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1.
洛川黄土-红粘土序列铁氧化物组成及其古气候指示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对洛川黄土、古土壤和红粘土中磁性矿物组成、成因和相关系进行了研究。结果表明:黄土磁性矿物以风尘磁铁矿为主,少量的成土赤铁矿和成土磁赤铁矿;古土壤磁性矿物以成土磁赤铁矿为主,成土赤铁矿次之,少量的风尘磁铁矿和赤铁矿;红粘土磁性矿物以成土赤铁矿为主,风尘磁铁矿和成土磁赤铁矿次之,少量风尘赤铁矿。黄土、古土壤和红粘土磁性矿物组成差异,反映了其形成期不同的古气候特性以及不同气候条件下生物地球化学作用强度的差异。干冷的冰期,黄土弱成土作用形成了以粗颗粒的风尘磁铁矿核 赤铁矿边的磁化率载体。间冰期的温暖湿润的古气候最有利于生物活动,强烈生物活动导致古土壤中大量纳米超细磁赤铁矿/磁铁矿产生,形成以磁赤铁矿为主,风尘磁铁矿核 赤铁矿边为辅的磁化率载体。红粘土成壤期,强降雨强蒸发的长干短湿的高温炎热的古气候使得红粘土化学风化强烈,生物地球化学活动较弱,形成以磁铁矿核 赤铁矿边和磁赤铁矿核 赤铁矿边的磁化率载体。黄土、古土壤和红粘土磁性矿物组成、磁性矿物相关系是其形成期独特的古气候指示。 相似文献
2.
Longjiang Mao Duowen Mo Minglin Li Kunshu Zhou Jinghong Yang Weimin Guo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(8):1609-1617
To identify the weathering intensity and to deduce the provenance of sediments (black-brown soil and loess) from the loess
tableland in the Liyang Plain is of great importance for understanding the development and origin of civilization of this
critical region in China. The geochemical results show similar REE distribution patterns among sediments sampled from the
YC profile in the Liyang Plain, reticulated red soils from the Dongting lake area, Xiashu loess in Zhenjiang, and loess from
the Loess Plateau in China. These similarities imply a single provenance, from dust storms. REEs, especially the LREE/HREE
ratio and Eu anomaly, can trace weathering intensity. Higher LREE/HREE ratios, and remarkably Eu anomalies, are present in
the top loess (L0), Lower LREE/HREE ratios and insignificant Eu anomalies are present in black-brown soil (S0*) from the Liyang Plain. These demonstrate that the black-brown soils have undergone a lower intensity of weathering than
the loess of YC profile. Moreover, CIA values for sediments from the YC profile provide powerful evidence to support the above
result. Comparisons of analyses of the REE contents of sediments from the YC profile, of reticulated red soils from the Dongting
Lake area, Xiashu loess from the Yangtze River, and loess from the Loess Plateau, clearly show the weathering intensity decreases
according to the following sequence: reticulated red soil from the Dongting Lake area > sediments of YC profile from the Liyang
Plain, which formed from dust storms ≈ Xiashu loess from lower reach of the Yangtze River > loess from the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
3.
粉尘的搬运与堆积过程,理论上是不同粒径的岩屑与矿屑颗粒被风力分选并依次沉降的过程,而元素在不同粒级的岩屑与矿屑的富集程度有所差异;因此,对岩屑与矿屑颗粒分选,在一定程度上是对地球化学元素的分选。因此,基于元素地球化学对黄土粉尘示踪研究中,单一节点或(和)剖面均不具有对粉尘源区的严格代表性,通过比较单一节点或剖面的元素地球化学而进行物源示踪的方法往往存在较大的不确定性。本文通过对中亚热带赣北鄱阳湖地区芙蓉-周溪一带的风沙-粉尘堆积体系常量和微量元素的多维度统计分析,发现地球化学元素及其元素对均存在系统性的分选与分异特点。稳定元素(如Al、Ti、Zr、Nb、Lu、Hf、Ta)及其元素对随距物源区的远近呈现线性、指数或对数等的单向变化特点,其变化幅度在沉积体系中可达31%~42%;在二维和三维散点图中其元素对的投影轨迹,是一个有方向的线状或者带状区域。这表明,风沙-粉尘堆积体系内元素地球化学从上风向到下风向是单调变化的,传统上基于元素地球化学的黄土粉尘物源示踪,通过判断投影区域的远近而进行示踪分析,在理论上有一定缺陷。初步建议,未来的元素地球化学示踪应避免单一剖面元素示踪的方法,而应根据粉尘堆积体系的分布情况系统采样,通过揭示粉尘堆积体系元素地球化学的系统特征来开展基于地球化学元素的黄土粉尘物源示踪研究。 相似文献
4.
