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《地震研究》2016,(3)
基于环境激励信号的桥梁结构响应在线检测系统,利用高灵敏度三分量宽频带地震计,连续监测北京市四座典型在役桥梁在自然荷载作用下的微弱振动信号,分别利用峰值法和互相关函数法获得了在役桥梁结构不同方向上的频谱特征及其结构响应特征。结果表明:(1)三分量地震计能够准确可靠地连续记录宽频带范围内的环境激励的微弱振动信号,非常适用于构建新型的桥梁结构响应检测系统;(2)峰值法和互相关函数法都能够可靠地识别多阶桥梁模态频率,互相关函数法的识别结果更为稳定;(3)桥梁的模态频率受桥梁结构、材料、环境温度等多种因素影响,桥梁不同方向的固有振动频率不同,不同类型的桥梁的结构响应也存在显著差异。该桥梁结构响应检测技术为在役桥梁实时健康诊断打下了基础。 相似文献
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结构模糊随机可靠度的实用计算方法 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文以模糊随机变量为基本变量，定义了结构的模糊随机功能函数，分析了结构有效状态与失效状态之间的模糊性，建立了结构的模糊随机极限状态方程。利用序关系给出单失效模式结构的模糊安全准则，讨论了ａ－约束水平条件下单失效模式结构的失效概率、可靠度及可靠指标，进而得出结构的模糊随机失效概率、模糊随机可靠度及模糊可靠指标等。本文给出的具体计算方法和目前设计规范中彩的方法是相对应的。 相似文献
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通过分析网络信息安全的现状,提出了物理安全、逻辑安全和安全管理三个一级评判指标和26个二级评判指标,利用模糊综合评判方法对某单位局域网信息安全实例进行了评判,提出了一种基于圆形分布的隶属度分布函数,并进行了使用和验证。 相似文献
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地震会导致重大的经济损失及人员伤亡,对混凝土桥梁造成的损失易较为严重,因此,开展混凝土桥梁地震灾害损失评估的研究具有重要的现实意义。传统评估方法主要用于变量衡量混凝土桥梁结构在主余震作用下,混凝土桥梁的响应和性态水平,但忽略了余震作用对混凝土桥梁的影响,导致对地震灾害损失评估耗时大、不准确的问题。在主余震作用下,提出基于地震灾害损失分解的混凝土桥梁地震灾害损失评估方法。采用非线性动力分析确定易损性函数,得到易损性曲线图的基础上,基于参数对数正态分布模型,分析混凝土桥梁概率地震需求;以经济损失及人口损失为指标,进行分解评估的基础上,建立混凝土桥梁地震灾害损失评估模型,达到评估混凝土桥梁地震灾害损失的目的。实验结果表明:采用改进方法进行混凝土桥梁地震损伤评估时,其评估误差率要优于传统方法,评估结果更加接近实际情况,具有一定的优势。 相似文献
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研究发现汶川地震公路桥梁震害调查数据中低烈度区(Ⅵ度和Ⅶ度区)桥梁数量,相对于高烈度区而言,不够全面详实,大量缺乏对完好桥梁的记录,基于调查数据建立的震害矩阵与实际情况有较大偏差。为提高其可靠性,在缺乏相关资料的背景下,认为灾区场地条件类似,按照桥梁调查数量与烈度区面积相关的原则对低烈度区的调查数据予以补充。之后,制作出各地震烈度下的破坏概率直方图,通过拟合常见的几种经验分布函数对公路桥梁震害矩阵进行了改进。 相似文献
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以收集的国内96片装配式钢筋混凝土剪力墙试验数据为基础,对采用规范中现浇剪力墙抗弯承载力设计公式进行“等同现浇”的装配式剪力墙抗弯承载力设计的可靠性进行评估。分析结果表明：规范中抗弯承载力设计公式用于“等同现浇”的装配式剪力墙抗弯承载力设计具有较高的准确度,但其可靠指标未能满足目标可靠指标[β]=3.7的要求。为了达到目标可靠指标的要求,采用可靠指标调整系数0.95对规范中抗弯承载力设计公式进行修正。经分析,修正后的设计公式用于等同现浇连接的装配式钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗弯承载力设计的可靠指标均值达到3.782 8,满足目标可靠指标[β]=3.7的要求。 相似文献
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基于区间值模糊C-均值算法的土地覆盖分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用区间值数据描述聚类原型特征更符合遥感数据的模糊性特点,即传感器获取的地物反射光谱的不确定性和不均匀性在影像上的反映.本文以遥感影像数据为基础构建了区间值数据模型,并提出一种区间最大相异度量方法,进而进行基于区间值数据的模糊C-均值聚类.利用珠三角地区SPOT5卫星和青海玉树附近的TM影像数据进行基于区间值模糊C-均值算法的土地覆盖分类实验.结果表明区间值数据的模糊C-均值算法兼顾了模糊聚类的泛函特性和地物反射光谱的条带特点,从而可以明显改善聚类效果,尤其可以降低"同物异谱"现象对聚类结果的不利影响,而区间最大相异度量可实现基于多波段遥感影像构建的区间向量的最大可分离度,有效抑制类间光谱混叠造成的错分现象,进一步改善聚类效果,最终结果明显优于传统的模糊C-均值聚类方法. 相似文献
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本文提出了一种预报地震的模糊数学方法。该方法包括:(1)从特征因素和预报指标二个论域进行多相模糊统计;(2)对所得的隶属函数进行直积运算,并用条件概率公式建立模糊关系矩阵;(3)通过模糊变换和最大隶属优势准则得出预报意见。对云南地区近期地震活动的预报试验表明,该方法是可行的。 相似文献
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套筒灌浆连接是装配式建筑竖向预制构件连接的主要形式.为深入研究钢筋套筒灌浆连接的受拉性能,通过ABAQUS建立了4组三维钢筋套筒有限元模型,并进行了单调拉伸试验模拟,模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合,验证了模型的可靠性.最后,基于有限元模型模拟研究了灌浆缺陷对钢筋套筒受拉性能的影响.研究结果表明:混凝土塑性损伤模型可以较好的... 相似文献
