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We compare two methods for monitoring the dynamic response of tall buildings to wind loading, using data from a 280-m-high
building in Singapore. The first method is based on accelerometer measurements. The second method is based on the Global Positioning
System (GPS) technology. The GPS can in principle detect absolute displacements with lower frequencies than the accelerometers,
but the GPS positioning signal is usually very noisy. We propose a systematic procedure for modeling the stochastic and systematic
components of the GPS displacement time series and for extracting the weak structural response from the dominant noise. The
spectrum of the building response obtained from the filtered GPS data exhibits a dominant peak at 0.19 Hz. The frequency of
the peak coincides with that obtained from the analysis of the accelerometer data. The proposed analysis of the GPS signal
provides a method for cross-validating the GPS and accelerometer measurements, and shows that “educated” filtering of the
GPS signal can reveal essential features of the building’s response to wind loading. 相似文献
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Removing attitude-related variations in the line-of-sight for kinematic GPS positioning 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Stavros A. Melachroinos Mayaba Tchalla Richard Biancale Yves Menard 《GPS Solutions》2011,15(3):275-285
We are presenting a method for removing attitude-related variations (ATTRVs) in dynamic 1 Hz GPS positioning. The ATTRVs are
separated into vertical and horizontal components. These result from the translational and rotational motions of the vehicle,
which is a marine research vessel in our case. We have developed new observation equations that use corrected pseudoranges
and carrier phases to account for ATTRVs. In the present contribution, we are only focusing on the vertical signals. These
modeled ATTRVs are included as corrections in the line-of-sight (LoS) to each GPS satellite in the RINEX data sets using a
new software called RNXATTCOR. Precise IGS sp3-orbits are used as inputs together with precise lever arm coordinates of the
onboard GPS antennas, observations from the marine inertial navigation system and a priori 3D position of the vessel. The
corrected RINEX data sets are then processed using kinematic processing or sequential processing in Precise Point Positioning
(PPP) mode. The reduction of the standard deviation from a running mean in the final processed GPS time series is about 95%.
The current method is being proposed for marine geodesy science applications such as along-track calibration/validation of
altimetry products, and also for applications related to offshore kinematic high precision GPS positioning such as drilling,
offshore platforms stability, marine pipeline positioning, earthquake monitoring and tsunami detection. 相似文献
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Xiaojing Li Linlin Ge Eliathamby Ambikairajah Chris Rizos Yukio Tamura Akihito Yoshida 《GPS Solutions》2006,10(4):233-247
Accurate in situ measurement of the full-scale structural responses, especially tall buildings, under severe loading conditions is an important requirement for validating their design, evaluating their construction as well as facilitating their maintenance. Traditionally such response has been measured using accelerometers. However, it is impossible to measure the static and quasi-static components of motion with acceleration sensors. An integrated system comprising of RTK-GPS and accelerometers has been developed with the objective of assessing full-scale structural responses by exploiting the complementary characteristics of GPS and accelerometer sensors. The data used in this paper were obtained from GPS and accelerometer sensors installed on a 108-m-high steel tower in Tokyo, together with other sensors such as anemometer and strain gauge. The seismic and wind-induced responses of the tower were analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and compared to results from finite element modeling (FEM). In order to study the system reliability, the correlated signals were extracted by applying a digital filtering technique. Then the filtered data sets were converted to displacement (in the case of accelerometer data) and acceleration (in the case of GPS data) through double integration and double differentiation, respectively, for the purpose of direct comparison and to further fuse data from the two different sensors. The results agree with each other very well, although the static and quasi-static components are missing from the accelerometer-derived results. The redundancy of the monitoring system therefore has been achieved. 相似文献
