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糯扎渡水电站位于澜沧江中下游,该地区构造环境复杂,活动断层发育,地震频发。本文利用区域构造、糯扎渡库区水荷载变化、云南省区域地震台网2000-2021年地震监测资料,对糯扎渡水库区域断层性质、库水位荷载变化、地震震源参数和水库蓄水前后的地震活动空间等进行综合分析。研究结果表明,糯扎渡水库影响区及附近区域活断层密集,构造环境复杂且存在应力水平较高区域,蓄水前库区地震活动强度较高。伴随蓄水量的增加,微小地震活动频度和强度逐渐增强,显示出蓄水对库区内断层上的应力分布具有明显的扰动作用。蓄水后水库坝区附近和澜沧江库区中段窝拖寨断层区的地震活动频度和强度有所增强,普洱大河库段地震活动强度则低于区域背景地震,但微小地震活动的频度有所上升,且与库水位的周期性变化有一定的相关性。地震活动的空间位置与库区内复杂的构造断层密切相关。在区域构造应力和库区水加、卸载的共同作用下,构成了糯扎渡水库影响区微小地震时间、空间、强度的活动图像。未来区内地震活动仍将受到区域构造应力影响和水位变化及水的渗透作用影响,其地震活动强度可能达到5.0级左右。 相似文献
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小金6.6级地震发生在鲜水河断裂带与龙门山断裂带之间一个地震活动水平较低的地区.根据该地区近10多年来中小地震活动的频度～震级统计关系,计算得到这一地区7级地震复发周期为435～523年;6级为58～69年;5级为10.1～11.7年.对该区及附近地震活动分析表明,小金地震前6年左右震中附近出现4级背景性地震空区;1989年3月1日小金5.0级地震为空区内逼近地震。小金地震前1年多四川西部曾出现背景性地震条带;震中附近曾出现弱震空区。b 值的时空扫描显示这次地震前2年多附近地区 b 值存在一个由高值到低值的变化过程.对周围4°×4°范围2.5级以上地震活动归一化熵计算结果,断层面总面积熵有下降异常,反映地震时间间隔及单位面积地震频度的熵无变化. 相似文献
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丹江口水库自1969年11月关闸蓄水以来,库区范围内地震活动的频度和强度均有所提高。到1977年底为止,库区内共记到地震299次,其中M_L=1.0～1.9级的138次,2.0～2.9级的34次,3.0～3.9级的9次,4.0～5.0级的4次,5.1级的1次。这些地震的绝大多数发生在过去无震或少震灰岩形成的峡谷地段。据已有的资料统计:林茂山、瓦房沟两个微震密集区 相似文献
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我国的台湾岛位于欧亚板块和太平洋板块之间,是世界上规模宏大的西太平洋岛弧地震带的一部分,也是世界上地震活动最强烈的地区之一。本世纪以来已发生两次8级大震,7≤M<8级地震发生36次,平均复发周期为3年左右,其频度居全国首位。6≤M<7级地震几乎每年都有数次甚至数十次,至于5级左右地震活动则更加频繁。对于这样一个强度大、频度高的地震活动区,研究其5至6级中强震活动的震兆显然是困难的。本文着重讨论台湾地区两次8级地震前地震活动空间分布特征中的空区图象。 本文1900年至1978年的资料选自谢毓寿先生主编的《中国地震历史资料汇编》。1978年以后的资料选用地球物理研究所编印的《中国地震台网观测报告》。研究区域为120°—123.5°E,21°—25.5°N的范围。 相似文献
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根据图形对比、频度比及相关分析法，对1900年以来东南亚和中国大陆地震活动的关系进行了研究，结果表明，东南亚地区和中国大陆7级地震活动是相关的。东南亚地区7级地震活动对中国大陆地震活动的影响可迟后1，2年；根据2000年全球7级大震在东南亚地区出现相对集中的情况，可以预测中国大陆在2001或2002年发生7级以上地震的可能性很大。 相似文献
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长岛地区分维结构变化与区域地震活动关系及短临前兆特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了长岛附近地区地震分维结构及月频度趋势性变化与渤海、山东及邻区大范围中强地震活动的关系,得出:大区中强以上地震活跃阶段,研究区存在分维结构,小震活动频度出现趋势性增强;中强以上地震活跃期间分维值较低,活跃阶段将要结束时分维值较高,进入地震平静阶段分维结构不存在。还研究了长岛小震月频度变化的短临前兆特征,得出长岛区地震活动对本区Ms4级以上地震、200公里范围内4.5级以上地震及主震为4.0级的震群、600公里范围内5.5级以上地震,长岛月频度一般在震前1至5个月内会出现8或14次以上的异常现象。反映了长岛小震活动对监视渤海及邻区大范围中强以上地震活动具有一定的窗口作用。 相似文献
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1 2 0 0 0年河北省及京津地区地震活动实况1 .1 2 0 0 0年河北省及京津地区地震活动特征据河北省地震台网测定 ,2 0 0 0年 1月 1日至 1 2月 31日河北省及京津地区共发生地图 1 2 0 0 0年河北省及京津地区地震活动分布图震 851次 ,ML2 .0级以下地震 62 7次 ,ML2 .0～ 2 .9级地震 1 84次 ,ML3.0～3.9级地震 37次 ,ML4 .0～ 4 .9级地震 3次 ,最大地震为 2 0 0 0年 6月 2 5日唐山 ML4 .4级 (见图 1 )。从河北省及京津地区 1 990年以来地震活动统计表可以看出 :1小震频度底 ;从 1 990年以来至2 0 0 0年 1 2月小震频度达到最低值仅有 85… 相似文献
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利用区域构造、小湾库区水载荷变化及云南省区域地震台网2000—2021年的地震监测资料,对小湾水库影响区内水库蓄水前后地震活动空间、频度、强度等进行综合分析,并对区域断层性质、库水位载荷变化、震源机制解、地震应力降参数进行深入分析。结果显示:小湾水库影响区及附近第四纪断裂构造交汇,环境复杂且存在应力水平较高区域;水库蓄水对库区基底岩层及库岸岩体影响显著,地震活动明显增强;水库影响区地震空间分布明显受区域构造控制;在水载荷变化的影响下,触发了构造区的应力释放,发生了走滑断层性质破裂的2015年昌宁5.1级地震。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献