丰宁滦河上游的河谷地带有多处黄土堆积,由于该地区黄土分布零星、厚度较小,在以往的研究中却很少引起人们的关注,然而该地区黄土堆积是河北坝上地区环境演化和气候变化的重要地质记录.为了探讨该地区黄土的成因、物源以及化学风化强度,选取代表性的黄土-古土壤剖面77个样品进行了常量元素分析,并与已知典型风成堆积物的地球化学元素特征进行对比.结果表明:(1) 丰宁剖面的主要常量元素(SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3)之和以及UCC(Upper Continental Crust)标准化曲线均与典型风成堆积物具有较好的相似性, 表明丰宁黄土和古土壤为风成成因;(2) 丰宁黄土处于初等化学风化阶段,古土壤则进入了中等化学风化阶段.与典型风成堆积物相比,化学风化强度序列为:宣城风成红土＞＞西峰红黏土、镇江下蜀土＞丰宁古土壤、洛川古土壤＞洛川黄土＞丰宁黄土;(3) 常量元素迁移特征表明丰宁黄土和古土壤的化学风化已完成了早期去Na、Ca阶段,并进入到了中期去K阶段;(4) 丰宁黄土、古土壤的K2O/Al2O3和Fe2O3/Al2O3比值与洛川黄土、洛川古土壤、镇江下蜀土、西峰红黏土较为接近,表明这些风成堆积物可能具有相似的源区.而TiO2/Al2O3比值小于其他风成堆积物, 指示丰宁剖面具有其他物源. 相似文献
5.
加积型红土是中国南方第四纪环境变化研究的重要陆相载体,其沉积母质显示风成特性,后期经历较强的化学风化。为了明确加积型红土的物质来源,并减弱风化效应对其物源信息的影响,本文提取了庐山北麓JL红土剖面(厚18.46 m)部分样品的粉砂组分(4~63 μm),分析其元素地球化学特征,并通过元素比值及物源判别指数等方法讨论其蕴含的物源信息。结果显示:1)粉砂粒级化学组成中SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3三者的含量可达84.29%,K2O、Na2O、CaO和MgO四者含量仅1.30%,与全岩相比SiO2含量增高,Al2O3和Fe2O3含量明显降低,风化指数CIA值(74.02%)明显低于全岩样品(85.00%);微量元素中,粉砂粒级相对全岩Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Cr、La等含量降低,Y、Zr含量则略高。2)Na2O/Al2O3与K2O/Al2O3及Na2O/K2O与CIA的散点图中,粉砂粒级样点间的集聚程度明显降低,暗示风化效应在一定程度上被削弱。此外以洛川黄土和长江河漫滩沉积物为端元的物源指数计算表明,全岩样品消除粒级效应后的物源指数(PIw)与粉砂粒级物源指数(PIfs)吻合度较好,进一步验证了粉砂粒级地球化学特征在削弱风化效应方面的有效性。3)JL剖面上部黄棕色土的PIfs值为0.45,物源上更接近北方黄土,剖面中下部的网纹红土PIfs值为0.57,物源更接近长江沉积物。结合TiO2/Al2O3、Zr/Y、Hf/Ti等元素比值,JL剖面自下而上近源物质的贡献略有减少,远源物质的贡献则趋于增加,这可能意味着晚第四纪以来东亚冬季风不断增强的过程。 相似文献
6.
