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1.
James R. Farmer Charles Chancellor Jacob Brenner James Whitacre Eric G. Knackmuhs 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(4):584-594
Clearly understanding the connections among land use, demographics, and sensitivity and engagement with natural areas can provide insight into landowner decision making. Pertinent findings from our mailed survey of landowners in Brown County, Indiana, include that (1) individuals already engaged in land conservation or environmental activities are most likely to consider a conservation easement (CE), (2) hunters and anglers are less likely to have interest in CEs, and (3) few differences exist between seasonal and permanent residents. Among other things, this research highlights the significance for landowner willingness to grant a CE of involving landowners in conservation activities and environmental organizations. 相似文献
2.
基于斑块层次的土地利用变化对土地质量影响的初步分析——以河北省张北县为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用SPOT2/4、SPOT5 等遥感数据源, 以人工目视解译为主, 分析了1999 年到2003 年河 北省张北县土地利用( 耕地) 变化情况; 运用GIS 和统计分析的方法, 初步分析林草地转变为耕 地、耕地转变为林草地和未变化耕地斑块等的土地退化特征。从1999 年到2003 年, 张北县耕地 减少20229.5ha, 耕地的主要流向为林草地, 其中又以旱地转化为人工草地为主, 2003 年新增耕 地的主要来源为牧草地。除耕地转为疏林地外, 耕地转为林草地的其余类型未退化斑块的面积较 大; 林草地转化为耕地的情况比较复杂: 林地转化为旱地、牧草地转化为水浇地的斑块发生了比 较明显的土地退化; 而牧草地转化为旱地、其它土地转化为旱地、牧草地转化为菜地斑块中退化 斑块数和面积比例都不大。和未变化耕地斑块的退化特征比较, 旱地转化为牧草地, 退化斑块与 未退化斑块数量比例比较接近, 但未退化斑块面积比例远远高于未变化耕地斑块; 而牧草地转为 旱地的退化与未退化斑块数量和面积比例没有明显差别。旱地转化为林地的未退化斑块数量和 面积比例要大于林地转化为旱地的斑块。说明旱地向林草地转化有助于提高区域土地质量。 相似文献
3.
Michelle L. Lute Caitlyn R. Gillespie Dustin R. Martin Joseph J. Fontaine 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(2):218-231
Efforts to reverse declines in native grasslands benefit from agricultural policies that encourage private land conservation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) improved conservation across landscapes but enrollment has declined. We used sequential exploratory mixed methods to compare landowner and conservation practitioners’ perceptions, evaluate perceived benefits, and identify potential improvements to CRP. Focus groups of practitioners informed a quantitative survey of landowners who had properties >160 total acres in Nebraska. Results suggest potential misalignment in perceptions between practitioners and landowners. Practitioners were concerned that conservation, especially of wildlife, was secondary to profit. But the majority of landowners valued CRP-related ecosystem services, including native pollinators. Practitioners posited that younger landowners were primarily profit motivated, but CRP enrollment did not differ by demographics. Practitioners and landowners identified rule complexity as a major challenge and practitioner–landowner relationships as critical to success. Findings suggest that practitioners may underestimate non-economic motivations and illuminate opportunities to encourage private land conservation. 相似文献
4.
基于复杂网络的官厅水库流域土地利用/覆被变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以北京西北部的官厅水库流域为研究区,以1978-2009 年之间的6 期Landsat 系列遥感影像为基础数据解译土地利用图。将土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC) 过程中的转移矩阵作为一种网络进行分析,土地利用类型是网络中的节点,不同地类之间的相互转化是网络的连线(边)。应用度、介数、网络平均最短路径等复杂网络方法,从土地利用系统整体的角度识别LUCC过程中的关键变化地类,评价土地利用系统的稳定性,分析生态环境变迁。研究结果表明：① 在近30 年的时间尺度上,旱地、天然草地和人工水域始终是转移矩阵中3 种关键变化地类,LUCC主要围绕这3 种地类进行;② 5 期转移矩阵网络的平均最短路径值均小于1.5,土地利用系统的活动性强、稳定性差,但五期网络的平均最短路径值总体上呈现增大趋势,土地利用系统向稳定方向发展;③ 近30 年来,自然生态系统不断被人工生态系统取代,自然生态系统中的天然草地面积减少了62.1%,未利用地的面积减少了65.1%。 相似文献
5.
