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随着工业化进程的加快,水土重金属污染事件逐渐增多,对其治理与修复成为当前的迫切工作。冻结技术在治理修复污染水土时,其修复过程只向地层输入“冷量”,属于绿色修复技术,无二次污染风险,受到越来越多的关注。详细总结了冻结技术的修复机理,及其在污水、污泥、重金属污染土壤治理修复中的应用现状和最新研究进展。冻结修复机理是通过冰的自净作用和固-液相平衡原理来实现污染物的定向驱赶和富集,而黏性土壤颗粒的吸附和阻滞作用使单一技术对重金属污染土壤的修复难度增大,其他修复手段与冻结技术联合处理成为一种新的思路。利用冻结土体的低渗透性,还可有效降低污染物的迁移速度,封闭不同种类污染物,形成阻隔污染物扩散的冻结屏障。冻结修复技术在水土重金属污染净化及修复领域具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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矿山重金属污染土壤修复技术进展及展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着人们对矿山环境修复越来越重视,受矿山重金属污染土壤的修复技术不断向前发展,涌现出的新技术方法在矿山重金属污染土壤修复中发挥着日益重要的作用。本文通过对物理化学、植物、微生物和动物四大类矿山重金属污染土壤修复技术理论研究、试验和现场应用等方面入手,搜集大量资料,综述该四大类修复技术的研究现状和主要进展。总结提出矿山重金属污染土壤修复技术重点向4个方向发展：以低成本为导向的常规技术优化,包括常规廉价材料的有效利用、修复重金属污染的同时回收利用重金属（超积累植物和化学回收）等;以高精端新技术为导向的效率提升,包括纳米材料、生物薄膜等新型高效修复材料的研发、基因工程等,通过微观机理的精细研究大幅提高修复效率以降低总体成本;联合不同修复技术,如微生物—植物、化学—植物、物理—化学等联合修复技术,取长补短以实现更好的修复效果;加强不同修复技术的数据库和智能决策系统建设,促进技术成果转化。 相似文献
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随着人们对矿山环境修复越来越重视,受矿山重金属污染土壤的修复技术不断向前发展,涌现出的新技术方法在矿山重金属污染土壤修复中发挥着日益重要的作用。本文通过对物理化学、植物、微生物和动物四大类矿山重金属污染土壤修复技术理论研究、试验和现场应用等方面入手,搜集大量资料,综述该四大类修复技术的研究现状和主要进展。总结提出矿山重金属污染土壤修复技术重点向4个方向发展:以低成本为导向的常规技术优化,包括常规廉价材料的有效利用、修复重金属污染的同时回收利用重金属(超积累植物和化学回收)等;以高精端新技术为导向的效率提升,包括纳米材料、生物薄膜等新型高效修复材料的研发、基因工程等,通过微观机理的精细研究大幅提高修复效率以降低总体成本;联合不同修复技术,如微生物—植物、化学—植物、物理—化学等联合修复技术,取长补短以实现更好的修复效果;加强不同修复技术的数据库和智能决策系统建设,促进技术成果转化。 相似文献
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植物修复技术在污染治理中的应用现状 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
蓝俊康 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(1):46-51
植物修复技术是利用活的植物对污染土、污染地下水等介质进行修复。植物对金属元素的净化机理是植物积累、根系过滤、植物根系对土的稳定作用;植物对有机物的净化机理是植物降解、生物刺激和植物的蒸发作用;此外植物的水力控制也是控制污染的主要途径。目前国外在利用植物修复卤代烃、农药、汽油、柴油、重金属、放射性物质、废旧炸药、处理污染填土淋滤液、利用植物分解处理空气中的污染物质或将氧化氮转化为氮气等多方面的研究已取得很多重要成果,而其中最为显著的是利用杂交植物对卤代烃污染地下水进行修复和研究利用转基因植物吸收土壤中的甲基汞。我国在植物修复技术方面的研究也取得重大成果,如利用凤眼莲修复污水中的某些农药、利用蜈蚣草叶片富集砷,利用印度芥菜对土壤中难溶态镉的吸收等。 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾中重金属Cd污染修复是我国亟待解决的环境问题之一。为了确定最佳Cd污染修复技术,探究了多种镉修复技术在河道治理中的适用性。以华东地区城市河道疏浚底泥堆土修复工程为例,对重金属镉污染土壤的修复工艺进行了对比和分析。拟选定土壤稳定化修复技术、土壤淋洗技术和植物修复技术三种修复工艺对受污染土壤进行治理。实验结果表明,稳定化修复技术可以使土壤中镉的浸出率从33.3%降低到14.3%,能有效降低其在环境中的生物毒性,但镉的总量并不会降低;采用柠檬酸和草酸的土壤淋洗技术,能够使镉的去除率达到90.1%和92.4%;相比而言,植物修复技术具有更为突出的高效性、易操作和二次污染少的特点,但修复周期较长。从技术、经济、环境安全等多方面出发,分别对三种修复工艺进行了分析讨论,综合考虑了研究场地的现状和未来规划,最终确定土壤淋洗技术为治理河道底泥堆土镉污染的最佳选择。 相似文献
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金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物修复研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
受矿业活动影响,金属矿区及周边土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题之一。植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的清除土壤中重金属的一种有效、经济的生态技术。重金属污染土壤植物修复技术主要有植物固定、植物挥发和植物吸收等方式,植物固定技术是利用植物阻隔土壤中重金属的迁移,而植物挥发和植物吸收则是将土壤中的重金属移除。本文系统总结了迄今在金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物固定和植物吸收修复技术研究方面的现状与进展,包括矿区超富集植物筛选、超耐受性植物筛选、提高重金属生物有效性的高效活化剂以及降低重金属迁移能力的化学钝化剂研究等。提出了当前相关领域研究中存在的主要问题,并提出了进一步研究的主要方向。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根影响土壤-植物系统中重金属迁移转化和累积过程的机制及其生态应用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)是在自然和农业生态系统中广泛存在的一类专性共生土壤微生物,能够与80%左右的陆地植物建立共生关系。AMF从宿主植物获取碳水化合物以维系自身生长;作为回报,AMF能够帮助植物从土壤中吸收矿质养分和水分。很多研究表明,AM共生体系对于植物适应各种逆境胁迫(如贫瘠、干旱、环境污染等)具有重要作用。在土壤重金属污染情况下,AMF能够通过多种途径影响植物对重金属的吸收、累积和解毒过程,并对植物产生保护效应。本文围绕AM对土壤-植物系统中重金属迁移、转化和累积过程的影响机制,系统评述了金属元素种类及污染程度、宿主植物和AMF种类,以及土壤理化性质等因素对AM植物吸收累积重金属的影响,并从AMF对土壤-植物系统中重金属行为的直接作用(包括菌丝吸收和固持,以及改变根际重金属形态等),及AMF改善植物矿质营养促进植物生长从而间接增强植物重金属耐性两方面讨论了AM增强植物重金属耐性的机理,系统总结了相关研究领域的前沿动态。最后,对菌根技术在农田和矿区重金属污染土壤生物修复中的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Bohdan Kříbek Vladimír Majer František Veselovský Imasiku Nyambe 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010
