状况,本文提出了一种简便方法,即求解地上水均衡方程,可得出不同时期沉积水动力场特征.计算结果表明,白垩系原生油藏位于水动力场特定部位:高水头区中的低水头区、水头陡急变化带即停滞泄水区. 相似文献
13.
结合邻区矿井开采数据,对井田内地形地貌、构造、地表水以及地下水等水文地质特征进行分析研究,认为井田水文地质条件简单,地表水、老窑水对矿井开采影响不大,断层导水性弱,渗透途径为冒落裂隙带;矿井初期开采煤层时直接充水水源为长兴组、大隆组等岩溶裂隙水、龙潭组砂岩裂隙水,其次为老窑积水,充水通道为冒落裂隙带;中后期开采时,直接充水水源为大气降水以及河流、溪沟水。由于峨眉山玄岩的阻隔,茅口组强含水层对矿井开采没有影响。 相似文献
14.
Gong Zizhen Li Zhaolin Zhang Zhigan Institute of Karst Geology Ministry of Geology Mineral Resources Guilin GuangxiFu Liqun Zuo Baolin The First Hydrogeological Party Ministry of Coal Industry Handan Hebei 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,68(3):311-327
Isotope hydrogeological study has shown that the water supply exploration area in the Lu' an coal mine may be divided into four zones of hydrodynamic conditions and the Xin'ancun Spring Basin where the mine is located may be divided into three Middle Ordovician karst water systems. This paper discusses the features of recharge, runoff and discharge of karst water in various zones, and hydrogeological parameters such as the age, flow rate and natural recharge of karst water have been estimated. 相似文献
15.
矿床水文地质勘查类型划分是进行矿床水文地质勘查重要环节,是做好和优化勘查设计的主要依据。根据我国煤炭矿山经过几十年的开采,特别是近十几年来大规模开采,煤矿水文地质条件发生了较大变化,现行规范划分方案在实际应用中不基础上,结合《煤矿防治水规定》,提出了矿床水文地质勘查类型划分的新方案：类分孔隙充水矿床、裂隙充水矿床、岩溶充水矿床、老空水充水矿床、地表水充水矿床和复合式充水矿床6个;亚类分顶板充水、底板充分水、周边充水和组合式充水4个;型分水文地质条件简单、中等、复杂和极复杂4个。 相似文献
16.
Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method) 总被引：42，自引：12，他引：30
Groundwater resources from karst aquifers play a major role in the water supply in karst areas in the world, such as in Switzerland.
Defining groundwater protection zones in karst environment is frequently not founded on a solid hydrogeological basis. Protection
zones are often inadequate and as a result they may be ineffective. In order to improve this situation, the Federal Office
for Environment, Forests and Landscape with the Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey contracted the Centre of
Hydrogeology of the Neuchatel University to develop a new groundwater protection-zones strategy in karst environment. This
approach is based on the vulnerability mapping of the catchment areas of water supplies provided by springs or boreholes.
Vulnerability is here defined as the intrinsic geological and hydrogeological characteristics which determine the sensitivity
of groundwater to contamination by human activities. The EPIK method is a multi-attribute method for vulnerability mapping
which takes into consideration the specific hydrogeological behaviour of karst aquifers. EPIK is based on a conceptual model
of karst hydrological systems, which suggests considering four karst aquifer attributes: (1) Epikarst, (2) Protective cover,
(3) Infiltration conditions and (4) Karst network development. Each of these four attributes is subdivided into classes which
are mapped over the whole water catchment. The attributes and their classes are then weighted. Attribute maps are overlain
in order to obtain a final vulnerability map. From the vulnerability map, the groundwater protection zones are defined precisely.
This method was applied at several sites in Switzerland where agriculture contamination problems have frequently occurred.
These applications resulted in recommend new boundaries for the karst water supplies protection-zones.
Received: 27 October 1997 · Accepted: 4 July 1998 相似文献
17.
C4Z—G-05孔为某铁路高黎贡山隧道工程勘察钻孔,钻孔深度1075．5m。钻探过程中分别在孔深288～400m和611～724m穿过落差大于100m的断裂构造破碎带,并出现涌水及漏水现象,施工难度大,水文地质试验难以进行。据此,采取了合理的施工顺序,并根据钻进时的机械设备及钻进情况及时调控钻进参数;针对不同的地层,选用不同的泥浆类型,从而顺利的完成了该孔钻探工作。在水文地质试验中,对松散层潜水,采取了抽水试验,对两个断裂带,适时的运用观测涌水量和压力水头及涌水试验的方法,并选择适宜的计算公式,较好的完成了该孔的水文地质参数的计算工作．取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
18.
通过对矿区含、隔水层及断层带水文地质特征的分析和井下水文地质现象的观测,认为目前矿井开采煤层较浅,以二1煤顶板直接含水层充水为主,水量不大;但随采掘的延深,煤层下伏的太原组灰岩和奥灰含水层,会在断层的影响下,与其它含水层发生水力联系,对矿井开采形成威胁。根据对矿井充水因素的分析结果,指出目前矿井的充水强度不大,充水通道主要为断层带,在开拓-800m水平时,应注意构造破坏或隔水层薄弱地段,此地段有可能出现奥灰水突入矿井的危险。为防止矿井突水,提出了建立健全地下水观测系统,加强井下钻探和物探工作,重视邻近矿井老窿水监测等矿井水害防治工作建议。 相似文献
19.
双鸭山矿区矿井充水规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据双鸭山矿区的水文地质条件及多年生产实践资料(矿井涌水量与其相关因素——地貌、采掘深度、回采面积、巷道长度、岩性、构造、降雨的关系),阐述了矿区充水的一般规律,提出了含水砂层覆盖下采区进行水文地质勘探的重点及开采含水砂层覆盖下煤炭资源的主要防治水措施,对同类水文地质条件矿井开采煤炭资源具有可借鉴意义。 相似文献
20.
An integrated survey program involving geological, hydrogeological and geophysical techniques has been employed to characterize the aquifer geometry, recharge and circulation dynamics of thermal springs within a shallow aquifer system in Ethiopia. The selected springs for the case study are Sodere and Gergedi, which are situated within the tectonically active Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). Geologically, the studied springs are located on Plio-Quaternary volcanic rocks. The geophysical results indicate the presence of subsurface weak zones represented by extensional tectonics and weathering zones which are responsible for thermal water circulation and facilitate recharge from the adjacent surface-water bodies. The structures inferred by the resistivity survey, both sounding and electrical tomography, present contrasts in rock resistivity response. The anomalous zones in the magnetic data are in good agreement with the zones that are revealed by geological mapping and surface manifestation of the thermal water discharge zones. The shallow aquifer of the central MER is under the influence of thermal water, which increases the groundwater temperature and mineral content. 相似文献