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本文介绍了根据反射地震数据进行波速成象的一种方法,其基础为多种反演技术的综合。由于要求的波速图象C（x,z）具有间断性,除利用走时数据T（x,t）外,在地层比较水平的情况下,还利用了均方根速度V（x,t）和统计子波W（t）的数据来成象。计算机层析成象过程分为三步:首先重做速度分析,取得与初次反射走时一致的均方根速度数据;然后用反射走时与均方根速度联合反演对应分析道的层速度和界面深度;最后由联合反演结果和反射面走时求波速图象函数的数字化版。文中还给出了波速成象方法在我国西北某沉积盆地上的应用及验证结果。 相似文献
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地震走时层析成像是反演地层各向异性参数分布的有效方法,但是关于地震各向异性介质走时层析成像的研究并不多,其技术远远没有达到成熟的阶段.在野外数据采集时,地表反射波观测方式相对井间和垂直地震剖面观测方式的成本更低,利用qP反射波走时反演各向异性参数具有更加广泛的实用价值.本文实现的TI介质地震走时层析成像方法结合了TI介质反射波射线追踪算法、走时扰动方程和非线性共轭梯度算法,它可以对任意强度的TI介质模型进行反演,文中尝试利用qP反射波走时重建TI介质模型的参数图像.利用qP反射波对层状介质模型和块状异常体模型进行走时反演,由于qP波相速度对弹性模量参数和Thomsen参数的偏微分不同,所以可以分别反演弹性模量参数和Thomsen参数.数值模拟结果表明:利用qP反射波可以反演出TI介质模型的弹性模量参数与Thomsen参数,不同模型的走时迭代反演达到了较好的收敛效果,与各向同性介质走时反演结果相比较,各向异性介质走时反演结果具有较好的识别能力. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》1990,(2)
多数井间地震走时层析成象法是将震源到接收器间的射线路径近似为直线,但这只有当研究区域速度变化较小时才有效.实际上许多地区都可观测到速度变化达到10—20%以上,引起显著的射线弯曲.虽然在研究井间成象问题时有人已考虑到这一非线性效应.但多数结果并不令人满意.本文提出一种二维射线追踪的迭代反演方法并成功地应用于野外实测数据. 本方法是先进行迭代射线追踪然后来修改速度模型.每次迭代都把在当前模型中经射线追踪计算得到的理论走时与观测走时之差通过线性方程组与未知的速度扰动联系起来,并通过阻尼最小二乘法求出用来修改模型的速度扰动.迭代一直进行到理论走时与观测资料拟合到给定误差,或走时拟合无法再改进时为止.理论模拟表明本方法经几次迭代后就可收敛到正确解. 利用这一方法处理了结晶岩地区的实测井间地震实验数据.地震波的频率范围是1—6.6 kHz,允许的分辨率为几米.得到的速度图象与其它地质和地球物理资料十分吻合.根据求解的速度模型计算出的马斯洛夫(Maslov)理论地震图与实际波形图相当一致,这也有力地验证了本反演方法的有效性. 相似文献
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地震波走时残差的层析成象反演是目前用于推测地球内部结构的一种被确认的和广泛使用的技术.该反演程序是以解线性代数方程中大型稀硫的拒形系统为结果;实际上可以是几十个或甚至几十万个联立方程.这篇文章将Hestenes和Stiefel的经典共耗样度算法运用于走时残差方程的大型稀疏系统求得最小二乘解'共抚梯度法快速而精确,并且容易利用拒阵的稀疏性.处理稀硫拒阵所必项的一些技术在附文中作了概述.另外,本葬法的结果与被广泛采用的层析成象反演算法的两种井法的结果作了比较. 相似文献
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近地表速度结构通常是利用射线走时层析或菲涅尔体走时层析等反演方法得到的,但它们的目标函数仍利用射线走时残差构建,导致反演精度不高.为此,本文提出了基于散射积分算法的初至波相位走时层析成像方法.该方法的核心是:(1)提出了依赖于频率的相位走时概念;(2)利用依赖于频率的相位走时信息,而非单一的无限频率射线走时;(3)发展了一种改进的相位展开方法,即通过监测相位不连续性和2π周期判定来消除相位折叠现象;(4)考虑了地震波传播的有限频特征,即基于波动理论而非传统的射线路径或有限空间的菲涅尔体构建核函数.通过利用Overthrust模型的数值实验及与传统射线走时层析和菲涅尔体走时层析的对比表明:本文提出的方法是一种有效的初至波走时反演方法.同时,基于Overthrust模型的数值试验还证明了下列结论,即通过挖掘更多的走时信息的确可以获得更高的反演精度和分辨率. 相似文献
