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1.
We investigate the constraints on and forms of business change and how these shape collective dynamics in batik-producing districts in Indonesia. Conceptually, this paper argues the need to incorporate insights regarding the constraints on, forms of change and segmentation of small businesses with those relating to the collective dynamics of industry agglomerations and the possibilities for policy to effect joint action. We examined 89 batik businesses surveyed across four districts in Surakarta and Pekalongan, Central Java. Overall, the picture we find is one of constraint, modest forms of change and weariness of the effects that policy can have on collective dynamics. In the face of much diminished batik industry agglomerations in both cities, we find little evidence of differences in growth patterns and constraints according to location or industry segment. 相似文献
2.
在城市区域化下,基本农田保护区（农保）成为都市区生态保育的重要空间载体及划定城市增长边界依据。以广州市白云区为例,以镇和行政村为基本空间单元,研究了1997年以来基本农田保护区空间演变过程,并构建指标体系,建立不同产权主体农保转用的数理模型,揭示农保政策对不同主体管制的差异及其影响因素。研究发现：① 广州都市边缘区农保被大量转用,并以转为集体建设用地为主;② 农保政策对不同主体的空间管制效果差异较大,可分为管制有效型、集体转用失效型、国有转用失效型三种类型;③ 国有转用主要位于镇区周边,是城镇化所需代价,集体转用主要分布于靠近城市中心而远离镇区的村庄;④ 区位及村庄对非农经济收入的追求是农地集体转用的主要原因,而社会变迁因素影响并不显著。总之,基本农田制度对政府的管制有效,对集体则失效,说明了对基本农田的保护不仅需要划定刚性的物理边界,还需协调集体产权所有者的利益。 相似文献
3.
China’s rapid urbanization has created large scale of population migration, resulting in many villages being dominated by “left-behind” women, and weak governance of those collectively owned resources. The situation has required these women to take up the functions of decision-making and governance as a remedial mechanism as well as a new path. Based on a case study in a typical hollowing-out village in central China, this paper explores an example of left-behind women’s collective action to prevent the over-exploitation of community and resources. It finds out that although traditionally excluded from public activities and marginalized, the “left-behind” women were able to mobilize and enhance collective action. When empowered, they are growing fast with endurance and courage, and as capable as anyone of defending the common-pool resources. It suggests that the left-behind women offer a new governance option for those population hollowing out rural areas. 相似文献
4.
Linda Stalker Prokopy Nathan Mullendore Kathryn Brasier Kristin Floress 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(11):1177-1191
While much has been written about the benefits of collaborative watershed management to address nonpoint source pollution and other water quality concerns in the United States, few scholars have addressed the catalytic nature of events that generate these collective action responses. Further, because equivalent catalyst events in different communities do not always lead to collective action, it is critical to understand the interaction between a community's baseline conditions and the catalyst events that lead to collective action. This article presents a conceptual framework that illustrates the relationship between baseline conditions and events that lead to collective action. In this article a theoretical typology of catalyst events is presented that includes both intentional and nonintentional types of events. Understanding these types of catalyst events can help water quality advocates create and/or seize opportunities to nurture a collective action. This article concludes with a call for future research into catalyst events. 相似文献
5.
本文以微观社会学取径的经验研究，将行动者的集体行动意义与认同的建构，纳入创新氛围的理论框架中，以指出创新氛围的综效，乃是涉及认同建构的集体性的创新行动，与历史积累性，偶发性与矛盾的动态互动中，产生系统内部缝隙与外部技术的开放性接合的结果。 相似文献
6.
从新文化地理学重构人文地理学的研究框架 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
指出TerryG Jordan等人在“Thehumanmosaic”一书中所提出的、并被国内人文地理教科书所采用的分析框架仍然属于传统人文地理学的分析框架 ,偏重于文化生态学和文化景观学派。而deBlij等人在“Humangeography :culture ,society ,andspace”第 6版教科书中所出示的框架图 ,显示出人文地理学研究问题和思路的新变化。新文化地理学的发展使人文地理学研究框架的重构问题突显出来。作者尝试将传统人文地理学和新文化地理学结合 ,利用 5个复数概念 :属性 (attributes)、空间 (spaces)、时间 (times)、方法 (approaches)和世界(worlds) ,构建了ASTAW框架。该概念框架的排列组合关系 ,可用以指导人文地理学问题的建构和研究路径 ,丰富以往人文地理学的内容体系 ,具有相应的时代应用价值。 相似文献
7.
Summary This paper considers the relationship between the Irish language and ethnic identities in Northern Ireland. It suggests that the language is more than a relic feature of the cultural landscape, that it transcends traditional religious and political divisions, and is a vital component of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. However, it is a shared inheritance that needs careful nurturing, through a more comprehensive and integrated approach to language planning and policy formulation. 相似文献
8.
