共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
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1981年作者在四川石棉矿广元堡采区发现一种产于含棉蛇纹岩中的深绿色板条状(似粗纤维状)的蛇纹石,经化学分析、X射线衍射、电镜分析等确定为羟基Povlen型的纤蛇纹石。Povlen型纤蛇纹石由Krstanovlc等根据它的电子显微象为板条状形态特征而命名,并在第三届国际石棉会议上被确认为新的结构类型。它的晶体结构已为E.J.W.Whittaker 相似文献
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茫崖石棉矿是我国大型超基性岩型温石棉矿床。温石棉作为一种矿物在宏观上可以是纤维状的,也可以是非纤维状的。但是,作为工业矿物的温石棉都是呈纤维状的。作者对茫崖温石棉进行了纤维X光照相,揭示了其结构特征,鉴定了温石棉的多型,测定了温石棉2M_(c1)和20_(rc1)的含量百分比,在个别样品中发现有极少量的副温石棉,一些样品中发现有Povlen型温石棉,这是在我国的温石棉纤维中首次找到Povlen型温石棉。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1988,(4)
蛇纹石矿物学及性能测试江绍英主编,地质出版社,1937,326P这是有关蛇纹石石棉的基础矿物学、近代矿物学、应用矿物学的专著,也是对蛇纹石族矿物进行系列矿物学研究的成果。作者将他们近年来采集的约1000个样石进行折光率、化学分析、X 射线衍射分析、电子显微象、电子衍射、光吸收谱、晶体场理论解释、穆氏谱、电子顺磁共振谱、核磁共振谱测试,以及蛇纹石石棉物理性能测试(包括抗拉强度、弹性模量、 相似文献
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Asbestos and other fibrous minerals contained in the serpentinites of the Gimigliano-Mount Reventino Unit (Calabria,S-Italy) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Andrea Bloise Teresa Critelli Manuela Catalano Carmine Apollaro Domenico Miriello Alessandro Croce Eugenio Barrese Francesca Liberi Eugenio Piluso Caterina Rinaudo Elena Belluso 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3773-3786
Serpentinites are metamorphic rocks with good technological properties and valuable ornamental characteristics, which have been exploited since ancient times. Actually, their use is limited and monitored in several countries worldwide because they can contain fibrous asbestos minerals that may be carcinogenic. Furthermore, certain types of fibrous minerals can be confused with asbestos, and must therefore be carefully investigated. We have investigated the possible presence of the asbestos and non-asbestos fibrous phases contained in serpentinitic rocks in a meta-ophiolitic sequence from the Gimigliano-Mount Reventino Unit (Southern Italy), which had not been previously assessed. The detection and quantification of asbestos and the correct distinction of the fibrous non-asbestos minerals are very important not only from a scientific point of view, but also from a legislative one. This is especially the case for the administrative agencies that have to take decisions with regards to the implementation of public and occupational health protection measures (e.g., in road yards and quarry excavations). As a consequence of this, serpentinitic rock samples have been characterized in detail through X-ray powder diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectrometry, analytical electron microscopy (SEM–EDS and TEM–AEM), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Two kinds of asbestos and four kinds of non-asbestos fibrous silicates have been detected in the examined samples. In order of decreasing abundance these are polygonal serpentine, chrysotile, fibrous antigorite, tremolite, gedrite and magnesiohornblende. The size, morphology, crystallinity and chemical composition of the fibres were also discussed, in the light of the possible role these properties could play in the carcinogenic effect on human health. 相似文献
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温石棉是一种安全性存在争议的石棉,合理可行并且能够真实反映其暴露致病过程的染毒方法对深入研究其致病机理有着重要意义。本文采用多次非暴露式气管滴注的染毒方法对雄性Wistar大鼠分别进行不同浓度温石棉悬液的染毒,在染毒1、3和6个月后记录体重和肺脏器系数,观察肺组织大体及苏木素-伊红(HE)染色的病理形态,对支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞总数进行分类计数,并测定总蛋白(TP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的含量。结果表明,多次滴注的方式大鼠死亡率较低,并且每次滴注后能够苏醒的大鼠没有死亡发生;随着四川新康温石棉染毒时间的延长和染毒剂量增加,大鼠体重增长缓慢,肺脏器系数升高,肺大体出现水肿、肉芽肿、萎缩实质化,HE染色观察则表现为炎性细胞增多、肺泡结构遭到破坏以及出现纤维化;随着染毒时间的延长,支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的白细胞总数、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞百分比呈上升趋势,巨噬细胞百分比呈下降趋势,TP、LDH、ACP和AKP均表现为上升的趋势,并呈现一定的剂量-效应关系。综上所述,多次非暴露式气管滴注方法可用于模拟温石棉慢性暴露的致病过程,四川新康温石棉可以通过破坏巨噬细胞、肺泡上皮细胞及肺泡上皮-毛细血管屏障造成大鼠的肺损伤。 相似文献
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Folco Giacomini Vittorio Boerio Simona Polattini Massimo Tiepolo Riccardo Tribuzio Alberto Zanetti 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(8):1621-1639