Samples of topsoil together with reference samples of subsurface soil from a depth of 80–90 cm were collected in the central-northern part of the Zambian Copperbelt to distinguish lithogenic sources of metals from anthropogenic contamination of soils caused by fallout of dust from mining operations, flotation ore treatment plants, tailings dams, smelters and slag dumping grounds. The total sulphur, Cu and Co contents were found to be significantly higher in topsoil relative to subsurface soil over a large part of the surveyed area, and Zn, Pb, As and Hg contents showed a definite increase in the close neighbourhood of smelters and in the direction of prevailing winds. This indicates that the increase of these elements in the topsoil is due to anthropogenic activities. The areal extent and degree of anthropogenic contamination of topsoil can be expressed by an enrichment index (EI) based on the average ratio of the actual and median concentrations of the given contaminants. Although the contamination of soil by dust fallout decreases progressively with depth in the soil profile, in areas strongly affected by mining and mineral processing the anthropogenic contamination by sulphur and copper can be traced to a depth of 80–90 cm. In contrast, the concentration of elements such as Cr, Ni, and V, that show a direct correlation with the content of iron in the soils, increases in the subsurface soil relative to the topsoil. This is particularly evident in areas underlain by rocks of the Katanga Supergroup. 相似文献
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由于特殊的地理环境,金佛山自然保护区的垂直地带性岩溶生态特征明显.通过研究发现,金佛山在不同海拔地质背景基础上,土壤、物种多样性和山上山下两种不同特征的岩溶动力系统.土壤分带性主要表现为：从山下向山顶依次为黄壤、暗黄壤、黄棕壤和棕壤.物种多样性主要表现为：植被种类繁多,动物类型复杂多样,是同类地区所罕见的,大大丰富了我国野生生物基因库.岩溶动力系统主要表现为：土壤CO2和水化学特征的差异显著,从而形成了山上山下两个不同特征的岩溶动力系统,山下岩溶作用明显强于山顶. 相似文献
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Haftarani Dodangeh Ghasem Rahimi Mahboobeh Fallah Eisa Ebrahimi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(12):473
Accumulation of heavy metals in soil media is considered as a serious environmental problem, which is hazardous to human and animal health. There have been several methods for the removal of these toxic metals. One of the commonly used methods is the use of plants, especially ornamental plants to remove heavy metals from soils. In this regard, the study has been conducted on the soils contaminated with Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cd using factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors including three types of soil (soil A for the highest level of contamination, B for the lowest level of pollution, and C for the non-contaminated soil) with different contamination levels as well as three types of ornamental plants, gladiolus, daffodils, and narcissus with four replications. In another part of the study, soil A and gladiolus were used in a completely randomized design with three replications, and also three types of fertilizers, such as municipal solid waste compost, triple superphosphate and diammonium phosphate, were added to this soil. In addition, the availability of heavy metal was studied in gladiolus as influenced by the application of organic and chemical fertilizers. The results showed that heavy metal pollution caused reduction in the dry weight of gladiolus and tulips compared to the control sample, while there was no significant effect of pollution on the dry weight of narcissus. The uptake of Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cd by all three plants has been increased with enhancing the pollution levels of heavy metals. The highest concentration of Pb in the shoots of plants was observed in soil A with an average amount of 61.16 (mg kg?1), which revealed a substantial difference relative to the treatment of soil B and C. The most and least amount of Ni in the plants shoots were related to soil A and soil C with an average of 2.35 and 0.89 mg kg?1, respectively. The uptake of Pb by shoots of all three plants was nearly similar to each other, while more Pb was absorbed by the bulbs of gladiolus compared to the bulbs of other plants. Increment in the pollution levels led to the decrement in enrichment factor (EF); however, there was no effect of pollution levels on EF of Mn and Pb. Moreover, there was no effect of increasing pollution levels on translocation factor of these elements. In gladiolus, after application of organic and chemical fertilizers, it was observed that the concentration of heavy metals was far more in the bulbs compared to the shoots. In conclusion, the cultivation of these ornamental plants is highly recommended due to not only their decorative aspect but also their ability for bioremediation as well as being economical. 相似文献