拉萨地区土地利用变化 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
根据1990年、1995年和2000年3期西藏拉萨地区土地利用现状调查数据,利用GIS空间分析方法,系统地分析了1990年至2000年间拉萨地区的土地利用时空变化特征。得出: ① 10年来拉萨地区的土地利用类型转变主要发生在人类活动比较集中的城镇附近和河谷地区,很多地段的天然植被由人工植被所取代,植被覆盖度和生物产量明显提高,有效地改善了这些区域的土地覆盖状况,这些变化是这一期间实施的农业综合开发中旨在改变区域生态环境的人工植树造林和改良草场等人为有目的地改变土地利用类型的直接结果;② 10年内面积增幅最大的是林地,增加了2.56%;③ 土地利用类型变化最广泛的是牧草地,由牧草地变成耕地、园地、林地、居民点及水域的,其中牧草地变成林地的面积最大,占变化面积的94.09%;④ 耕地变成林地的面积占耕地移出总量的54.86%,变成居民点的占移出面积的38.25%;⑤ 水域变成林地的面积占变化面积的93.13%。 相似文献
6.
为揭示大盈江流域土地利用/土地覆被变化对径流变化的影响,基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型,通过设置不同情景,定量分析了土地利用类型变化对流域内径流的影响。结果显示:(1)SWAT模型在大盈江流域径流模拟中具有较好的适用性,率定期的模型参数R2、Ens分别达到0.68、066,验证期的模型参数R2、Ens分别达到0.69、0.67;(2)大盈江流域月均径流量与土地利用类型关系密切:把农业用地变成林地或者草地,径流量均会减少,把林地变成草地径流量则会增加,农、林、草3种土地利用类型中产流由强到弱依次为农业用地、草地、林地。(3)2006~2015年,大盈江流域土地利用类型变化主要为农业用地和林地转化为草地,这种转变导致流域的月均径流量略有增加,增加的径流量主要是由林地转化为草地所致,且林地转化为草地引起的径流增加量强于农业用地转化为草地引起的径流减少量。 相似文献
7.
农业多功能性与都市区土地利用管理——框架和案例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用理论和案例分析相结合的方法探讨了农业多功能性对都市区土地利用管理的意义和实现途径。论文从农业多功能性的多尺度嵌套层级结构出发,构建了基于农业多功能性评价的都市区土地利用管理框架,然后基于高清卫星遥感影像解译、文献资料整理等分析了北京市海淀区1968—2014年间土地利用、农业多功能性和土地利用管理措施的变化及相互作用。研究指出：都市区土地利用管理者应该在区域尺度和农户/农园尺度农业多功能性评价的基础上,围绕农户/农园与区域、国家等各级社会经济系统的相互作用,从改进土地用途管制分区和发展多功能农业两个方面进行区域的农业用地管理。最后,展望了未来的研究方向,希望优化都市区土地利用管理,推动都市型现代农业建设,并促进区域可持续发展。 相似文献
8.
The excessive expansion of urbanized areas has resulted in haphazard land utilization, immoderate consumption of superior agricultural land and water resources, significant fragmentation of agricultural landscape, and gradual deterioration of the agro-ecological environment. Combined, these factors cause poor land use efficiency. Under these circumstances, comprehensively assessing land use efficiency for urban agriculture is a key issue in land use research. Currently, evaluation methods for agricultural land use efficiency narrowly concentrate on aspects of economic input and output. However, urban agro-ecosystems can provide diverse economic, social, and ecological services and functions. In particular, the social and ecological services and functions originating from agricultural land, which have a higher value than economic services, play a significant role in ensuring regional social, ecological, and environmental security. However, recent research has rarely taken these benefits into consideration. Therefore, land use value has been greatly underestimated, which has resulted in mishandled and poor land use policies. In this study, we apply Landsat imagery and social and economic statistical data for the Xi’an metropolitan zone (XMZ) to investigate agricultural multi-functionality. We develop an evaluation framework for urban agricultural land use efficiency and identify agro-ecosystem services and functions as important outputs from agricultural land. The land use efficiency of urban agriculture is then evaluated using ecosystem services models, providing a mechanism for assessing spatial-temporal changes in land use efficiency in the XMZ from 1999 to 2015. Four important conclusions are reached from this analysis. First, the rapid urbanization and agricultural transformation from traditional cereal cultivation to modern urban agriculture has resulted in steadily increasing costs, outputs, and land use efficiency of urban agriculture. The total output value increased 41% and land use efficiency per hectare increased by 33.13% on average. Second, the spatial patterns of comprehensive output and land use efficiency were dominated by economic outputs from agricultural land. Areas near cities, which are dominated by orchard and arable land, provide more economic functions. These areas support and regulate services due to the transformation from extensive cereal production to intensive modern urban agriculture; therefore, they have higher output value and land use efficiency. In contrast, areas distant from cities, towns, and high traffic roads, namely, remote rural areas, provide more support and regulating services, but have relatively lower economic function due to inaccessibility to urban markets and slow agricultural transformation. Therefore, these areas have lower output value and land use efficiency. The spatial change in agricultural output and land use efficiency in urban areas is strongly dependent on the degree of urbanization and agricultural transformation. Third, the total output value and land use efficiency of urban agriculture measured with our approach are much higher than evaluations using traditional methods. However, the spatial patterns measured using the two approaches are in agreement. The evaluation framework integrates ecological services and economic and social functions into a comprehensive output from agricultural land. This approach is more methodical and accurate for evaluating the comprehensive efficiency of land use based on quantities and spatial scale because they are at the pixel scale. Finally, the evaluation results have important implications for enhancing current agricultural subsidies and even implementing ecological payment policies in China. Most importantly, they can be directly applied to agricultural transformation regulations, decision- making, and guidance for rational land utilization. 相似文献
9.
