共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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合成铁氧化物矿物对苯酚的吸附实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用TEM、X射线衍射分析及BET比表面积测定等手段对合成的针铁矿、赤铁矿两种矿物进行表征,对此两种矿物对苯酚的吸附特性并批处理吸附实验研究结果表明,针铁矿对苯酚的吸附量大于赤铁矿的吸附量;针铁矿吸附苯酚的pH吸收边为峰型曲线,且峰值在pH 7～8。Langmuir方程拟合结果的吻合程度较之Henry线性方程与Freundlich方程高。实验中氧化铁矿物表面对苯酚的吸附则主要表现为表面分子吸附,可能存在表面疏水性作用,而静电离子交换和表面配合吸附模式不明显。 相似文献
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不同层间堆垛密度的HDTMA^＋柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,HDTMAB)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.5～2.5CEC)制备了层间季铵盐离子呈单层平卧、双层平卧和倾斜双层排列的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石,并研究了具有不同层间结构的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力以及溶液pH值、温度、对硝基苯酚初始浓度等因素对HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力随着介质溶液pH值的升高而升高,这主要受对硝基苯酚在不同pH条件下的离子化程度影响;HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力随着介质溶液温度的升高而降低,说明吸附反应是一个放热过程。同时,从单层平卧→双层平卧→倾斜双层,HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力明显提高。钠基蒙脱石和低堆垛密度(单层平卧、双层平卧)的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附等温线呈S型,而高堆垛密度(倾斜双层)的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附等温线呈Linear型,表明前者以表面吸附为主,后者以分配作用为主。 相似文献
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以溴化十六烷基三甲铵为改性剂，对天然钙基膨润土进行有机化改性，系统地研究了改性剂用量以及钠化，热活化和酸活化对有机膨润土吸附苯酚、苯胺、苯、甲苯和二甲苯的影响，并初步探讨了有机膨润土与有机物间的作用机理。实验结果表明，改进剂用量是影响有机膨润土对有机物吸附性能的主要因素；改性剂用量相同时，钠化土的吸附效果明显好于直接改性的6.0%土，而热活化和酸活化对于有机膨润土吸附不同的有机物时影响程度也不同。应用有机膨润土建造垃圾填埋场防渗衬层具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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铁氧化物矿物对苯酚和溶解性有机质表面吸附的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文中以铁氧化物矿物对苯酚和溶解性有机质(DOM)的吸附研究为例开展生态矿物学研究。铁氧化物矿物的吸附作用存在多种机制,这些吸附机制发生作用的条件主要取决于溶液化学性质和吸附质的理化性质。批处理实验研究表明,苯酚吸附在酸性微酸性条件下不强,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,属于表面分子吸附模型;DOM的吸附强并发生吸附分异,配体交换、憎水键和范氏力等多种模式并存,在酸性中性条件下对DOM在针铁矿上的吸附起着重要贡献。本文实验条件下DOM吸附等温线近于线性,不能采用Langmuir方程拟合,可能原因是DOM浓度较低。矿物表面荷电性对吸附影响显著,例如,当矿物表面净电荷为零(pH=pHpzc)时,矿物表面水化膜减薄甚至消失,苯酚分子、憎水DOM分子或片断都会倾向于在矿物表面上吸附。由于苯酚吸附机制单一,其受到的影响很明显,所以苯酚在pH值7～8范围内出现吸附最大值;由于配体交换作用主要发生在酸性微酸性条件下,所以在本文pH值约7.5的实验条件下,尽管配体交换仍在发生作用,但它不是主要吸附机制,针铁矿对DOM吸附的主要贡献应是憎水键和范氏力作用,此外,DOM吸附等温方程近于线性还可能与此有关。显然,铁矿物表面作用在对有机质含量低而铁矿物含量高的红壤中污染物和DOM的固定与归宿控制中扮演着重要的角色。 相似文献
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富含Na+ 、Ca2+、Al3+、Cr3+蒙脱石对垃圾渗滤液中有机物的吸附 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
由于层间含有高价态金属阳离子的蒙脱石对特定有机物的吸附能力可大大增强,故分别用层间含有Na+、Ca2+、Al3+和Cr3+的蒙脱石对垃圾渗滤液中的有机物进行吸附实验,研究它们吸附苯酚、二甲苯和COD的能力及离子形态对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,含高价金属阳离子的蒙脱石对苯酚和COD的吸附能力较高,吸附能力由小到大的顺序为Na+<Ca2+<Al3+<Cr3+蒙脱石;各种类型蒙脱石对二甲苯的吸附能力相对较低,并且没有一定的规律可循.并对氢键吸附机制进行了探讨. 相似文献
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为克服海泡石吸附甲醛达到饱和后失去吸附功能的缺陷,利用静态吸附实验研究热处理温度对海泡石吸附微量甲醛的影响,并运用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、热重和BET比表面检测等方法研究相关机理。结果表明,硅胶干燥剂的存在明显提高了海泡石对空气中微量甲醛的吸附能力,并能降低甲醛含量至法定安全上限以下,在≤400℃的温度热处理后海泡石仍能保持良好的甲醛吸附性能,但经≥500℃热处理后甲醛吸附性能显著降低。结合表征研究,认为海泡石相的结晶水对甲醛形成化学吸附,而其以沸石孔洞为主的结构微孔有利于物理吸附的甲醛占位,≥450℃的热处理使结晶水不可逆脱出,沸石孔坍塌,从而吸附性能显著降低。该研究表明海泡石的吸附性能可以在低于450℃的温度下热再生,脱出的甲醛也可以通过燃烧消除。间歇性热再生海泡石的吸附性能可持续脱除空气中的微量甲醛。 相似文献
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生物矿化针铁矿对造纸废水的吸附和热解吸研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用生物矿化针铁矿对造纸废水进行吸附实验,对吸附动力学、影响因素、以及吸附等温线等进行了研究,通过DTA和XRD研究了不同煅烧温度条件下生物矿化针铁矿的物质形态变化,分析了不同再生条件对生物矿化针铁矿的吸附容量的影响。结果表明:生物矿化针铁矿对造纸废水中的污染物吸附速度较快,具有良好的吸附性能;生物矿化针铁矿吸附污染物后经过煅烧可以实现再生,经310℃煅烧后的第一次再生吸附率为原针铁矿的97.3%,多次加热再生后仍然具有很高的吸附能力。 相似文献
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为了增加土-膨润土泥浆墙回填材料对污染物的阻滞性能,本文采用活性炭对其进行改性。通过坍落度和土柱实验研究了添加活性炭对土-膨润土泥浆墙施工和易性、渗透性和兼容性能的影响,明确了活性炭添加量对泥浆墙渗透性和兼容性的作用规律。实验结果显示,满足泥浆墙墙体材料施工和易性要求的含水率范围随着活性炭质量分数增加而增大。活性炭质量分数为2%～10%的改性土-膨润土泥浆墙墙体材料渗透系数均小于1.0×10-7cm/s,满足垂直阻隔墙渗透系数要求。当活性炭质量分数≤2%时,活性炭的添加对墙体材料与苯酚溶液的兼容性能没有影响;随着活性炭质量分数的增大,苯酚对其不利影响加剧。当活性炭质量分数增大至10%时,活性炭改性土-膨润土泥浆墙不适用于苯酚污染地下环境。 相似文献
