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1.
A sudden acceleration of the Kuroshio jet appears off Cape Shionomisaki in the high-resolution (horizontal resolution of 1/36°) JCOPE 2 ocean reanalysis data. Using this dataset, we investigated the structure of the Kuroshio acceleration. The increase in the velocity of the current is accompanied by a downstream flow separation from the coast and an outcrop of cold temperature inshore. The acceleration of Kuroshio appears when it takes a near-shore path. Cape Shionomisaki amplifies the responses to the Kuroshio flow by creating the zonal velocity acceleration toward the downstream region when the Kuroshio flows closer to the coast. The Kuroshio acceleration coincided with the topographic ridge on the continental shelf near Cape Shionomisaki. This relation suggests that the dynamics of the acceleration is linked to the topographic feature. We proposed an explanation of the Kuroshio acceleration using a hydraulic control theory. An analytical solution was applied to the coastal topography around the Kii Peninsula. The solution captured some aspects of the Kuroshio acceleration. 相似文献
2.
Yasumasa Miyazawa Toru Miyama Sergey M. Varlamov Xinyu Guo Takuji Waseda 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(4):645-659
We investigated the feasibility of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to reproduce oceanic conditions south of Japan. We have
adopted the local ensemble transformation Kalman filter algorithm based on 20 members’ ensemble simulations of the parallelized
Princeton Ocean Model (the Stony Brook Parallel Ocean Model) with horizontal resolution of 1/36°. By assimilating satellite
sea surface height anomaly, satellite sea surface temperature, and in situ temperature and salinity profiles, we reproduced
the Kuroshio variation south of Japan for the period from 8 to 28 February 2010. EnKF successfully reproduced the Kuroshio
path positions and the water mass property of the Kuroshio waters as observed. It also detected the variation of the steep
thermohaline front in the Kii Channel due to the intrusion of the Kuroshio water based on the observation, suggesting efficiency
of EnKF for detection of open and coastal seas interactions with highly complicated spatiotemporal variability. 相似文献
3.
Short-range prediction experiments of the Kuroshio path variabilities south of Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Assimilation and prediction experiments of the Kuroshio path variability south of Japan were conducted to investigate the
predictability of the Kuroshio path. The assimilation and prediction system is composed of an eddy-resolving model and a three-dimensional
variational analysis scheme with vertical coupled temperature–salinity empirical orthogonal function modes. The sea surface
height (SSH) variability and the variations of the Kuroshio path of the assimilation fields are in good agreement with those
observed. The results of the assimilation are then used as the initial conditions for 138 cases of 90-day prediction experiments
conducted from 1993 to 2004. The predictive limit of our system is assessed by the SSH anomaly in the assimilation field and
is found to be around 40–60 days, which is much longer than that of the persistence. The prediction results show good performance
in the transition stage from a straight to a meandering path. For example, a large meandering event that occurred in August
2004 is successfully predicted in a 2-month forecast. Two types of failure cases are investigated. One is a case where the
eastward propagation speed of the meander is faster than a real state. The dynamical response of the model to the assimilation
revealed that an initial shock, caused by the dynamically unbalanced initial condition, induces the fast eastward propagation
of the meander. The other case exhibits an unrealistic meander. In this case, a cold anomaly at an intermediate layer in the
initial condition grows rapidly and results in the unrealistic meander. This implies that the Kuroshio path south of Japan
has a chaotic nature. These facts revealed by the failure cases give us some insight for improving the predictive skill of
the Kuroshio path variability. 相似文献
4.