Angie Carter 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(8):893-910
Women own or co-own approximately half of the farmland in Iowa, United States, yet researchers are only beginning to study these landowners’ social relationships in relation to their land. This study analyzes qualitative data collected in Iowa through a series of meetings hosted by the Women, Food and Agriculture Network (WFAN). I find that social control through exclusion constrains women landowners’ access to information about and implementation of conservation. Specifically, I identify how women landowners experience the social processes of boundary maintenance and othering in land management. These processes create barriers to conservation adoption and maintain gendered agricultural landscapes. The women who participated in WFAN’s conservation programs express their experience of and resistance to dominant narratives as they attempt to create landscape change. These findings highlight the importance of further study of inequality processes and their relation to control of farmland if conservation goals are to be met. 相似文献
10.
宁夏中部生态脆弱区土地利用变化及沙漠化响应——以宁夏盐池县为例 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以宁夏中部生态脆弱区典型县为研究对象,利用1985、1995、2000年三期TM影像提取的土地利用数据,基于GIS空间统计分析功能,结合土地利用指数及分形模型、景观破碎度等景观分异测度指数,探讨近20年来该县土地利用时空分异特征及其沙漠化响应,结果表明:①土地利用变化整体上表现为中低覆盖度草场减少,林地为先破坏而后治理;②1985~2000年沙地扩展区域从北部风沙地貌区转移到中部波状高原区,尤其是扬黄灌渠附近需加强管理和防治;③草场沙化比例最大,中覆盖度草场沙化集中在北部农作活动密集区,其沙化斑块连通性强,低覆盖度草场沙化大部分紧临原沙地,受自然因素干扰更为明显;④中、低覆盖度草场斑块不稳定性程度较高,中覆盖度草场属该区域中对自然条件变化和人为干扰最为敏感的类型,需要加强管理和建立科学的生态恢复重建格局。 相似文献
11.
皇甫川流域土地利用变化与生态安全评价 总被引：52，自引：2，他引：50
基于"3S"技术揭示了皇甫川流域近十多年来的土地利用变化状况,并进一步在像元水平上对流域生态安全进行了综合评价,最后重点分析了流域土地利用变化与生态安全的关系。结果表明：① 近十几年来,皇甫川流域土地利用变化剧烈,土地利用格局持续承受着来自当地快速城市化进程及社会经济发展和生态环境保护及建设两方面相互矛盾的巨大压力;② 1987年到2000年,流域生态安全状况有所好转,但整体好转的状况难掩局部地区生态环境在大规模治理和恢复的背景下发生的恶化;③ 流域内林地、耕地、灌丛、水体、城镇用地和草地从面积上看,基本上均处于生态安全的预警状态,而裸砒砂岩和沙地的绝对大部分属于中警状态或重警 (巨警) 状态;④ 6种不同土地利用类型的安全指数大小顺序基本保持为灌丛 > 林地 > 草地 > 耕地 > 沙地 > 裸砒砂岩,表明林、灌措施是流域生态恢复和重建的首选和重要组成部分,而沙地尤其是分布面积较广的裸砒砂岩则是流域生态环境综合治理的难题和关键。最后,提出了通过优化流域土地利用格局来确保生态安全的初步设想。 相似文献
12.