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Stabilization of fuel oil contaminated soil—A case study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sanjay J. Shah A. V. Shroff Jignesh V. Patel K. C. Tiwari D. Ramakrishnan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(4):415-427
Fuel oil contamination brings adverse effect on basic geotechnical properties of foundation soil. The present study pertains to one such case, from the petrochemical complex near Vadodara City in Gujarat State, India. Here, the fuel oil contaminated soil samples exhibit drastic changes in their geotechnical parameters. Noteworthy among such deleterious changes are: decrease in maximum dry density (–4%), cohesion (–66%), angle of internal friction (–23%) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) (–35%) and increase in liquid limit (+11%). An attempt has been made to stabilize the contaminated soil using various additives viz., lime, fly ash and cement independently as well as an admixture of different combinations. It is apparent from the test results that the stabilization agents improved the geo-technical properties of the soil by way of cation exchange, agglomeration, and pozzuolanic actions. The best results were observed when a combination of 10% lime, 5% fly ash and 5% cement was added to the contaminated soil. The improvement in unconfined compressive strength (UCS), cohesion and angle of internal friction can be attributed to neo-formations such as Calcium Silicate Hydrates (CSH, CSH-1) that coats and binds the soil particles. Formation of stable complex between oil and metallic cations, results in reduction of leachableoil. 相似文献
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In Russia, until recently, it was considered that groundwater was protected from surface radioactive contamination by soil and rocks in the zone aeration. Groundwater was not a subject of radiation control. The accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant showed, however, that groundwater is vulnerable to radioactive contamination. In this connection, the vulnerability of groundwater to and the problems of protecting groundwater from radioactive contamination became urgent. The assessment of natural protection of groundwater from radioactive contamination is now considered a top priority. The zone of aeration is generally considered to be the zone separating groundwater from surface contamination. In respect to radioactive contamination, soils that may fix a large quantity of radionuclides serve as a protection zone of a higher order. The mapping of protectibility was done for each radionuclide taking into consideration the specific structure of the flow medium and migration properties of a radionuclide.90Sr and137Cs have different mechanisms of transport; convective transport is characteristic of the former and diffusive transfer of the latter. This is conditioned by different physico-chemical properties of the radionuclides and principally by their sorption capacities. The coefficient of distribution of90Sr is in many times less than the coefficient of distribution of137Cs. The environmental protection problem in regions with nuclear power plants and in areas subjected to radioactive contamination may be solved using a monitoring, system including interrelated systems of observation and prediction of the lithosphere and the hydrosphere. The problem of mathematical modeling of migration processes is related to the complexities of modeling the processes of flow, mass transfer, and the accompanying physicochemical processes in zones of full and partial saturation, as well as difficulties in mathematical calculations. 相似文献