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A new approach for deformation monitoring of super high-rise building using GPS/BDS technology is proposed for the case when prior coordinates are known and the baseline is short but has a large height difference. The approach is based on the ambiguity function method (AFM). Considering that the double-differenced (DD) troposphere delay residual error cannot be ignored, the relative zenith tropospheric delay (RZTD) parameter is introduced into the original AFM equation. Thus, the RZTD and 3D coordinate parameters are together obtained through the modified AFM (MAFM). Due to the low computational efficiency of conventional AFM, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is used to search the four optimal parameters X/Y/Z/RZTD and replaces the grid search method. In this study, GPS/BDS deformation monitoring data for buildings with approximately 290 m height difference were used to verify the feasibility of the proposed MAFM. Numerical results show a single-epoch average computation time of approximately 0.3 s, which meets the requirements of near-real-time dynamic monitoring. The average accuracy of the GPS single-epoch RZTD solution is better than 1 cm, the combined GPS/BDS MAFM performance outperforms the GPS-only system, and using multi-epoch observations can further improve the accuracy of the RZTD solution. After RZTD correction, GPS/BDS monitoring precision can be improved, particularly the height dimension, whose precision is improved by approximately 6 cm. 相似文献
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Cycle slip detection and repair is an important issue in the GPS data processing. Different methods have been developed to detect and repair cycle slips on undifferenced , single- or double-differenced observations. The issue is still crucial for high-precision GPS positioning, especially for the undifferenced GPS observations. A method is proposed to fix cycle slips based on the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test. The method has a good performance on cycle slip fixing of undifferenced carrier phase observations on individual frequencies, either on L1 or on L2, without making a linear combination among the observables. The functional model is a piecewise cubic curve fitted to a number of consecutive data using the least squares cubic spline approximation (LS-CSA). For fixing the cycle slips, an integer estimation technique is employed to determine the integer values from the float solution. The performance of the proposed method is then compared with the existing two methods using simulated data. The results on a few GPS data sets with sampling rate of 1 Hz or higher confirm that this method can detect and correct all simulated cycle slips regardless of the size of the cycle slip or the satellite elevation angle. The efficacy of the method is then investigated on the GPS data sets with lower sampling rates of 5, 10, and 30 s. The results indicate that the proposed method always performs the best for the data sets considered. This is thus an appropriate method for cycle slip detection and repair of single-frequency GPS observations. 相似文献
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Very high-rate global positioning system (GPS) data has the capacity to quickly resolve seismically related ground displacements, thereby providing great potential for rapidly determining the magnitude and the nature of an earthquake’s rupture process and for providing timely warnings for earthquakes and tsunamis. The GPS variometric approach can measure ground displacements with comparable precision to relative positioning and precise point positioning (PPP) within a short period of time. The variometric approach is based on single-differencing over time of carrier phase observations using only the broadcast ephemeris and a single receiver to estimate velocities, which are then integrated to derive displacements. We evaluate the performance of the variometric approach to measure displacements using 50 Hz GPS data, which were recorded during the 2013 MW 6.6 Lushan earthquake and the 2011 MW 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The comparison between 50 and 1 Hz seismic displacements demonstrates that 1 Hz solutions often fail to faithfully manifest the seismic waves containing high-frequency seismic signals due to aliasing, which is common for near-field stations of a moderate-magnitude earthquake. Results indicate that 10–50 Hz sampling GPS sites deployed close to the source or the ruptured fault are needed for measuring dynamic seismic displacements of moderate-magnitude events. Comparisons with post-processed PPP results reveal that the variometric approach can determine seismic displacements with accuracies of 0.3–4.1, 0.5–2.3 and 0.8–6.8 cm in the east, north and up components, respectively. Moreover, the power spectral density analysis demonstrates that high-frequency noises of seismic displacements, derived using the variometric approach, are smaller than those of PPP-derived displacements in these three components. 相似文献
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拼接是地面激光点云数据处理的必要步骤,但基于同名点的点云拼接方式已成为阻碍点云处理效率提升的长期瓶颈,而直接匹配点云识别同名特征的方法亦对点云重叠区域具有较高的要求。本文提出一种融合语义特征与GPS位置的地面激光点云拼接方法,通过语义知识自动识别出原始三维点云中所包含的地面特征与建筑物立面特征,并使用这两种面状特征结合点云测站中心的GPS位置作为同名标靶进行点云初始拼接,随后使用点到面最小距离约束下的ICP进行点云精确拼接。实验表明,本方法可以有效提高地面激光点云拼接的整体效率,尤其对于包含平面结构（如马路、建筑物）的场景具有良好的拼接效果。 相似文献
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随着工业产品尺寸的不断增大,空间位姿测量需求的不断增多,大尺寸动态测量技术的应用将会非常广泛。目前,大尺寸动态测量技术主要包括全站仪动态测量技术、数字摄影动态测量技术、室内GPS动态测量技术、激光跟踪仪动态测量技术等。本论文从现代工业发展需求出发,介绍了当前几种大尺寸动态测量技术的原理、特点及应用,并对大尺寸动态测量技术的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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受特殊海岸线及复杂海底地形的影响,目前发布的全球海潮模型在局部沿海地区差异较大,需利用其他大地测量手段直接测定沿海地区的海潮负荷位移参数。GPS技术因具有全天候、精度高、成本低等优势,已成为获取海潮负荷位移参数的有效手段。本文基于GPS技术监测测站三维位移变化的灵敏度高于监测48个海潮参数的灵敏度这一基本思想,改进了利用GPS精密单点定位(PPP)技术估计48个海潮调和参数的方法,直接逐历元求解三维海潮负荷位移变化,再利用调和分析方法提取主要潮波(M2、S2、N2、K2、K1、O1、P1、Q1)的海潮负荷位移建模参数(振幅与相位)。利用12个香港连续运行参考站(CORS)8年的GPS观测数据,计算各测站的海潮负荷位移建模参数。与传统方法比较,本文方法可有效加速K1潮波在东西方向的收敛。将GPS海潮负荷位移建模参数估值与中国近海海潮模型值比较,发现除S2、K2和K1潮波的均方根误差较大外,其他潮波的均方根误差均小于1.5mm。将香港2008—2014年验潮站数据反演的潮波参数与海潮模型值比较,结果表明:GPS与验潮站数据反演的潮波参数均与中国近海海潮模型及HAMTIDE2011.11A全球海潮模型符合较好,验证了GPS PPP反演海潮负荷位移的有效性。采用GPS PPP估计的8个潮波的振幅与相位值替换全球海潮模型中对应的潮波值,进行海潮负荷效应改正,可减弱GPS长时间序列中的半周年信号。 相似文献