This work is part of the project study for a road tunnel bypassing the town of Genova and was aimed at evaluating the amount of asbestos fibres in the metaophiolites belonging to the Voltri Group and the Sestri–Voltaggio Zone (Liguria, Northern Italy). The 85 studied rock samples (mainly mafic and ultramafic rocks) derive from exposed outcrops and prospecting boreholes. The study of field relations and petrographic/microtextural investigations under the optical microscope allowed for the identification and characterisation of asbestos-bearing settings and lithotypes. Mineralogy and concentration of asbestos fibres in powdered specimens were determined by means of a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy device. These investigations were combined with petrography on thin-section, X-ray diffraction analysis and phase contrast optical microscopy on rock powders. Mafic and ultramafic rocks commonly contain asbestos in concentrations below 1,000 mg/kg (considered as the contamination threshold under Italian law). However, the fibre concentration rises abruptly within localised zones, where the metaophiolite sequences were involved into late ductile to brittle tectono-metamorphic events. Two groups of asbestos-bearing settings have been so far identified in the area: (a) fracture networks within serpentinites (dominated by fibrous chrysotile), and (b) boudins of chlorite-tremolite schists, likely deriving from dynamic recrystallisation of mafic rocks under greenschist facies conditions (dominated by fibrous amphibole). Even considering the low volumetric incidence of these settings (metres to few tens of metres), their high asbestos content locally controls the total fibre amount in the excavation products, thus requiring special prevention measures during excavation, management and final storage of the contaminated debris. 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
The flake-like basic magnesium carbonate was prepared from the ammonium sulfate leaching liquid of asbestos tailings. The method of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, TA-DTG and SEM analysis had been used to research the influence of the reaction temperature on the phase, structure and morphology of the product during the preparation of the basic magnesium carbonate. The results indicates that the product was needle-like magnesium carbonate hydrate at the lower reaction temperature (from 35 ℃ to 65℃), with the increase of the reaction temperature (75 ℃ to 95 ℃ ), the needle-like magnesium carbonate hydrate (MgCO3·xH2O) transformed to flake-like basic magnesium carbonate [Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O], the reaction temperature plays an important role in the preparation of flake-like basic magnesium carbonate, the preparation of flake-like basic magnesium carbonate was a nucleation-dissolution-recrystallization growth mechanism process. 相似文献
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Asbestos has been identified at fifty-five locations in the bedrock of the northern New Jersey area. Most occurrences are
confined to (1) The Precambrian rocks of the New Jersey Highlands, particularly the marbles; (2) the Paleozoic serpentinites
of Staten Island, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey; and (3) the Mesozoic basaltic rocks of the Newark Basin. Chrysotile and
tremolite asbestos are present in local concentrations in the marbles. In the most extensive exposure of the marble, the Franklin
band, traces of tremolite-actinolite asbestos are commonly present. Crocidolite asbestos occurs in localized areas associated
with fracture systems in Precambrian pegmatites and associated rocks. The Paleozoic serpentinites contain chrysotile asbestos
as a major component in deformed zones. Megascopic chrysotile and anthophyllite asbestos veins occur locally in the serpentinites.
Actinolite asbestos occurs in the Mesozoic basaltic rocks of the Newark Basin.
Potential environmental problems associated with asbestosbearing bedrock include production and use of rock products containing
asbestos, introduction of asbestos into environments surrounding excavations, and asbestos contamination of soils and water
supplies. 相似文献
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Bradley S. Van Gosen 《中国地质》2010,37(3):704-711
20世纪,越来越多的证据使人们意识到,吸入含石棉的灰尘会使从事与石棉有关的几种职业(如石棉采矿、造船和石棉产品组装)的工人患上几种严重的呼吸道疾病(石棉沉着病,肺癌和mesotheliuma)。为此已经制定了若干规定,以控制工人们在特殊的制造、采矿和其他工作地点与石棉尘埃的接触。比较间接的是控制和管理"天然产生的石棉"(NOA),这一问题近年来也引起了管理机构、健康机构和居民团体的注意。NOA包括在自然状态下原地找到的被描述为石棉的矿物,例如在基岩或土壤中的这种矿物。NOA之所以引起关注,是因为如果含石棉的岩石受到自然侵蚀或人类活动(例如修路、城市开挖、农业、采矿、压碎和碾磨)的影响,就有可能暴露并变成空中尘埃的微小纤维。天然石棉矿床的规模差异很大,从薄的四散的细脉一直到大的矿体。它们的地理分布与地质条件直接有关。石棉产出的地质背景是含镁丰富的主岩,这些岩石受到低压低温的变质作用蚀变而成。已知的容矿主岩包括变质的和已被交代的超基性岩(尤其是蛇纹岩)、一些基性火成岩、变质白云岩和变质的铁建造。石棉形状的角闪石在几种热液蚀变型的碱性火成侵入体中也能作为副矿物存在。石棉形成于可预见和可鉴别的地质环境。这种认识是一种信息,而这种信息使公众健康机构可以执行有情报根据的屏蔽和管理规划。第一步是在区域的或国家规模的尺度上确定和描述已知的(报道过的)石棉矿床。第二步是对容纳已知石棉矿的单位进行填图,以划定可能的其他石棉矿化的范围。这种地质研究使有关机构对遇到石棉的可能性做出规划,而尽量节省在不太可能遇到石棉矿的地区的管理费用。对石棉地质条件的认识可以事先应用于岩石和土壤的挖掘项目,而不管挖掘的规模有多大。这种对石棉管理的科学探索能有助于缓解对挖掘所发现的自然石棉矿床的连续不断地做出反应。因此,通过对很可能含有石棉矿床的地区做填图,规划者可开发出一些控制尘埃的程序,这些程序适用于工人和附近居民最容易暴露于空气携带的石棉的地区。 相似文献