Andrés Iroumé Manuel Cartagena Luisa Villablanca Daniel Sanhueza Bruno Mazzorana Lorenzo Picco 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(9):1959-1973
The eco-hydrogeomorphic significance of large wood (LW) and its potential for increasing downstream hazards during extreme floods have been widely recognized. We used LW data collected for a 10-year period from the two low-order streams of Pichún (Pi) and Vuelta de Zorra (VZ) in Southern Chile to (a) determine if the abundance and dimensions of individual LW pieces change with time, (b) quantify wood load fluctuations during the 10-year period, and (c) assess the role of LW recruitment from the riparian forests to explain wood load fluctuations during the study period. Nine years after the first survey, the number of LW pieces in Pi and VZ diminished by 60 and 40%, respectively. Despite the reduction in these numbers, in Pi, the LW dimensions did not change significantly during the study. In VZ, the dimensions exhibited statistically significant differences, despite being within the same class. In both catchments, the LW load fluctuated during a 10-year period, but the drivers of change differed. Although tree toppling was the recruitment mechanism responsible for LW in both stream cases, the high wood load measured in Pi at the beginning of the study suggested massive tree recruitments before the first survey, followed by wood exports which were higher than inputs in the subsequent 10-year period. In VZ, LW load decreased during the first 9 years (mean annual rate of ~9.2 m3 year−1) and then increased by ~12.1 m3 year−1 in year 10. At VZ, the inputs consisted of single trees that were recruited from the riparian area and by upstream flotation, while exports occurred by downstream fluvial transport. Wood inputs and exports occurred asynchronously and led to LW load fluctuations at decadal and annual intervals. Land management and tree species thus exert a major influence on wood inventory and budget in streams. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
V. P. Sivokon’ 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(4):513-519
The paper proposes a method for observing electromagnetic fluctuations in a range of geomagnetic pulsations based on the registration
of electrojet variations in the ULF-VLF hiss band modulated by these electromagnetic fluctuations. The observations of natural
noise at the Kamchatka electric networks made it possible to detect electromagnetic fluctuations in the (35–67) × 10−3 Hz frequency band. It has been indicated that these fluctuations can originate in the ionospheric-magnetospheric oscillatory
circuit formed by magnetic force tubes (inductance) and the electrojet-Earth region (capacity). 相似文献
6.
A large meander of the Kuroshio was generated in the region off the southern coast of Japan in August 2004 and continued until approximately July 2005. The formation and decay of the large-meander (LM) path was observed by bottom pressure (BP) sensors installed on inverted echo sounders (PIESs) and a seismic observing system off Shikoku. The variation in BP was examined focusing on the development, persistence, and decay of the LM path. The BP was found to be depressed associated with a Kuroshio path disturbance, called a small meander, and this BP depression led the sea surface height (SSH) depression by up to approximately two months. The temporal phase shift between the sea surface and deep disturbances was significantly greater than those of other small meanders that did not develop into large meanders. After the formation of the LM path, the BP beneath the Kuroshio increased with a lag of approximately two months behind the SSH elevation along with the upward displacement of the main thermocline. The increase in BP is associated with that of the positive southward BP gradient anomaly, i.e., the eastward deep Kuroshio current anomaly, which suggests an enhancement of the topographic steering and stability of the LM path. This is consistent with the fact that no small meanders occurred in the early LM period from late July 2004 to late January 2005. 相似文献
7.
基于2004~2006年12个航次的水文资料,用逆方法计算得到了奄美大岛以东AE断面琉球海流的流速和体积流量.再次证实琉球海流具有较稳定的次表层流核结构,流核位于110～600 m深度,并沿AE线分布于27.2°～28.2°N,流核的最大流速为15.1～80.0 cm·s-1. 12个航次的平均流速断面显示了一个完整的次表层流核,其流核的最大流速为21.3 cm·s-1, 流核的垂直和水平尺度分别为800 m 和 30 km. 观测结果表明,2004~2006年之间,琉球海流冬季、春季、夏季、秋季和年平均的流量分别为10.9,10.1,5.9,23.9和12.7×106 m3·s-1,秋季最强,夏季最弱.日本以南黑潮净流量为52.7×106 m3·s-1, 其中源于吐噶喇海峡黑潮和琉球海流的流量平均比为0.40. 相似文献
8.
Measurements of the hydroxyl rotational temperatures at about 87 km altitude above Wuppertal (51.3°N, 7.2°E), Germany, are analysed. The time series covers the time interval from 1987 until 2005 and consists of more than 4000 night mean temperature data. Seasonal and longer-term trends are removed from the data set and OH* temperature fluctuations on temporal scales of about 3–40 days are derived. Various spectral analysis techniques (harmonic analysis, maximum entropy method and wavelet transform) are applied. Can – due to the Sun's rotation – the irregular pattern of sunspots on the solar disc lead to OH* temperature fluctuations? Pronounced spectral components in the OH* temperature fluctuations around a period from 27 to 31 days are frequently observed. We tentatively attribute these signatures to the differential rotation of the Sun: Sun's equatorial regions rotate faster (taking only about 27 days) than the polar regions. Sunspots occur at heliographic latitudes at about ±40°, which correspond to a rotation rate of about 27–31 days. The OH* temperature fluctuations within this period range show a long-term modulation of 11 years. Thus, tracking the spectral intensity of the 27- to 31-day component should allow the indirect monitoring of the solar sunspot cycle. 相似文献
9.