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The use of shredded waste tires to improve the geotechnical engineering properties of sands 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mousa F. Attom 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(4):497-503
A new geo-environmental approach was proposed to use waste tires in certain engineering applications and thereby reduce the
potential impact on the environment. This paper presents a laboratory study on the effect of shredded tires on the physical
properties of some sands. Shredded tires were passed through US sieve size 4 and mixed with three different types of sands
with varying gradations. Each type of sand was mixed with four different percentages of shredded tires: 10, 20, 30 and 40%
by dry weight. Direct shear tests were conducted to study the effect of the shredded tires on the shear strength properties
of sands, such as angle of internal friction and shear strength. The addition of shredded waste tires increased both the angle
of internal friction and the shear strength of the sands. Additionally, a prediction model was developed to calculate the
shear strength of sand due to increasing shredded tire content. The shredded tires improved some engineering properties of
sand. 相似文献
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Woo-seok Shin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(22):782
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the absorption efficacy of H. fusiformis biochar (HFB) for the removal of phenol and heavy metals from single and mixed solute systems of these species under different experimental conditions. The effects of contact time, pH change, initial phenol concentration, and heavy metal concentration on the adsorption capacity of HFB were investigated. The kinetics and equilibrium models of sorption of the components of the single and mixed solute systems on HFB were also studied. The experimental data were fitted to kinetic and equilibrium models. The batch experiments revealed that 360 min of contact time was sufficient to achieve equilibrium for the adsorption of both phenol and heavy metals. The adsorption of phenol and nickel by HFB followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which was quite adequate for describing the adsorption mechanism. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenol and heavy metals fit well to the Langmuir model with regression coefficients of R 2 > 0.819. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities were 10.39, 12.13, 22.25, 2.24, 2.89, and 22.03 mg/g for phenol, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, respectively. Moreover, HFB exhibited optimal sorption under slightly acidic conditions at pH 6. The HFB used in the present study exhibited higher adsorption capacity for the removal of phenol and heavy metals from aqueous solutions compared to documented sorbents. These results demonstrate that HFB is potentially useful for alleviating the harmful effects of phenol and heavy metal in wastewater treatment systems. 相似文献
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研究了山西代县天然金红石在紫外光和日光照射条件下对苯酚的光催化降解性能,考察了光照时间、pH值、苯酚初始浓度以及H2O2添加量对降解过程的影响。在紫外光照射下,酸性条件(pH=3.5)利于光催化降解,中性和碱性条件下降解效率较低;当初始浓度为60mg/L时,降解速率可达1.922mg/(L.h);H2O2作为电子捕获剂可提高苯酚降解速率,最佳投加量为2mL/L。在日光条件下,天然金红石对苯酚表现出良好的降解性能,照射7h后,降解率达87.68%,仅略低于P25型TiO2(99.72%),可在14h内完全降解。根据电子探针和X射线衍射分析结果,认为天然金红石晶格中的V、Fe等杂质可能是提高其可见光响应效果和光催化活性的主要原因。 相似文献
