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1.
实验研究氯化钠、碱度对罗氏沼虾仔虾的急性毒性作用。用概率单位法求出了其氯化钠2 4、4 8、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为 8.58、 5.32、 3.4 7、 2 .19g/ L;碱度的 2 4、4 8、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为 51.0 2、 37.0 7、 2 7.19、 2 1.54mmol/ L。对氯化钠和碱度混合作用的结果进行的方差分析表明 ,氯化钠和碱度对仔虾的死亡率影响显著 ,而两者的交互作用不显著。碱度 (AL K)与罗氏沼虾仔虾氯化钠 2 4、4 8h L C50 (S)关系式分别为 S=- 0 .12 78AL K+ 9.2 346 ,S=- 0 .0 715AL K +5.530 1。 相似文献
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铜和锌对刺参幼参的联合毒性作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用等毒性配比法,研究了金属离子 Cu2+ 和 Zn2+ 对刺参幼参的联合毒性,并以 Marking 相加指数 ( AI ) 评价联合毒性效应.实验结果表明,当 Cu2+ 和 Zn2+ 以等毒性混合共存时,Cu2+ 对刺参幼参在24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h 的半致死质量浓度 ( LC50 ) 分别为0.351 7、0.283 3、0.249 5和0.234 8 mg/L;Zn2+ 对刺参幼参在24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h的 LC50 分别为 5.061 0、3.223 4、2.469 6和2.163 5 mg/L.由此可见,Cu2+ 对幼参的毒性大于 Zn2+.二者以等毒性混合对刺参幼参在 24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h的相加指数 AI值分别为 -0.931 5、-1.499 0、-1.834 2和-2.065 2,其对幼参24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h的联合毒性均为拮抗作用;并且随着暴露时间的延长,拮抗作用增强. 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾对东北碳酸盐型半咸水的适应性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用急性毒性实验法，研究了碱度和pH对凡蚋滨对虾幼虾的毒性效应，观察了幼虾在东北地区碳酸盐型半咸水水域的生存能力。结果表明，pH为8．03～8．37时，碱度对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的24，48和96h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为12．92，11．16和10．67mmol／L，生存的安全浓度(SC)为2．50mmol／L。碱度为5．37～42．06mmol／L时，pH对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的24，48，72和96h半致死值(LpH50)分别为9．26～8．64，9．14～8．62，9．10～8．80和9．00～8．80。幼虾在碱度为38．78mmol／L、pH为9．41、盐度为3．29的天然半咸水水域存活5～9h。认为高碱度、高pH是东北地区碳酸盐型半咸水水域移植凡纳滨对虾的主要障碍。 相似文献
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通过急性毒性实验,研究碳酸盐碱度对淡化凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾的毒性效应及其在碳酸盐型盐碱水域的生存能力。结果表明,在pH为7.12~8.14时,碳酸盐碱度对幼虾的24 h半有效浓度(EC50)为2.73 mmol/L。在pH为8.11~8.72时,碳酸盐碱度对幼虾的24,48和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为12.40,11.24和10.49 mmol/L,安全浓度(CS)为2.77 mmol/L。幼虾在碳酸盐型盐碱水域存活时间近9 h。高碱度K 的质量浓度低、Na 与K 的质量浓度比较高是碳酸盐型盐碱水域养殖凡纳滨对虾的主要障碍。 相似文献
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亚硝态氮（NO2--N）对吉富罗非鱼的毒性及相关因子 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过NO2--N对吉富罗非鱼的急性毒性试验,研究了NO2--N胁迫过程中的应激反应,pH和NaCl浓度对毒性的影响,以及不同生态环境下吉富罗非鱼对亚硝态氮毒性的耐受性差异等,结果表明:在受试鱼急性中毒96h全致死条件下(NO2--N最小浓度192.49mg/L、PH7.37),当水体pH为6.21±0.19、7.09±0.20、8.40±0.22时,全致死时间96h分别变为62、88、102h,当NaCl浓度达到400.00mg/L时,其解毒作用极其显著(P<0.01)。在受试鱼急性中毒48h不死亡条件下(NO2--N最大浓度60.87mg/L,29.7±1.2℃),温度剧降10±0.8℃时,应激反应发生在持续中毒32h后,中毒40h后受试鱼全部应激致死。生活在温室内水泥池、室外水泥池、土池池塘的吉富罗非鱼对NO2--N耐受性存在很大差异。 相似文献