中国黄土和阿拉斯加黄土磁化率气候记录的两种模式探讨 总被引：29，自引：16，他引：29
在中国和中欧黄土-古土壤研究中发现的磁化率与成壤作用(或古气候温湿程度)的正相关性已被第四纪科学家广泛认识,并应用于古气候研究中.成壤过程形成的亚铁磁性矿物被认为是古土壤磁化率增加的主要原因;然而,这一模式并不一定适用于其他黄土沉积地区,如阿拉斯加和西伯利亚黄土沉积显示了一个完全相反的磁化率行为,即在黄土层获高磁化率值而在古土壤层获低磁化率.这种相反的关系过去被解释为磁化率反映的是与风动力吹来的亚铁磁性矿物的含量,即与风速或风力大小有关.本研究发现阿拉斯加黄土与古土壤的磁性矿物性质有明显差异,不仅仅是粒径的大小,还有磁性矿物的种类即矿物相的差别.这一证据很难单纯以风力强度的大小来解释,意味着阿拉斯加古土壤的低磁化率至少部分是在成壤过程中亚铁磁性矿物发生改变(如溶解)而造成,表明阿拉斯加黄土和中国黄土的磁化率与古气候记录可能存在两种模式,即氧化和还原条件下的成土模式.黄土磁化率在不同的气候(温度湿度)条件下有着不同的对应关系:在低降水量、高蒸发量的干旱氧化成壤条件下,利于亚铁磁性矿物的生成,其磁化率与古气候的关系呈正相关,如中国和中亚黄土;在高纬高湿的还原成壤条件下,亚铁磁性矿物会被破坏被分解,其磁化率与古气候呈负相关关系,如阿拉斯加黄土.如果成壤条件在氧化和还原之间来回变换,那么就很难找到两者之间的联系.因此,将磁化率应用于古气候的重建时要加倍的小心. 相似文献
7.
The geochemical characteristics of an approximately 6‐m‐long sediment core collected from the Jeongokri archaeological site (Hantan River, Korea) were examined to determine the provenance of the sediments and to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment of the study area during the Late Pleistocene (200–127 ka). The core sediments were subdivided into two parts based on grain size: an upper (0–380 cm depth) and lower part (>380 cm depth). The lower part was deposited primarily by fluvial processes during an interglacial period [marine isotope stage (MIS) 7] with warm and humid conditions. Conversely, the upper part was mainly deposited by aeolian processes during a cold and dry glacial period (MIS 6). Geochemical characteristics, represented by major, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions, and textures of the Jeongokri core sediments show distinct differences between the upper and lower parts. The mineralogy and major, trace and REE compositions indicate that the influence of felsic source rocks (e.g. granite) was dominant in the lower sediments, which were derived from the Hantan River. In contrast, increased quartz content and the very fine and homogeneous grain size in the upper sediments indicate an aeolian origin. REE ratios and distribution patterns, and geochemical signatures indicate that these sediments were derived predominantly from Chinese loess deposits and partially from local sediments from the Korean Peninsula; the possible source area of the upper sediments is the northern part of the Yellow Sea basin. The Yellow Sea basin, having mixed geochemical signatures between Chinese loess and Korean‐derived sediments, was exposed because of low sea levels during MIS 6. The exposed Yellow Sea basin was located in the path of winter‐monsoon winds, which may have carried a great deal of airborne sediments from the basin to the Jeongokri area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
广元恐龙化石埋藏地是四川盆地中侏罗世重要的恐龙化石点,恐龙化石埋藏于中侏罗统沙溪庙组之中。笔者对该恐龙化石埋藏地沙溪庙组泥质岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征进行了研究,并根据泥质岩的地球化学特征讨论了物源区性质、构造背景以及物源区的风化特征。主量元素和稀土元素表明其物源区以长英质岩石为主,构造背景为被动大陆边缘:指示化学风化程度的CIA指数及成分成熟度的ICV指数,表明物源区经历了中等的化学风化作用,反映了中侏罗世恐龙生活在半干旱的古气候环境之中。 相似文献
9.