Amy Risley 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(4):421-435
This article analyzes the collective action frames used by members of Chilean nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) while engaging in policy advocacy. The focus is a large-scale dam project along the Bío Bío River that generated controversy for more than a decade due to its impact on the environment and indigenous communities. It is argued that the environmental advocates’ reliance on certain frames hindered their ability to influence policymaking. They framed the neoliberal model as “pathologically” growth centered, unjust, and destructive. Additionally, advocates were besieged by counter frames portraying them as foes of modernization. Though compelling, the groups’ frames set them on a collision course with the policymaking establishment. In contrast, members of groups advocating for children used more effective discursive strategies and achieved a greater presence in policy debates. These arguments are supported with qualitative data collected primarily through interviews with NGO members, textual analysis of their documents, and news content analysis. 相似文献
9.
Policy Boosterism,Policy Mobilities,and the Extrospective City 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Eugene McCann 《Urban geography》2013,34(1):5-29
Abstract This study develops the notion of “policy boosterism,” a subset of traditional branding and marketing activities that involves the active promotion of locally developed and/or locally successful policies, programs, or practices across wider geographical fields as well as to broader communities of interested peers. It is argued that policy boosterism is (1) an important element of how urban policy actors engage with global communities of professional peers and with local residents, and (2) a useful concept with which to interrogate and understand how policies and policy knowledge are mobilized among cities. A conceptualization of policy boosterism and its role in global-urban policymaking is developed by combining insights from the burgeoning “policy mobilities” literature with those of the longstanding literature on entrepreneurial city marketing. It is supported by illustrative examples of policy boosterism in Vancouver: the city's Greenest City and Green Capital initiatives, the use of the term “Vancouverism” among the city's urban design community, and demonstrations of new urban technologies during the 2010 Winter Olympics that were used to market a particular vision of the city's governance to people from elsewhere, but also—crucially—to local audiences. The article concludes by highlighting four foci that might frame future work at the intersections of policy boosterism and policy mobilities. 相似文献
10.
青海沙利克山祁连圆柏千年树轮宽度序列的变化特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用功率谱、奇异谱和小波分析等方法对在青海沙利克山建立的两条祁连圆柏 (Sabi naprzewalskiiKom )千年树轮宽度序列进行了变化特征的分析 ,发现在低频变化上都存在2 0 0年的最显著周期和百年左右的显著周期 ;各种周期存在不同的演变特征 ,2 0 0年周期在15～ 17世纪最为盛行 ,百年左右的周期变化自 18世纪初以来较为突出。 15世纪下半叶是轮宽序列千年来最突出的低值期 ,它主要体现了 2 0 0年周期的变化 ,而 2 0世纪后期的高值区则主要是百年左右周期变化的作用。轮宽序列的低频变化与太阳活动的长期变化之间存在较好的对应关系 ,说明祁连圆柏年轮宽度序列所指示的气候低频变化可能受太阳活动的影响。 相似文献
11.
The transport sector is consistently responsible for around 30 per cent of carbon dioxide emissions in developed countries and is one of few sectors where emissions continue to increase as a result of apparently insatiable demand for road and air travel. This paper examines how the formulation of transport policy fits into the exposition of UK climate policy, focusing on three principal areas of tension: policy priority (congestion and carbon reduction); strategies to reduce emissions (technological and behavioural solutions) and timescale (short- and long-term vision). We suggest that in overcoming such tensions government ministers will need to devolve significant policy formulation and implementation powers to an appropriate scale of governance – in this case the city-region – to fashion a 'convergence space' capable of promoting meaningful action with regard to transport's climate impact. 相似文献
12.
Alan B. Dixon 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(3):341-356
Local community based institutions that coordinate the management of natural resources have been linked to socioecological resilience, adaptation and sustainability within rural livelihood systems throughout the developing world. The resilience and sustainability of related local institutions, however, is influenced by their relationship with external actors and institutions, particularly in facilitating, supporting or hindering local institutional arrangements. From this standpoint, this paper examines the case of local community based institutions involved in wetland management in western Ethiopia. Drawing upon the findings of participatory fieldwork undertaken in eight wetland‐using communities of Illubabor and Western Wellega zones in Oromia Region it is argued that although local institutions do play a key role in coordinating wetland management and sustaining the benefits from wetlands, the sustainability and resilience of the institutions themselves is threatened by a range of factors. Despite their grassroots nature, their effectiveness is influenced by their reliance on local government backstopping that appears to have diminished in recent years, as well as a perceived lack of local government support for collective action over individual rights. 相似文献
13.
Gradon Diprose Kelly Dombroski Emma Sharp Amanda Yates Bailey Peryman Martine Barnes 《New Zealand geographer》2023,79(1):15-26
Aotearoa New Zealand is at a critical juncture in reducing and managing organic waste. Research has highlighted the significant proportion of organic waste sent to landfills and associated adverse effects such as greenhouse gas emissions and loss of valuable organic matter. There is current debate about what practices and infrastructure to invest in to better manage and use organic waste. We highlight the diversity of existing organic waste practices and infrastructures, focusing on Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. We show how debates about organic waste practices and infrastructure connect across three themes: waste subjectivities, collective action in place and language. 相似文献
14.