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GPS seismology 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Kristine M. Larson 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(3-4):227-233
GPS seismology uses convential geodetic models to analyze GPS data at high sampling rates, such as 1 Hz. GPS seismology results are shown for the Denali, San Simeon, Tokachi-oki, and Chuetsu earthquakes. Records for these earthquakes indicate that GPS is an excellent instrument for measuring large displacements near earthquake ruptures. GPS systems can be improved for seismic applications if their sampling rates are increased from 1 to 10 Hz. 相似文献
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海洋平台及其桩腿在长期使用中存在着波浪、海流、风荷载等环境激励作用下的动态响应。本文以海星达H32全能型GNSS RTK双频接收机为试验仪器，采用GPS+GLONASS+BDS三星系组合系统对位于渤海海域的埕岛油田某平台桩腿进行动态变形监测。结合Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition（EEMD）和Butterworth滤波方法的降噪特性，提出一种适用于海洋平台工作环境的新型混合滤波方法MDB，并用Matlab软件编制的程序对GNSS RTK监测数据进行分析，得到桩腿测点的实时振动位移曲线。结果表明：GNSS RTK结合MDB滤波技术用于海洋平台桩腿动态变形监测是可行的；MDB滤波器能有效去除海洋平台振动信息的随机噪声和多路径误差；从去除多路径误差和随机噪声之后的海洋平台桩腿测点位移云图，可以非常清楚地看出桩腿在环境激励作用下水平方向产生的可逆位移轨迹，这对海洋平台结构健康监测、诊断和评估具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Youness Dehbi Fabian Hadiji Gerhard Gröger Kristian Kersting Lutz Plümer 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(1):134-150
The automatic interpretation of 3D point clouds for building reconstruction is a challenging task. The interpretation process requires highly structured models representing semantics. Formal grammars can describe structures as well as the parameters of buildings and their parts. We propose a novel approach for the automatic learning of weighted attributed context‐free grammar rules for 3D building reconstruction, supporting the laborious manual design of rules. We separate structure from parameter learning. Specific Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used to generate a weighted context‐free grammar and predict structured outputs such as parse trees. The grammar is extended by parameters and constraints, which are learned based on a statistical relational learning method using Markov Logic Networks (MLNs). MLNs enforce the topological and geometric constraints. MLNs address uncertainty explicitly and provide probabilistic inference. They are able to deal with partial observations caused by occlusions. Uncertain projective geometry is used to deal with the uncertainty of the observations. Learning is based on a large building database covering different building styles and façade structures. In particular, a treebank that has been derived from the database is employed for structure learning. 相似文献
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GPS observations of the ionospheric F2-layer behavior during the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
The ionospheric F2-layer peak density (NmF2) and its height (hmF2) are of great influence on the shape of the ionospheric
electron density profile Ne (h) and may be indicative of other physical processes within the ionosphere, especially those
due to geomagnetic storms. Such parameters are often estimated using models such as the semiempirical international reference
ionosphere (IRI) models or are measured using moderately priced to expensive instrumentation, such as ionosondes or incoherent
scatter radars. Global positioning system (GPS) observations have become a powerful tool for mapping high-resolution ionospheric
structures, which can be used to study the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms. In this paper, we describe how 3-D
ionospheric electron density profiles were produced from data of the dense permanent Korean GPS network using the tomography
reconstruction technique. These profiles are verified by independent ionosonde data. The responses of GPS-derived parameters
at the ionospheric F2-layer to the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea are investigated. A fairly large
increase in the electron density at the F2-layer peak (the NmF2) (positive storm) has been observed during this storm, which
is accompanied by a significant uplift in the height of the F2 layer peak (the hmF2). This is confirmed by independent ionosonde
observations. We suggest that the F2-layer peak height uplift and NmF2 increase are mainly associated with a strong eastward
electric field, and are not associated with the increase of the O/N2 ratio obtained from the GUVI instruments aboard the TIMED satellite. It is also inferred that the increase in NmF2 is not
caused by the changes in neutral composition, but is related to other nonchemical effects, such as dynamical changes of vertical
ion motions induced by winds and E × B drifts, tides and waves in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region, which can be dynamically
coupled upward to generate ionospheric perturbations and oscillations. 相似文献