This paper made an end-member analysis of particle size data collected from 150 samples based on the continuous Holocene Loess-Paleosol profile (Yaohecun profile) in east Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wavelet analysis was also performed for the EMs along the time scale of depth.The result shows that three end members can be separated from different sediment particle sizes. Based on comparative analysis of magnetic susceptibility and geochemical index, it was considered that the End-member 1 might indicate the weathering and pedogenic remoulding after sediment deposition under the east Asian summer monsoon. The End-member 2 might indicate dynamic effect of dust storm accumulation under the influence of northwest monsoon, representing typical component characteristics of aeolian loess.The End-member 3 indicated the stronger transporting force for coarse components, which should belong to the northeasterly winds for the coarse-grained near-source sediments from the Yellow River flood plain. Results of wavelet analysis show that each EM has different periodic characteristics at 1.5 ka, 3.0 ka and 4.5 ka scales.The End-element analysis method has a good effect in indicating the sedimentary environment and provenance characteristics of sediments. The combination characteristics of each End-member can reflect the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics combination and can well reflect the Holocene dynamic change course. At the same time, it hasreference significance to reconstruct the paleoclimate on the longer time scale.The wavelet analysis method provides significant results in terms of inversion cycles and trends of dynamics change of sedimentary particle size within each EM. 相似文献
10.
Junhuai Yang Dunsheng Xia Fuyuan Gao Shuyuan Wang Zixuan Chen Jia Jia Shengli Yang Zhiyong Ling 《地球科学进展》1986,35(8):863-877
The Yarlung Zangbo River is located in the southern Tibetan Plateau. Loess since the geological history and modern aeolian sand dunes are widely developed in the basin, bearing rich information on the aeolian processes and environmental evolution. In this work, we reviewed the main research progress of aeolian deposits in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin in recent years, and discussed the distribution characteristics, accumulation age, sediment characteristics and provenance and the possible formation mechanism of aeolian deposits and the history of aeolian activity. The results show that loess is mainly developed on the river’s terraces and some of the hilltops, and mostly formed since the last glacial maximum and mainly developed since Marine Isotope Stage 1 (about 14 ka BP), while aeolian sand deposit is mainly developed in the river’s wide valley, with relatively short accumulation time. The sediment particles mainly underwent mechanical transport and physical weathering, but chemical weathering was weak. Although the physical and chemical properties of sediments show some spatial changes, there still exist obvious local characteristics, which are closely related to the nearby surface sediments. Under the background of aeolian source, the local-source genesis of loess is generally recognized. The surface loose material at the bottom of valley is main material source of aeolian deposits. The evolution of aeolian activity is relatively complex. In addition to the regional climate change, the local environment is also an important factor affecting the aeolian activity and its regional difference. Based on the previous studies, we suggest that the systematic study on the physical and chemical properties of aeolian sediments, climate change since the Holocene and the impact of dust emission on human living environment should be strengthened in the future research. 相似文献
11.
Grain size characteristics and genesis of the Muxing loess in the Muling-Xingkai Plain,Northeast China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Cheng Zhong-shuang Su Chen Zheng Zhao-xian Li Zhuang Wang Li-kang Wang En-bao 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(2):152-160
Thick loess is deposited on the platform in the piedmont zone of Muling-Xingkai Plain(Muxing Plain), but the genesis of the Muxing loess is still unclear. The aims of this study are to analyze the grain size characteristics of Muxing loess collected from the cores of a typical borehole(ZK1) in the piedmont zone of Muxing Plain, and to verify its genesis. The Muxing loess is mainly composed of the particles with diameter less than 50 μm, with an average content of 92.48%. The coarse silt particles with diameter of 10-50 μm are the basic composition of aeolian sediments, and their average content is 44.34% for the Muxing loess, which is the mode class among the particles with different diameters. The grain size parameters and frequency curves are similar to those of the typical aeolian sediments. The distribution characteristic of the Muxing loess in the C-M scatter diagram is consistent with that of the Xi Feng loess. In addition, the discriminant analysis shows the Muxing loess mostly consists of aeolian sediments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Muxing loess mainly resulted from aeolian deposition based on the grain size characteristics. Muxing Plain is dominated by the monsoon climate, and the wind-blown dusts are gradually deposited after being transported over long distances. 相似文献
12.