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通过模态分析研究了抗震设防烈度为8度（0.3g）的混合结构与全钢结构两种阀厅结构方案的动力特性,基于地震动的地震学模型与概率密度演化法分析了全钢阀厅的非线性随机动力可靠度,根据阀厅角柱柱顶位移响应得到了全钢阀厅动力影响的概率密度曲面及典型时刻的概率密度曲线。研究结果表明:阀塔对结构整体刚度影响较小,工程中可采用无阀模型进行简化计算;高烈度设防地区,推荐采用结构布置相对规则的钢结构方案;随机动力分析相比于确定性分析更能反应地震作用下阀厅动力响应的客观规律;阀厅钢结构方案在罕遇地震作用下可靠度较高,结构安全可靠。 相似文献
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为研究不同加固方式对钢筋混凝土(RC)圆截面桥墩抗震性能的影响,利用OpenSees有限元软件建立了普通RC桥墩以及分别采用钢套管、碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)、体外预应力筋进行加固的桥墩数值分析模型,对模型输入远断层地震动,进行增量动力分析。以墩顶峰值位移角与震后残余位移角为指标,对比分析了桥墩加固前后的地震响应。结果表明:采用钢套管、体外预应力筋和CFRP加固后,RC桥墩的峰值位移与震后残余位移均减小,钢套管加固方式对桥墩峰值位移的降低幅度最大,体外预应力筋加固方式对抑制桥墩震后残余位移的效果最好;随着剪跨比的增大,3种加固方式对桥墩在地震动作用下位移响应的抑制作用均逐步减小;随着轴压比的增大,3种加固方式对RC桥墩峰值位移的抑制作用逐步降低。 相似文献
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桥梁作为交通中不可或缺的一部分,对其地震易损性进行研究具有现实意义。针对当前桥梁地震易损性分析方法存在准确性待提升的问题,提出基于模糊评定的钢筋混凝土桥梁地震易损性评估模型。以桥梁结构层次、材料层次及边界层几方面为主对桥梁评估过程中的不确定性参数进行分析。以分析结果为依据,考虑到桥梁损失是一个比较模糊的概念,引入模糊数学中的模糊评定方法对桥梁地震易损性进行评估。融合位移下桥梁支座损伤分析、能量下桥墩损伤分析、周期下桥梁结构整体损伤分析,构建可以反映钢筋混凝土桥梁由局部到整体的多层次模糊易损性评估模型。通过实验对所建模型进行验证,结果显示：在纵向只发生轻微破坏,且轻微破坏的概率较小,基本处于完好状态。而在横向,发生轻微破坏的概率较大,甚至还可能发生中等破坏。在地震作用下,桥梁破坏也基本以轻微破坏和中等破坏为主,严重破坏的概率很小。 相似文献
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以某高速铁路线上一座连续梁桥为例,运用模糊综合评判法,结合基于位移的支座损伤分析和截面曲率的桥墩损伤分析,以全概率理论地震损失模型为基础,提出了基于模糊理论的桥梁系统地震经济风险评估方法。结果表明:综合考虑桥梁系统的模糊地震经济风险分析方法能更全面地计算出连续梁桥在地震作用下的经济损失,仅以桥墩构件代表全桥所得地震经济损失误差较大。基于模糊理论的年预期损失风险框架方法通过结构抗震性能的概率特征可对高速铁路连续梁桥的地震直接经济风险进行全面评估,为该类桥梁的抗震设计、维修加固和灾后重建等方案做出合理评价。 相似文献
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Utilizing the rainfall intensity, and slope data, a fuzzy logic algorithm was developed to estimate sediment loads from bare soil surfaces. Considering slope and rainfall as input variables, the variables were fuzzified into fuzzy subsets. The fuzzy subsets of the variables were considered to have triangular membership functions. The relations among rainfall intensity, slope, and sediment transport were represented by a set of fuzzy rules. The fuzzy rules relating input variables to the output variable of sediment discharge were laid out in the IF-THEN format. The commonly used weighted average method was employed for the defuzzification procedure.The sediment load predicted by the fuzzy model was in satisfactory agreement with the measured sediment load data. Predicting the mean sediment loads from experimental runs, the performance of the fuzzy model was compared with that of the artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the physics-based models. The results of showed revealed that the fuzzy model performed better under very high rainfall intensities over different slopes and over very steep slopes under different rainfall intensities. This is closely related to the selection of the shape and frequency of the fuzzy membership functions in the fuzzy model. 相似文献
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随机结构动力可靠度分析的极值概率密度方法 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