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Due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and intensive agriculture in India increasing contamination of heavy metals in soil has become a major concern. An environmental geochemical investigation was carried out in and around the Pali industrial development area of Rajasthan to determine the effect of contamination in the study area. Soil samples collected near the Pali industrial area were analyzed for Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sr and V contents by using Philips PW 2440 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Samples were collected from the industrial area of Pali from the top 10 cm layer of the soil. Most of the samples were collected near small streams adjacent to industrial areas, and near Bandi River. Levels of the metals in soils around the industrial area were found to be significantly higher than their normal distribution in soil such as Pb – 293 mg/kg, Cr – 240 mg/kg, Cu – 298 mg/kg, Zn – 1,364 mg/kg, Sr – 2,694 mg/kg and V – 377 mg/kg. High concentration of these toxic elements in soil is responsible for the development of toxicity in agriculture products, which in turn affects human life. Distribution of metals, their contents at different locations, correlation of heavy metals in soil and their effect on human health are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
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Influence of topsoil of pyroclastic origin on microbial contamination of groundwater in fractured carbonate aquifers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gino Naclerio Emma Petrella Valentina Nerone Vincenzo Allocca Pantaleone De Vita Fulvio Celico 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(6):1057-1064
The aim of the research was to analyse the influence of a topsoil of pyroclastic origin on microbial contamination of groundwater in a carbonate aquifer and verify the reliability of thermotolerant coliforms and fecal enterococci as bacterial indicators. The research was carried out through hydrogeological and microbiological monitoring at an experimental field site in Italy during two hydrologic years and through column tests in a laboratory. The taxonomic classification of fecal indicators detected in spring water samples was performed using API20 galleries. Fecal enterococci were also identified by means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The topsoil of pyroclastic origin significantly retains both thermotolerant coliforms and fecal enterococci. Results of column tests carried out in soil blocks collected randomly within the test site suggest that Escherichia coli was more retained than Enterococcus faecalis, even though this difference is statistically significant in only two out of six soil samples. Thus, a non-uniform difference in retention is expected at field scale. This suggestion is in agreement with the results of the microbiological monitoring. In fact, fecal enterococci were a more reliable indicator than thermotolerant coliforms for detecting contamination at both seasonal springs of the aquifer system, while no significant differences were observed at the perennial spring. 相似文献
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辽宁北部地区地形分异的生态效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
辽北地区东部低山丘陵区存在植被垂直分异现象,中部平原区和西部沙质草甸草原区存在植被水平分异现象.对它们与生态系统的相互关系进行了研究.区域地形特征直接控制和影响着地方气候和小气候、风化和成土作用、水文地质作用、表生带地球化学过程等生态环境条件,进而控制和影响着植物群落和动物群落类型及其分布.即地形影响和决定生态环境条件,进而影响生物界（植物、动物、微生物和人类）,地形与生物界具有相互影响和制约的密切关系.中小地形影响小气候,而小气候影响生物. 相似文献