最直观、最直接的古气候记录莫过于陆相黄土地层,它由许多黄土和古土壤层叠覆而成,详细地记录了第四纪以来的古气候变化。黄土高原中部黄土和古土壤的风化和发育程度可以用磁学参数,如磁化率等来描述。本文作者对甘肃西峰剖面约13万年以来的黄土地层做了详细采样,测量其磁滞回线各参数,频率磁化率、低场和高场磁化率、温度磁化率、磁组构等参数。研究表明,黄土与古土壤中的磁性矿物组分相似而且稳定。磁铁矿、赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿(主要是磁铁矿)的含量及其颗粒大小决定了它们的磁学特征。黄土和古土壤的磁学性质差别主要受成土过程中形成细小磁铁矿的影响。 相似文献
13.
The total rare-earth element values(ΣREE)of loess in the Xinjiang region vary over a range of 128-200 ppm ,with an average of 153ppm .The average REE content of loess lies between the earth‘s crust (155ppm) and sedimentary rocks(151ppm).The Xinjiang loess,with the REE distribu-tion patterns characterized by negative slopes ,is rich in the Ce-family elements, and has a distribu-tion pattern characteristic of sedimentary rocks.The North Xinjiang loess is relatively depleted in Tb,but rich in Yb and Lu.The South Xinjiang loess is relatively rich in light rare-earth elements.This is full proof that the Xinjiang loess comes partly from weathered materials(clay rock,sandstone)in the region studied.The REE distribution patterns in the Xinjiang loess are similar to those in the precipitated dust and Aeolian sand,indicating the same material source.The REE distribution pat-terns in the Xinjiang loess are also similar to those in loess from the middle Yellow River Valley,China and Taskent,the former USSR.This implies that loesses of the three locations(Xinjiang,the mid-dle Yellow River Valley and Taskent) come from a common material source.But the REE patterns in the Xinjiang loess are different from those in wall rocks (volcanic rock,K-bearing volcanic rock).Generally ,LREE/HREE,Eu/Eu* and Ce/Ce* ratios reflect the features of parent materials of loess,indicating that the parent rocks were probably in the early stage of alkaline weathering and the weathered materials existed in an oxidation environment with basic mediums under arid-climatic conditions before transport.As a result,the migration ability of the REE is weak. 相似文献
14.
Geochemistry of soils of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica: Implications for pedogenesis in cold polar regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fine fractions of soils on the Barton Peninsula, King George Island, West Antarctica have been forming during the last 6000 yr since the last deglaciation. Texturally, they are mostly composed of mineral and rock fragments with some volcanic ashes, which are also indicated by geochemical compositions representing for the nonclay silicate minerals and low values of chemical index of alteration. No significant changes are observed in major- and trace element abundances. Such geochemical characteristics suggest that chemical weathering of bedrocks on the Barton Peninsula seems insignificant and that the soils are composed of physically weathered mineral and rock fragments which are mixed with eolian additions of volcanic ashes and Patagonian dusts. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of the Barton Peninsula soils are slightly different from those of bedrocks, indicating that the REE abundances and characteristics were influenced by eolian additions. Mixing calculations, which mass-balance the REEs, suggest that volcanic ashes blown from Deception Island were the major eolian contributor, followed by atmospheric dusts sourced from Patagonia, South America. Even in the warmer and humid climatic conditions in the maritime Antarctic region, the chemical weathering of bedrocks appears to be insignificant, probably due to the relatively short duration of weathering since the last deglaciation. 相似文献
15.
16.