Solange Muñoz 《Urban geography》2017,38(8):1252-1269
Set in the broader context of increasing urban precarity and displacement of the urban poor and working classes, this paper examines the social and collective significance of housing precarity and eviction as it is experienced by Latin American, immigrant families living in informal hotels in Buenos Aires, Argentina. I analyze the internal dynamics, interactions and relationships between residents of informal hotels, the housing organization CIBA (Coordinadora de Inquilinos de Buenos Aires), which fights for housing rights for the poor in the city, and the city government sponsored housing subsidy. I argue that urban precarity severely limits opportunities for collective organization around better housing and political and social change. I show that despite CIBA’s objectives to transform social and political conditions for the poor in Buenos Aires, residents often operate under other assumptions and goals, in part because of the temporal and spatial restraints under which they live. Instead, residents of informal hotels work with CIBA in order to secure access to basic, urgent needs. These different expectations and understandings produce contentious relationships of dependence and subordination that are exacerbated by the eviction process and the city government housing subsidy. 相似文献
15.
以内蒙古呼和浩特市旅游“网红村”——恼包村为例,通过实验法和问卷调查法,探讨了旅游网红村居民的怀旧、集体记忆与地方认同3种情感的特征。运用结构方程模型,验证了在旅游效应作用下,3种情感之间内在的互动机理。研究显示,在非本地旅游景观融入地方旅游社区的情境下,居民依然非常认同当前的景观与建筑,并对旅游发展保持积极态度;怀旧、集体记忆如果失去了物质载体,会在文化载体上集中表现;旅游景观的嬗变没有隔断居民对从前村落的集体记忆,但旅游景观优化带来的旅游效应削弱了居民的怀旧情感;居民的怀旧与集体记忆呈显著的正向相关关系,居民的集体记忆显著影响地方认同,旅游发展效应对集体记忆与地方认同有显著的正向影响。 相似文献
16.
17.
Casey R 《Irish geography : bulletin of the Geographical Society of Ireland》2010,43(3):211-232
There is a growing body of research in racial and ethnic studies on the processes of identity construction within minority ethnic populations. This article seeks to build on this work by analysing emerging collective identity formations in an ‘invisible’ minority ethnic group. Based upon focus groups and in-depth interviews with Irish people in Sheffield, the article aims to advance three key arguments. First, the concept of community is central to an Irish collective identity, but is negotiated in a multiplicity of ways. Second, Irish collective identity has been shaped not only by demographic differences but by shared experiences of non-recognition and stereotyping. Third, there is a simultaneous assertion of an Irish identity running parallel with a perception that the ‘traditional’ Irish community may have to re-invent itself in response to changing demographics at the local level. The paper concludes by considering the implications of these arguments for an understanding of Irish ethnicity in multicultural Britain. 相似文献
18.
在城乡统筹发展战略的指引下,探讨武汉市城市边缘区实现生态框架构建、区域经济发展诉求、城市整体空间优化与农用地资源保护协调共赢的土地利用机制。分析武汉市城市边缘区的土地利用特点、产业发展规划及其导向作用对村镇建设模式与土地利用政策的要求,将该区涉及的12个区、37个乡(镇、街、场)分为生态控制型乡镇、引导发展型乡镇和城镇发展型乡镇3类。以区域产业布局为支撑,构建"镇区+社区+园区"的区域村镇发展体系;将区域内650个原有村庄分为搬迁型、控制性和发展型进行社区化建设,以期为促进城市边缘区村镇发展提供模式借鉴;并从城乡建设用地增减挂钩、集体建设用地流转、农用地制度改革及区域土地综合整治等方面,探索相关土地利用政策的应对机制。 相似文献
19.
红色历史的集体记忆嵌入动态的地方建构和空间生产过程,成为地方性重构的有力素材。文章以云南省宾川县新庄红军村为例,通过参与式观察和访谈文本分析等质性方法,从地方性景观与话语的再建构,以及地方性情境创设的空间实践,探讨新庄村的地方性建构机制。研究发现：具体的地方要素在地方-记忆的互动关系中起中介承启作用。地方要素既促进红色旅游情境下记忆的唤起、存储与再创造,又对集体记忆重新建构的地方特质、意义与场所精神进行地方性元素表达。旅游情境创设与地方性展演使集体记忆不断得到投影、表达与重构,推动差异化的地方叙述与体验。 相似文献
20.
Collective forest tenure reform and water rights system reform are two types of resource system reform initiated by the Chinese government since the implementation of the reform and opening policy of the 1980s. Forest tenure reform has been completed and water rights system reform is ongoing. This study analyzes key points and problems with collective forest tenure reform and summarizes four typical successful reform measures and lessons that will have implications for the developing water rights system: the collective forest-cutting quota system, collective forest tenure compensation, collective forest tenure confirmation, and collective forest tenure trading center. A flexible water permission index, compensation measures in water rights trade, water rights approval, and various forms of water rights trading platforms are proposed as reform measures. This study fills a gap in comparative studies between two important resource system reforms in China and provides a reference for further reform and development of water rights systems locally and abroad. 相似文献