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2种多溴联苯醚(BDE-47、BDE-209)对褶皱臂尾轮虫单一和联合毒性效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(9)
为丰富海洋环境中多溴联苯醚污染对浮游动物毒性效应的研究,本文采用不同浓度的2种多溴联苯醚BDE-47和BDE-209作为胁迫因子,以褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)为受试生物,研究其单一及联合急性毒性效应。研究显示:单一急性毒性作用时,BDE-47胁迫对轮虫的48、72和96hLC50分别为2.113、0.376、0.163mg/L,均小于BDE-209各相应的LC50值,分别为11.162、1.237、0.295mg/L,说明BDE-47对褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性大于BDE-209;二者联合作用时,分别采用浓度1∶1和毒性1∶1进行试验,应用Marking相加指数法计算AI(Additive index),评价二者对轮虫的联合毒性,2种试验配比方式得到的结果类似,暴露时间分别为24、48h时AI0,联合作用结果均为协同作用;72、96h时AI0,均表现为拮抗作用。结果表明,96h内随着暴露时间的增加,BDE-47和BDE-209对其联合毒性作用从协同作用转变为轻微的拮抗作用。 相似文献
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近年来,中国近岸重金属污染问题日趋严重。作者通过研究重金属Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾(Palaemon carincauda)的单一及复合急性毒性效应,为其养殖水质管理提供科学依据。本研究采用半静态急性毒性测定方法,开展了不同浓度Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾96 h内的急性毒性试验。研究结果表明:在单一污染物暴露下,Cd~(2+)对脊尾白虾24、48、72、96 h的半数致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为138.699、33.110、9.719、3.650 mg/L,Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾48、72、96 h的LC50分别为254.541、62.750、29.074 mg/L;Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾96 h的安全质量浓度分别为0.365和2.907 mg/L;在等浓度配比(1︰1)暴露下,Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)复合污染对目标生物在48、72、96 h暴露期间的毒性相加指数(additive index,AI)分别为0.155、0.068、0.258。综上所述,Cd~(2+)对脊尾白虾的毒性较Pb~(2+)更强,Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾的复合污染均表现出较明显的协同作用。 相似文献
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氨氮和亚硝酸盐对斜带石斑鱼苗的急性毒性效应 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了水温(25±0.5)℃,盐度30~31,pH值7.9~8.1,溶解氧4.5~5.5 mg/L条件下氨氮和亚硝酸盐对不同规格斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)苗的急性毒性效应。试验结果表明,氨氮对平均全长4.4cm的斜带石斑鱼苗的24、48、72、96 h LC50及安全质量浓度分别为5.62、3.50、2.93、2.68及0.27 mg/L,对应的非离子氨及安全质量浓度分别为0.23、0.14、0.12、0.11及0.011 mg/L;氨氮对平均全长10.5 cm斜带石斑鱼苗的24、48、72、96 h LC50及安全质量浓度分别为58.6、56.2、53.3、51.4及5.13 mg/L,对应的非离子氨及安全质量浓度分别为2.41、2.32、2.20、2.12及0.21 mg/L;亚硝酸盐对全长4.4 cm的斜带石斑鱼苗的24、48、72、96 h LC50及安全质量浓度分别为288.4、281.8、270.4、267.3及26.7 mg/L;亚硝酸盐对全长10.5 cm的斜带石斑鱼苗的24、48、72、96 h LC50及安全质量浓度分别为354.8、346.7、280.5、208.4及20.8 mg/L。 相似文献
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用化学品对藻类毒性测试的标准试验方法,分别研究了硫属元素Se(Ⅳ)和Te(Ⅳ)单组分对钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)的毒性效应,用相加指数法评价了Se(Ⅳ)和Te(Ⅳ)双组分对螺旋藻的联合毒性效应.结果表明,Te(Ⅳ)对螺旋藻的毒性大于Se(Ⅳ),其EC50,96h分别为125.2 mg/L和36.1 mg/L;Se(IV)和Te(Ⅳ)的联合毒性效应为拮抗作用, 其EC50,96h为103.1 mg/L. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献