Geochemical and isotopic studies of aeolian sediments in China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The Sr and Nd isotopic, rare earth element (REE) and major element compositions, together with mineral and grain‐size proportions, are reported for aeolian loess deposits and desert sands from several Chinese localities. The study was carried out in order to examine regional variations in the isotopic and geochemical features of these aeolian sediments, and to constrain the provenance of Chinese loess. Samples include loesses from the Tarim and Junggar basins and desert sands from the Taklimakan desert in north‐west China, loess from the Ordos area and desert sands from the Tengger and Mu‐us deserts in north‐central China, as well as loess and desert sands from the Naiman area, north‐east China. REE distributions show minimal variation among the Chinese loess deposits, whereas those for the desert sands show regional variations. New isotopic data document a latitudinal variation in Sr and Nd isotopic features for the loesses and desert sands. The Naiman and Junggar loesses have distinctly lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios and higher εNd(0) values than the loesses from the Tarim Basin, the Ordos area and the Loess Plateau. Among the desert sands, the Naiman samples have higher εNd(0) values than the Taklimakan, Tengger and Mu‐us samples. Isotopic data suggest that loesses of the Loess Plateau were supplied from the Tarim Basin loesses and Taklimakan Desert sand, and that the Naiman loesses were supplied from the Junggar Basin loesses. The latitudinal variation in the loesses and desert sands may be partly explained by isotopic variations reported previously for moraines from the Tianshan and west Kunlun Mountains, which are possible sources for the loesses and desert sands. These inferences on the provenance of the loesses and desert sands are consistent with the dust transport pattern over East Asia. 相似文献
17.
地表松散沉积物中不同粒级的颗粒蕴含着不同的信息,这种差异与其物质来源、搬运和沉积过程中的分选作用以及沉积后的风化作用等有关。因此,可根据沉积物中不同粒级颗粒地球化学特征与矿物组成的差异,进行沉积物物源追踪或沉积环境重建。选择青藏高原在气候和地貌方面具有典型意义的柴达木盆地、错那湖、雅鲁藏布江流域作为研究区,分别采集了这几个地区的沙丘沙、黄土、湖积物、冲积物、洪积物、残坡积物等地表松散沉积物样品,用干筛法将沉积物样品分为两个部分,粗颗粒部分粒径范围为≥75~500 μm,细颗粒部分粒径<75 μm。对上述粗、细颗粒分别进行稀土与微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素、轻矿物组成的实验室分析测试,并对沉积物中粗、细颗粒的测试结果采用古典多维尺度方法进行相似性分析。结果表明：青藏高原松散沉积物中粗、细颗粒在轻矿物组成、微量和稀土元素含量、稀土特征、元素参数等方面存在差异;细颗粒部分蕴含了更多的环境信息,富含容易受化学风化影响的黏土矿物以及硬度较小、容易被磨蚀的方解石等矿物。在物源示踪中不同气候区的沉积物细颗粒不宜进行直接比较,应根据样品的粒度分布情况优先选择合适的粗颗粒组分进行物源示踪。 相似文献
18.
Marion Ferrat Dominik J. Weiss Stanislav Strekopytov Hongyun Chen Youbin Sun Ryuji Tada 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(21):6374-6399
The Asian Monsoon forms an important part of the earth’s climate system, yet our understanding of the past interactions between its different sub-systems, the East Asian and Indian monsoons, and between monsoonal winds and other prevailing wind currents such as the Westerly jet, is limited, particularly in central Asia. This in turn affects our ability to develop climate models capable of accurately predicting future changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and monsoon intensities in Asia. Provenance studies of mineral dust deposited in terrestrial settings such as peat bogs can address this problem directly, by offering the possibility to examine past deposition rates and wind direction, and hence reconstruct past atmospheric circulation patterns. However, such studies are challenged by several issues, most importantly the identification of proxies that unambiguously distinguish between the different potential dust sources and that are independent of particle size. In addition, a single analytical method that is suitable for sample preparation of both dust source (i.e. desert sand, soil) and receptor (i.e. dust archive such as peat or soil profiles) material is desirable in order to minimize error propagation derived from the experimental and analytical work. Here, an improved geochemical framework of provenance tracers to study atmospheric circulation patterns and palaeomonsoon variability in central Asia is provided, by combining for the first time mineralogical as well as major and trace elemental (Sc, Y, Th and the rare earth elements) information on Chinese (central Chinese loess plateau, northern Qaidam basin and Taklamakan, Badain Juran and Tengger deserts), Indian (Thar desert) and Tibetan (eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau) dust sources.Quartz, feldspars and clay minerals are the major constituents of all studied sources, with highly variable calcite contents reflected in the CaO concentrations. Chinese and Tibetan dust sources are enriched in middle REE relative to the upper continental crust and average shale but the Thar desert has a REE signature distinctly different from all other dust sources. There