提出了随机结构动力可靠度分析的极值概率密度方法。基于概率密度演化的基本思想,构造一个虚拟随机过程,使得随机结构动力反应的极值为该虚拟随机过程的截口随机变量。进而．采用概率密度演化方法,建立概率密度演化方程并求解给出随机结构动力反应的极值分布。在安全域内积分即可给出结构动力可靠度,当安全界限为随机变量时,采用这一方法几乎不增加额外的工作量,与随机模拟结果的比较表明,本文建议方法具有良好的精度和效率。 相似文献
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Probabilistic-fuzzy health risk modeling 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Health risk analysis of multi-pathway exposure to contaminated water involves the use of mechanistic models that include many uncertain and highly variable parameters. Currently, the uncertainties in these models are treated using statistical approaches. However, not all uncertainties in data or model parameters are due to randomness. Other sources of imprecision that may lead to uncertainty include scarce or incomplete data, measurement error, data obtained from expert judgment, or subjective interpretation of available information. These kinds of uncertainties and also the non-random uncertainty cannot be treated solely by statistical methods. In this paper we propose the use of fuzzy set theory together with probability theory to incorporate uncertainties into the health risk analysis. We identify this approach as probabilistic-fuzzy risk assessment (PFRA). Based on the form of available information, fuzzy set theory, probability theory, or a combination of both can be used to incorporate parameter uncertainty and variability into mechanistic risk assessment models. In this study, tap water concentration is used as the source of contamination in the human exposure model. Ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact are considered as multiple exposure pathways. The tap water concentration of the contaminant and cancer potency factors for ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact are treated as fuzzy variables while the remaining model parameters are treated using probability density functions. Combined utilization of fuzzy and random variables produces membership functions of risk to individuals at different fractiles of risk as well as probability distributions of risk for various alpha-cut levels of the membership function. The proposed method provides a robust approach in evaluating human health risk to exposure when there is both uncertainty and variability in model parameters. PFRA allows utilization of certain types of information which have not been used directly in existing risk assessment methods. 相似文献
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This work presents a new seismic evaluation methodology for corroded reinforced concrete bridges on the basis of nonlinear static pushover analysis. Corrosion of steel reinforcement by chloride attack is considered. At the material level, the effects of corrosion are considered by modeling the degradation of the mechanical properties of steel reinforcement, softening of cover concrete under compression, degradation of core concrete due