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Nonlinear kinetic analysis of phenol adsorption onto peat soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phenolic compounds are considered as a serious organic pollutant containing in many industrial effluents particularly vulnerable when the plant discharge is disposed on land. In the present study, the phenol removal potential of peat soil as adsorption media was investigated as the adsorption process are gaining popular for polishing treatment of toxic materials in industrial wastewater. Batch experiments were performed in the laboratory to determine the adsorption isotherms of initial concentrations for 5, 8, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L and predetermined quantity of peat soil with size ranges between 425 and 200 μm poured into different containers. The effects of various parameters like initial phenol concentration, adsorbent quantity, pH, and contact time were also investigated. From experimental results, it was found that 42 % of phenol removal took place with optimized initial phenol concentration of 10 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 200 g/L, solution pH 6.0 for the equilibrium contact time of 6 h. The result exhibits that pseudo-first-order (R 2 = 0.99) and Langmuir isotherm models are fitted reasonably (R 2 = 0.91). Adams–Bohart, Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Wolborska models were also investigated to the column experimental data of different bed heights to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the kinetic coefficient of the models using nonlinear regression analysis. It was found that the Thomas model is the best fitted model to predict the experimental breakthrough curves with the highest coefficient of determination, R 2 = 0.99 and lowest root mean square error and mean absolute performance error values. 相似文献
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Haniyeh Jalayeri Faramarz Doulati Ardejani Reza Marandi Saeed Rafiee pur 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3847-3852
Phenol is one of the aromatic hydrocarbons. Phenol and its derivatives are highly toxic. These pollutants can be observed in the effluents of many industries. This research investigates the removal of phenol by the use of activated sludge in a batch system. The effects of influencing factors on biodegradation efficiency have been evaluated. The main factors considered in this study were the volume of acclimatized activated sludge inoculation, pH, temperature, and initial concentration of phenol. The inoculation volumes of 1, 3, and 5 mL of acclimatized activated sludge were taken into account. Different pH values of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 were examined. The experiments were conducted for temperatures of 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C and initial phenol concentrations of 400, 800, 1,000, and 1,500 ppm. The results show that the acclimatized activated sludge has a high capacity for the removal of phenol. From a 100-mL aqueous solution was removed 1,500 ppm of phenol after 80 h. Furthermore, maximum phenol removal was observed for an inoculation volume of 5 mL for three different phenol concentrations of 100, 400, and 800 ppm. The best pH was 7 for the biodegradation process, and the optimum temperature was 30 °C. It was further found that an increase in the phenol concentration increased its removal time. Moreover, the activated sludge could effectively remove about 99.9 % of phenol from a synthetic aqueous solution in a batch system. 相似文献
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采用批实验方法,研究了北京平原典型沉积物对NH+4 N的吸附规律。结果表明颗粒越细的沉积物,达到吸附反应平衡所需的时间越长,对NH+4 N的吸附量也越大;NH+4 N初始浓度在0~50 mg/L范围内,Henry、Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温模式均能较好地描述北京平原典型沉积物对NH+4 N的吸附特性。沉积物对NH+4 N的吸附量随初始浓度的增加而增加;沉积物的颗粒越细,Henry吸附系数K越大,单位质量沉积物的饱和吸附量也越大;沉积物中TOC含量对沉积物的NH+4 N吸附行为有一定的控制作用,永定河、潮白河沉积物TOC值与Henry吸附系数K的相关系数R2分别为050,076;沉积物对NH+4 N的饱和吸附量随着土水比的增加而减少,通过乘幂的方式拟合不同土水比下的饱和吸附量,得出了北京平原包气带沉积物对NH+4 N的饱和吸附量;相同岩性条件下,特别是细颗粒沉积物中,潮白河沉积物对NH+4 N的吸附能力较永定河沉积物强,而同一流域内,中、下游沉积物的吸附能力较上游强。 相似文献