are significant differences in major, trace and REE compositions between the coarse and fine fractions of the surface sands, with the finest <4 μm fraction enriched in Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MgO and K2O and the <32 μm fractions in Sc, Y, Th and the REE relative to the coarse fractions. The <4 μm fraction best represents the bulk REE geochemistry of the samples. The provenance tracers Y/∑REE, La/Er, La/Gd, Gd/Er, La/Yb, Y/Tb, Y/La, Y/Nd and to a certain extent the europium anomaly Eu/Eu∗ (all REE normalized to post-Archean Australian shale, PAAS) are particle size-independent tracers, of which combinations of Y/∑REE, La/Yb, Y/Tb, Y/La and Eu/Eu∗ can be used to distinguish the Thar desert, the Chinese deserts, the Chinese loess plateau and the Tibetan soils. Their independence upon grain size means that these tracers can be applied to the long-range provenance tracing of Asian dust even when only bulk samples are available in the source region. Combinations of La/Th, Y/Tb, Y/∑REE, Sc/La and Y/Er distinguish the Tibetan soils from the Chinese loess plateau and the Chinese deserts. La/Th and notably Th/∑REE isolate the signature of the Badain Juran desert and the combination of Sc/La and Y/Er that of the Taklamakan desert. The similarity in all trace and REE-based provenance tracers between the northern Qaidam basin and Tengger desert suggests that these two deposits may have a common aeolian source. 相似文献
19.
Aeolian origin of the red earth in southeast China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A clay‐like deposit known as ‘red earth’ is widely distributed over the terraces and high lands of the Yangtze River valley in southeast China. Its typical pedo‐stratigraphical features have attracted the interest of pedologists and geologists for many years, although its origin is still debated. Here we report an analyses of the grain‐size distributions, rare‐earth element (REE) patterns and upper continental crust (UCC)‐normalised major elemental composition of the red earth and compare them with those of the loess and other aeolian deposits in northern China. The results show that the red earth in southeast China has two or three end‐member grain‐size distributions, similar to the sedimentary characteristics and geochemical composition of aeolian deposits found in northern China. Together with other evidence from field observations, these results suggest that the red earth is probably of aeolian origin. On the basis of these data, we suggest that thick aeolian dusts were also deposited in the wet subtropics and that the effect of the winter monsoonal winds upon the dust transport in eastern China was more important than previously believed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Bone apatite acts as a natural, timed sampling device, scavenging trace elements from local pore waters over timescales of ca. 1-50 ka. The rare earth element (REE) and U/Th composition of fossil bones reflects associated pore water compositions during the period of recrystallisation. The REE composition of fossil bones is controlled by partitioning of REE between pore waters and particle surfaces, and the REE composition of fossil bones reflects the REE composition of pore waters which vary spatially and temporally. Light REE are preferentially sorped onto particle surfaces, thus the high La/Yb values seen in many bones from coastal marine and aeolian environments are best explained by release of REE from light REE-enriched particles to local pore waters and subsequent immobilisation in recrystallising bones. The REE compositions of bones recovered from pedogenically altered diatomite sediments of the Olorgesailie Formation of southern Kenya vary over spatial scales of less than 10 m. Location accounts for 48% of the observed variation in bone chemistry and bones recovered from eight discrete excavations within the same time-equivalent stratigraphic layer can be assigned to their excavation location with >70% accuracy based on a discriminant analysis of REE, U, and Th composition. Despite this within-layer variation, bones recovered from different stratigraphic horizons within the Olorgesailie Formation can also be distinguished on the basis of their trace element composition. Bones recovered from four stratigraphic horizons spanning ca. 0.5 million years were assigned to their correct stratigraphic layer with >90% accuracy. Where sedimentological conditions are favourable, the trace element composition of fossil bone may be used to test stratigraphic provenance and burial location in excavated bone with a temporal resolution of <10 ka and a spatial resolution of <10 m. The trace element composition of fossil bone may also be used to investigate the accumulation history of vertebrate assemblages and to reconstruct pore water variability across land surfaces. 相似文献