Low-frequency current fluctuations in the deep central equatorial Atlantic are analyzed using current meter measurements recorded
from November 1992 to November 1994. Current meters were located at about 14°W of longitude and 1° of latitude on both sides
of the equator between 1,700 m depth and the ocean bottom. At all sampling depths, the velocity fluctuations are dominantly
zonal and symmetrical with respect to the equator. At 1,700 and 2,000 m, the flow is dominated by annual period fluctuations,
at 3,000 m, the velocity field amplitude presents a minimum, and at 3,750 and 3,950 m, the flow is modulated by annual and
semiannual period variability. The annual signal exhibits an apparent upward phase propagation. When considering the phase
and the amplitude of the seasonal fluctuations, the data compare well with the outputs of a realistic numerical simulation
of the Atlantic Ocean. Together with a previous analysis of the model simulations, this supports the idea that the observed
annual fluctuations are due to wind-forced vertically propagating Kelvin and Rossby waves. Data and model do not provide deciding
evidences of the presence of semiannual equatorial waves deeper than 3,500 m depth in the central equatorial Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
10.
The present paper uses planktonic foraminifera and their stable isotopes to study the changes in the depth of thermocline
(DOT) in the Okinawa Trough since the last 10000 a based on the analysis of Core B-3GC in the northern Okinawa Trough, together
with that of the core in the southern Okinawa Trough. As results show, the thermocline was shallow before 6400 aBP, and deepened
afterward, then became shallow again from 4000 to 2000 aBP. The DOT fluctuations display a positive correlation with those
of sea surface temperature (SST). In addition, the changes in the northern Okinawa Trough are similar to those in the southern
trough, implying a possible connection with the variation of the Kuroshio Current. The changes of SST and DOT suggest that
the Kuroshio Current changed its intensity or main axis from 4000 to 2000 aBP and around about 6400 aBP respectively. Moreover,
the changes of DOT from 8200 to 6400 aBP may indicate a gradual intensification of the Kuroshio Current. 相似文献
11.
Numerical study of upper ocean response to a typhoon moving zonally across the Luzon Strait 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Luzon Strait (LS) is a wide channel between Taiwan and the Luzon islands. Eastward of the LS, the Kuroshio Current (KC)
flows northward along the eastern coasts of Luzon and Taiwan. A typhoon is a strong and localized low-pressure weather system
that occurs frequently in the vicinity of the Taiwan area. One typical typhoon track, passing through the seas surrounding
Taiwan, is a zonal path across the LS. The satellite measured SST, corresponding to typhoons Pabuk (5 Aug. 2007–12 Aug. 2007)
and Dujuan (29 Aug. 2003–5 Sep. 2003), which both moved along this path, demonstrated that a classic right bias cooling occurs
to the north of the storm track, during the typhoon forced period. However, some cold anomaly water also present toward left
(south) of the storm track east of the LS in the relaxation period. This paper adopted a three-dimensional hydrostatic primitive
equation model to study the possible causes of this southward transport of cold waters. Both model results and the observed
SST anomaly revealed that the strength of the upper ocean cooling depends on whether a resonant regime between the typhoon
winds and the near-inertial currents can be excited. To the east of the LS, the convergence between the warm Kuroshio water
and the cold wakes in the poststorm period will enhance the southward spreading of cold anomaly water. The enhanced vertical
mixing, induced by the southward propagation of nearly inertial waves associated with the cold wakes, can also produce some
cold anomaly to the south of a storm track in the poststorm period. Both mechanisms can contribute to the occurrence of some
cold anomaly water to the south of the storm track east of the KC. To the west of the LS, the convergence between the warm
Kuroshio water and the cold upwelling water from the northern South China Sea can further strengthen the Kuroshio front in
the LS. 相似文献
12.
Petroleum residues, or tar lumps, are concentrated in the northwestern portion of the Pacific Ocean, particularly in the Kuroshio current system. The source of the tar appears to be tank washings from tankers on the very large Middle East to Japan route. Tar pollutants apparently are discharged by tankers south of Japan, become entrained in the Kuroshio current, and create a plume of contamination which extends downstream for 7000 km across the Pacific. 相似文献
13.