生态位理论在昆明市土地利用结构优化中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土地利用的效益及潜力可用土地利用的生态位来描述。借助生态位理论,通过分析昆明市（1996～2004年）土地利用类型面积及土地利用类型面积变化情况,并结合土地利用的经济生态位模型,计算了昆明市1999～2006年土地利用类型间相互作用的强度。结果表明昆明市农用地与建设用地经济生态位位差较大,经济发展和城市化进程更加剧了建设用地占用农用地的速度和强度;农用地内部各种土地利用类型的生态位宽度,耕地和牧草地最高且逐年增加,而林地处于较低水平,反映出昆明市需要依靠内部土地利用结构的调整来提高农用地生态位,从而实现土地资源的合理利用与优化配置。 相似文献
13.
Simulation of future land-use scenarios in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region under the effects of multiple factors 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Model simulation and scenario change analysis are the core contents of the future land-use change (LUC) study. In this paper, land use status data of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) in 1990 was used as base data. The relationship between driving factors and land-use change was analyzed by using binary logistic stepwise regression analysis, based on which land use in 2010 was simulated by CLUE-S model. After the inspection and determination of main parameters impacting on driving factors of land use in the TGRR, land use of this region in 2030 was simulated based on four scenarios, including natural growth, food security, migration-related construction and ecological conservation. The results were shown as follows: (1) The areas under ROC curves of land-use types (LUTs) were both greater than 0.8 under the analysis and inspection of binary logistic model. These LUTs include paddy field, dryland, woodland, grassland, construction land and water area. Therefore, it has a strong interpretation ability of driving factors on land use, which can be used in the estimation of land use probability distribution. (2) The Kappa coefficients, verified from the result of land-use simulation in 2010, were shown of paddy field 0.9, dryland 0.95, woodland 0.97, grassland 0.84, construction land 0.85 and water area 0.77. So the results of simulation could meet the needs of future simulation and prediction. (3) The results of multi-scenario simulation showed a spatial competitive relationship between different LUTs, and an influence on food security, migration-related construction and ecological conservation in the TGRR, including some land use actions such as the large-scale conversion from paddy field to dryland, the occupation on cultivated land, woodland and grassland for rapid expansion of construction land, the reclamation of woodland and grassland into cultivated land, returning steep sloping farmland back into woodland and grassland. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the needs of various aspects in land use optimization, to achieve the coordination between socio-economy and ecological environment. 相似文献
14.
黄土丘陵区人地关系演变与土地利用决策研究——以宁夏固原市上黄试区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以宁夏固原市上黄试区为例,基于土地的属性特征,构建了土地自然属性及社会属性指数,探讨了不同时期人地关系演变特征。结果表明:1982年,上黄试区土地自然属性相对较低而社会属性相对较高,土地利用行为特点是通过对土地资源的广度开发求得生存与发展,土地利用效益差,人地关系紧张;1982—2000年,在科技因素的引导下,土地的自然属性增强,土地利用结构得到优化,土地利用效益明显提升,人地关系缓和;2000—2010年,在政策因素的影响下,土地自然属性继续提升,土地利用效益进一步提高,人地关系和谐。整个研究期内,在科技和政策因素的驱动下,人地关系不断协调发展,土地利用的可持续性不断提高。 相似文献
15.
多因素耦合下三峡库区土地利用未来情景模拟 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
模型模拟和情景变化分析是未来土地利用变化研究的核心内容,本文以2000年三峡库区土地利用现状为基期数据,利用Binary Logistic模型回归分析驱动因子与土地利用间的关系,利用CLUE-S模型对2010年土地利用进行模拟,校验并确定影响库区土地利用驱动因素的主要参数后,基于自然增长、粮食安全、移民建设和生态保护对2020年、2030年库区土地利用情景予以模拟。结果表明：① 通过Binary Logistic模型分析和检验,水田、旱地、林地、草地、建设用地和水域的ROC曲线下面积值均大于0.8,表明所选驱动因子对土地利用的解释能力较强,可用来估算土地利用概率分布;② 2010年各地类模拟结果经验证得Kappa系数分别为水田0.9、旱地0.92、林地0.97、草地0.84、建设用地0.85和水域0.77,总体上能满足模拟与预测需求;③ 多情景模拟显示库区不同土地利用类型在空间上的竞争关系,以及所带来的对库区粮食安全、移民建设、生态保护的影响,包括水田大量转换为旱地（“水改旱”）、耕地与林草地被建设占用、林草地开垦为耕地、陡坡耕地退为林草地等行为,需要在土地利用优化中平衡各方面的需求;④ 多因素、多情景模拟能为库区土地利用提供更为清晰的、可供抉择的政策调控思路。 相似文献
16.