to confinement steel corrosion, and reduction of bond strength between concrete and steel reinforcement. At the structural level, the effects of corrosion on both flexural behavior and shear behavior, and their interaction are considered. Eleven bridges of various structural types in Taiwan that are located within 6.5 km of their nearest coastline are analyzed to identify their long‐term seismic performance. Relationships between the yield and collapse peak ground accelerations (PGAs), and service time and corrosion level are established for each bridge. Analysis results show that chloride corrosion starts in 2–32 years. The transverse steel reinforcement typically starts corroding before the longitudinal steel reinforcement, as the former has a thicker cover. Research results show that collapse PGA reduces by 0.94% or 1.23% per 10 years when the mean value plus 1 or 2 standard deviation of the collapse PGA values are considered, respectively. Therefore, we suggest increasing the design PGA from 4.70% to 6.15% for a bridge adjacent to a coastline to ensure adequate long‐term seismic performance for 50 years, the typical design life span of a regular bridge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为研究高烈度地区不等跨连续梁桥的抗震性能，依托某高速公路上一座主跨为（40+60+35）m的典型不等跨连续梁桥，建立其动力分析有限元模型，获得该桥的模态特性。在E1概率和E2概率两种地震水平作用下，同时采用反应谱分析和时程分析法，对不等跨桥梁结构的地震响应进行分析。最后根据桥墩验算截面的弯矩-曲率关系曲线，探讨该桥梁的抗震性能。研究结果表明：动态时程反应分析与反应谱分析所得的结果基本吻合，由于反应谱分析假定结构线弹性状态而时程反应分析考虑了材料的弹塑性，在E2概率水平下，两者个别响应值有较大差别；由于反应谱法是对各阶模态下最大响应的组合，动态时程反应分析是同一时刻各地震波引起的结构响应的组合，因而时域和频域计算结果会存在一些误差，频域结果偏于保守；E1、E2概率地震作用下，主桥桥墩检算截面仍然在弹性范围内工作，满足弹性设计要求。 相似文献
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The current AASHTO load and resistance factor design (LRFD) guidelines are formulated based on bridge reliability,which interprets traditional design safety factors into more rigorously deduced factors based on the theory of probability.This is a major advancement in bridge design specifications.However,LRFD is only calibrated for dead and live loads.In cases when extreme loads are significant,they need to be individually assessed.Combining regular loads with extreme loads has been a major challenge,mainly because the extreme loads are time variable and cannot be directly combined with time invariant loads to formulate the probability of structural failure.To overcome these difficulties,this paper suggests a methodology of comprehensive reliability,by introducing the concept of partial failure probability to separate the loads so that each individual load combination under a certain condition can be approximated as time invariant.Based on these conditions,the extreme loads (also referred to as multiple hazard or MH loads) can be broken down into single effects.In this paper,a further breakdown of these conditional occurrence probabilities into pure conditions is discussed by using a live truck and earthquake loads on a bridge as an example. 相似文献