Hirose Nariaki Usui Norihisa Sakamoto Kei Tsujino Hiroyuki Yamanaka Goro Nakano Hideyuki Urakawa Shogo Toyoda Takahiro Fujii Yosuke Kohno Nadao 《Ocean Dynamics》2019,69(11):1333-1357
We developed a new system to monitor and forecast coastal and open-ocean states around Japan for operational use by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The system consists of an eddy-resolving analysis model based on four-dimensional variational assimilation and a high (2-km) resolution forecast model covering Japanese coastal areas that incorporates an initialization scheme with temporal and spatial filtering. Assimilation and forecast experiments were performed for 2008 to 2017, and the results were validated against various observation datasets. The assimilation results captured well the observed variability in sea surface temperature, coastal sea level, volume transport, and sea ice. Furthermore, the volume budget for the Japan Sea was significantly improved by the use of the 2-km resolution forecast model compared with the 10-km resolution analysis model. The forecast results indicate that this system has a predictive limit longer than 1 month in many areas, including in the Kuroshio current area south of Japan and the southern Japan Sea. In the forecast results of case studies, the 2017 Kuroshio large meander was well predicted, and warm water intrusions accompanying Kuroshio path variations south of Japan were also successfully reproduced. Sea ice forecasts for the Sea of Okhotsk largely captured the evolution of sea ice in late winter, but sea ice in early winter included relatively large errors. This system has high potential to meet operational requirements for monitoring and forecasting ocean phenomena at both meso- and coastal scales.
相似文献14.
Wang Jia Chang Fengming Li Tiegang Sun Hanjie Cui Yikun Liu Tianhao 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(11):1714-1729
Meridional heat transport of the western Pacific boundary current (the Kuroshio Current) is one of the key factors in global climate change. This current is important because it controls the temperature gradient between low latitudes and the North Pacific and so significantly influences mid-latitude atmosphere-ocean interactions. Here we reconstruct changes in hydrological conditions within the mid-latitude mainstream of the Kuroshio Current based on faunal analysis of planktonic foraminifera in core DSDP 296 from the Northwest Pacific Ocean. This approach enabled us to deduce evolutionary processes within the Kuroshio Current since the Pliocene. A total of 57 species in the coarser section (>150 µim) were identified; results indicate that planktonic foraminiferal faunal evolution has mainly been characterized by three major stages, the first of which comprised mixed-layer warm-water species of Globigerinoides ruber which first appeared between 3.5 and 2.7 Ma and then gradually increased in content. Percentages of another warm-water species of G. conglobatus also gradually increased in number over this interval. Variations in warm-water species indicate a gradual rise in sea surface temperature (SST) and imply initiation of Kuroshio Current impact on the Northwest Pacific Ocean since at least 3.5 Ma. Secondly, over the period between 2.7 and 2.0 Ma, thermocline species of Globigerina calida, Neogloboquadrina humersa, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata started to appear in the section. This fauna was dominated by G. ruber as well as increasing G. conglobatus contents. These features imply a further rise in SST and its gradually enhanced influence on thermocline water, suggesting strengthening of the Kuroshio Current since 2.7 Ma. Thirdly, between 2.0 Ma and present, increasing contents of thermocline species (i.e., G. calida, N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata) indicate a gradual rise in seawater temperature at this depth and also imply more intensive Kuroshio Current during this period. On the basis of comparative records from cores ODP 806 and DSDP 292 from the low latitude Western Pacific, we propose that initiation of the impact of the Kuroshio Current in the Northwest Pacific and it subsequent stepwise intensifications since 3.5 Ma can be closely related to the closure and restriction of the Indonesian and Central American seaways as well as variations in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) and equatorial Pacific region.
相似文献15.
Jeffrey D. Wilcox 《水文研究》2019,33(11):1538-1541
Solar eclipses provide opportunities to observe unusual natural phenomena. This paper presents data showing that diurnal groundwater fluctuations were briefly interrupted in a Southern Appalachian fen following a total solar eclipse on August 21, 2017. Groundwater levels, which were rapidly declining in the middle of a summer afternoon, nearly stabilized following totality. This anomaly in the water‐level record was caused by reduced evapotranspiration (ET). ET was significantly lower (36% ± 11%, p < 0.02) over a 45‐min time period following the eclipse when compared with other days within the study period, although the effects were short lived and did not have a significant impact on the daily total ET (p > 0.05). These findings may prompt evaluation of existing groundwater records along the path of totality from past eclipses or plan for studies ahead of future eclipses. 相似文献
16.
I-Huan Lee Dong Shan Ko Yu-Huai Wang Luca Centurioni Dong-Ping Wang 《Ocean Dynamics》2013,63(9-10):1027-1040
The relationship between the Kuroshio volume transport east of Taiwan (~24°N) and the impinging mesoscale eddies is investigated using 8-year reanalysis of a primitive equation ocean model that assimilates satellite altimetry and SST data. The mean and fluctuations of the model Kuroshio transport agree well with the available observations. Analysis of model dynamic heights and velocity fields reveals three dominant eddy modes. The first mode describes a large eddy of ~500 km in diameter, centered at ~22° N. The second mode describes a pair of the north–south counter-rotating eddies of?~?400 km in diameter each, centered at 23° and 20° N, respectively. The third mode describes a pair of the east–west counter-rotating eddies of?~?300 km in diameter each, centered at 21° N. The associated velocity fields indicate eddies extending to 600–700 m in depth with vertical shears concentrated in the upper 400 m. All three modes and the model Kuroshio transport have similar dominant timescales of 70–150 days and generally are coherent. The decreased Kuroshio volume transports typically are associated with the impinging cyclonic eddies and the increased transports with the anticyclonic eddies. Selected drifter trajectories are presented to illustrate the three eddy modes and their correspondence with the varying Kuroshio transports. 相似文献
17.