Grassland to cropland conversion has been a major land cover change in wetlands during recent decades. Many conservation strategies have therefore focused on the protection or restoration of grasslands considered the remnant fragments of nature in wetlands before agricultural development. Through the example of the largest French Atlantic wetland (the Marais Poitevin) and using high-resolution historical records documenting landscape changes since the beginning of the 18th century, we propose the first long-term analysis of a wetland conversion at a large spatial scale. We demonstrate that, although the last land cover changes corresponded to significant grassland to cropland conversions, the mid-20th century was characterized by an exceptional grassland cover (90% of the area). We also show that current surface areas covered by grasslands are similar to those of the 18th and 19th centuries, and that grassland to cropland conversion followed a massive decline in the most natural habitats of the wetland such as marshes, salt-marshes and other marine habitats. From a long-term perspective, grassland to cropland conversion is rather a recent change and grasslands can be viewed as the result of agricultural development in this wetland rather than pristine habitats. In contrast, marshes, salt-marshes and other marine habitats can be considered the remnant fragments of nature of conservation interest, although they are neglected in current conservation plans. We discuss the problem of the time-span and the reference state to be considered when analyzing land cover changes and assessing wetland conservation issues at large spatial scales. 相似文献
17.
定量刻画区域尺度耕地开垦轨迹（初始地类、初始土壤类型和耕作年限）对土壤肥力变化的影响,对指导区域农业施肥管理措施、提高农田土壤肥力具有重要意义。本文以新疆昌吉州为研究区,通过叠加5期土地利用数据来识别耕地开垦轨迹,基于1980年和2018年两期大量样点数据,分析耕地开垦前的土地利用方式和土壤类型以及开垦后耕作年限的差异对土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明：① 1980—2018年间新开垦耕地面积的90.12%来源于草地,9.88%来源于未利用地。在此期间除碱解氮含量降低之外,其他土壤肥力指标含量均增加。② 高覆盖度草地被开垦会造成土壤有机质的损失,草地（高、中、低覆盖度草地）和未利用地（盐碱地和裸土地）被开垦会降低土壤碱解氮含量,增加有效磷和速效钾含量。③ 随耕作年限增加,土壤有机质呈现缓慢的增加态势并逐步趋于平稳;而速效养分含量短期内增加,当耕作年限达到中长期（19~28年）后趋于稳定或开始下降,存在阈值效应。④ 草地开垦造成的有机质损失在耕作年限达到中长期之后逐渐得以恢复。草地和未利用地开垦造成的碱解氮损失在耕作38年之后仍未得到恢复。⑤ 初始土壤类型为草甸土和灌漠土的现状土壤肥力较高,棕钙土和灰漠土的肥力较低。建议随耕地经营年限的增加,合理配比氮磷钾肥,改善重氮肥轻磷钾肥的现状,增加磷钾肥施用量,少量多次施用氮肥。 相似文献
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Legal factors play an underrated but significant role as constraints on conservation management. In this paper, based on observations in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, mode of land tenure is assessed to determine its influence on the conservation management of coastal dunes. The tenure types considered are: private ownership, corporate private ownership, tenancy, secured tenancy, leasing, common (joint) ownership, uncertain ownership, public ownership and its subset military ownership. It is suggested that multiple private ownership is least likely to favour effective conservation management. Public ownership by a statutory conservation authority and corporate private ownership by a conservation-orientated NGO are regarded as the optimum tenure types for conservation management of coastal dunes. 相似文献
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基于遥感的呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化及其对地区农业持续发展影响的研究 总被引：31，自引：1，他引：30
随着人口的增长, 人类活动对土地利用/土地覆盖变化的影响越来越大, “人口-资源-环境”问题越来越突出,因此,土地利用/土地覆盖变化的研究尤为重要。本文利用1986年和1996 年两期陆地卫星TM 数据, 分析探讨了呼伦贝尔盟近十年来农牧业土地利用数量变化及其区域差异,并通过计算耕地重心,分析了近十年来呼伦贝尔盟耕地的空间变化规律, 在此基础上进一步探讨了呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化对地区农业持续发展的影响。结果表明： 十年来, 呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化很大, 耕地面积大幅度增加,草地与未利用地面积减少;农牧业土地利用变化空间差异非常明显,导致十年来呼伦贝尔盟耕地重心向西北方向移动33.15 km , 耕地生态环境发生了显着变化; 呼伦贝尔盟耕地面积大幅度增加, 对合理开发利用耕地资源, 促进地区农业持续发展起到了积极的作用。 相似文献