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地面资料全波形反演采用低波数回折波敏感核和高波数偏移等时线恢复地下模型的长波长和短波长分量.当回折波的穿透深度有限时,很容易陷入局部极值.波动方程反射波走时反演采用反射波的透射敏感核更新速度模型.当浅层速度存在较大误差时,仍无法得到满意的反演结果.VSP资料中直达波是一种透射波,穿透深度大,可用于井旁背景速度场建模.本文发展了针对VSP观测方式的波动方程走时联合反演(直达波和反射波)方法.采用全局优化参数反演法实现VSP上下行波和纵横波分离,构建了基于下行直达波和上行反射波走时残差的混合目标函数,推导了相应的伴随状态方程和梯度公式,给出了背景速度和反射系数分步反演流程.理论和实际VSP资料应用表明：直达波和反射波走时联合反演可以得到运动学特征精确的速度模型,为后续全波形反演提供可靠的初始模型;联合反演比单独直达波/反射波走时反演的精度高,比直达波和反射波走时级联反演的耗时少. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》1989,(3)
本文提出了由地震折射波初至走时确定二维速度结构的一种迭代层析成象反演方法。该方法适宜源检距密于常规剖面的折射剖面,反演方法基于线性化问题的迭代解,可用来确定连续变化的速度和亚水平(Subhorizontal)介面的几何形状。每次迭代中,都用试射法,进行两点射线追踪以构成线性方程组。速度场用速度梯度为常数的三角单元的速度来确定,射线路径可解析计算。根据正问题的各别的线性化公式,考虑了两种不同的反演方法。用线性化走时-速度雅可比行列武反演比用类似于普通级数展开法的慢度公式得到的结果要好。有关分辨率的实例表明,由于射线几何特性、分辨率随深度而下降,引起了水平模糊以及源- 相似文献
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地震走时层析成像方法是解决复杂近地表模型速度建模问题的重要技术.该方法是一种迭代反演方法,在反演过程中需要反复计算地震射线走时.故而,高效高精度且能适应复杂模型的走时计算方法是地震走时层析成像实用化的关键技术之一.本文引入医学成像领域研究的MSFM(Multi-stencils Fast Marching Methods)用于地震层析反演中的走时计算.该方法在标准FMM(Fast Marching Methods)基础上利用坐标旋转生成新的FMM计算模板,使计算网格点对角方向邻点参与计算,改善了标准FMM存在对角方向误差大的缺陷.本文分析对比了MSFM和标准FMM的计算精度和计算效率;针对地震层析成像技术解决的起伏地表模型建模问题,研究了起伏地表模型地震走时计算的MSFM实现方法;采用炮点邻近区域局部细分网格技术只需增加很少的计算量即可大幅提高计算精度.理论分析和模型试算表明MSFM算法明显改善了FMM的计算精度,同时保持了FMM算法的高效性.文章通过对崎岖地表模型的正演和层析反演试算,验证了基于MSFM的地震走时计算方法对复杂模型有很强的适应能力.研究表明该方法作为地震走时层析反演中高效高精度的正演算法,有很好的应用价值. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study 相似文献
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JianCheng Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2281-2282
正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases 相似文献
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Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC. 相似文献