Using historical in situ temperature record, we investigate interannual variability of temperature in summer over Bungo Channel, Tosa Bay, and Kii Channel (hereafter “BTK”), south of Japan. This study aims to reveal the interregional relation of the subsurface temperature variability between the shelf and slope as well as between BTK, and specify the primary cause of the temperature variability in terms of the Kuroshio path. It is shown that 100-m temperature on the slope of BTK is synchronous with each other and highly correlated with coastal sea levels from Kyushu to Kii Peninsula, suggesting that subsurface temperature over the slope varies simultaneously on spatial scales of 400–500 km in the along-slope direction. The 100-m temperature on the slope is also correlated with the near-bottom temperature on the shelf, implying that the near-bottom temperature is determined mainly by the larger-scale variability over the slope. The Kuroshio state in summer of each year is classified into the large meander (LM), non-large meander (NLM), and intermittent larger meander (IM) propagating eastward along the slope. It is found that remarkable temperature increases are accompanied by the IM propagations south of BTK. Temperatures during the IM and LM period are significantly different, the means of which are the highest and lowest, respectively. Temperature during the NLM period with the second highest mean value exhibits the largest variance. Statistical analysis suggests that this variance is related to the Kuroshio axis shift over Izu Ridge between the nearshore and offshore NLM paths. 相似文献
18.
The statistical behaviour of the sudden enhancement in signal strength (SES) in relation to solar X-ray flares has been studied for the near east-west propagation of 40 kHz radio waves from Sanwa (36°11’N; 139°51’E) in Japan to Calcutta (22°34’N; 88°24’E) over a long distance path of 5100 km for a period of two years. The period has been divided into four phases - P1, P2, P3 and P4, according to the position of the overhead sun. The change in signal strength during X-ray flares is dependent on the solar zenith angle and climatic conditions. The statistical modal values of the time lag of the SES peak with respect to that solar X-ray flare is found to increase as solar zenith angle increases. The relative rates of increase and decrease of the signal strength (RRISS and RRDSS respectively) have been evaluated for a number of SES which are related to large X-ray flares. Their characteristics have also been investigated. The modal values of the relaxation time have been found to be highly correlated with climatic conditions like temperature and humidity of the propagation path. 相似文献
19.
Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea (SCS) has different forms. In this study, a Kuroshio SCS Index (KSI) is defined
using the integral of geostrophic vorticity from 118° to 121° E and from 19° to 23° N. Three typical paths (the looping path,
the leaking path, and the leaping path) were identified based on the KSI derived from the weekly satellite Absolute Dynamic
Topography from 1993 to 2008. The KSI has a near normal distribution. Using ±1 standard deviation (σ) as the thresholds, the leaking path is the most frequent form with the probability of occurrence at 68.2%, while the probabilities
of occurrence for the looping path and the leaping path are 16.4% and 15.4%, respectively. Similar analysis is also conducted
on the daily Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) Global Analysis from 2004 to 2008. The results are generally consistent
with the KSI analysis of the satellite data. The HYCOM data are further analyzed to illustrate patterns of inflows/outflows
and the maximum/minimum salinity as representatives of the subsurface/intermediate waters. The Kuroshio bending and the net
inflow through the Luzon Strait reduce from the looping path to the leaking path to the leaping path. However, the Kuroshio
subsurface water intrudes farthest into the SCS for the leaking path. Vorticity budget associated with the different intrusion
types is then analyzed. The tilting of the relative vorticity, the stretching of the absolute vorticity, and the advection
of planetary vorticity are important for the change of vorticity, whereas the baroclinic and frictional contributions are
three orders smaller. 相似文献
20.
周至深井水震波数字化记录与地震波记录的对比研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
介绍了周至深井井孔概况和水位观测的仪器设备配置，通过对2000年10月6日日本本州7．3级地震的水震波数字化记录的频谱分析，与陕西数字地震台网同一地震事件进行对比研究，结果表明，周至深井可以记录到周期大于2s的水震波，对地动位移的放大倍率约为200倍，带宽大于DK-1地震仪和FBS-3地震计，相当于一台深井宽带地震仪。 相似文献