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本文研究了我国西北祁连山某地与超基性岩有关的冲积－洪积层中的铂－金砂矿矿物，重砂矿矿物鉴定表明，除了自然金、自然锇、铱锇矿、铬铁矿等之外，还发现了铂－铁合金矿物。根据铂－铁合金矿物的光性、化学成分及Ｘ射线衍射数据，将其定名为等轴铁铂矿。这是国内首次报道该矿物的完整矿物学资料。 相似文献
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缅甸铂族金属砂矿中的矿物种类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用电子探针分析（ＥＰＭＡ），对缅甸铂族金属砂矿中的矿物种类进行了研究。物质组成研究查明：主要组合矿物是Ｐｔ、Ｉｒ、Ｏｓ、Ｒｕ的自然元素和金属互化物。主要矿物是自然铂矿、铁铂合金、钌铱锇矿、等轴锇铱矿和铱锇矿。次要及稀有矿物是铂族金属的硫化物、砷化物、包括（Ｒｈ、Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ）２Ａｓ和（Ｒｈ、Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ、Ｎｉ）２Ａｓ两种陌生矿物、锑化物，以及含铂族元素的Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ硫化物。 相似文献
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某阿尔卑斯型镁质超基性岩位于藏北超基性岩带的中部。超基性岩主要由斜辉辉橄岩组成,并有纯橄榄岩、斜辉辉橄岩等岩相带。纯橄岩与辉橄岩接触处为铬、铂矿化部位。岩体受强烈的热蚀变,主要为蛇纹石化及绿泥石化。亦有少量的铬绿泥石化及铬石榴石化等。铬矿体中的铂族元素以Os、Ir和Ru为主,Pt、Pd和Ph含量较微。经反复研究,找到了钌铱锇矿、铱锇矿、自然锇、等轴铂锇铱矿、锇铂钌铱矿、硫钌矿、硫铱锇钌矿、锇硫钌矿、硫砷钌矿、锇硫砷钌矿、安多矿、锇安多矿、钌峨眉矿、砷铂矿、钌单斜砷铱矿、镍砷钌矿、硫砷铱矿、钌硫砷铱矿、铂铁合金、钌铁合金,锑钯矿及未定名矿物 相似文献
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捷尔碱性-超基性岩体的铂族元素矿物主要是等轴铁铂矿,该矿物有两个世代,即:①早期高温等轴铁铂矿,形成于纯橄榄岩中;②晚期世代等轴铁铂矿,多充填于纯橄榄岩致密块状铬铁矿透镜体或脉体的间隙中,有时呈立方体结晶分布于纯橄榄岩内金云母-磁铁矿单斜辉石岩岩墙或脉体中.高温等轴铁铂矿与晚期世代等轴铁铂矿的含铁性相近(kFe 7.5%~11.5%),其差别在于高温等轴铁铂矿含铂族元素较高(k),Ir5.3%、Os2.9%、Rh1.8%,而晚期等轴铁铂矿一般Ir不超过1.9%、Os1.0%、Rh0.6%.铂族元素的次要矿物有两类:①形成于岩浆期的矿物,如Os-Ir-Ru-Pt系的固溶体矿物(包括自然铂、自然锇,自然铱、自然钌);②岩浆后期矿物,如四方铁铂矿,四方铜铁铂矿、洪戈石、二硫锇矿-二硫钌矿、硫砷铱矿-硫砷铑矿、硫铂矿,铋化物,锑化物,碲化物,锡化物及氢氧化物等一系列新矿物(Pd-洪戈石、Rh-兴中矿,Pt-康捷尔矿,硫铱铅铜矿等).上述矿物在等轴铁铂矿颗粒的周围或边部多形成镶边.类似的产状亦见于低温等轴铁铂矿之周围,并形成有自然金,含银自然金至金银矿、银金矿等.此外,还见有含铜、含铜-铅、含铜-钯的自然金,其组成为Au3Cu至AuCu及AuCu3等. 相似文献
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某地硫化铜镍矿床一个矿区的铂族元素赋存特征及其研究方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《地质与勘探》1972,(1)
铂族元素是指铂、钯、锇、铱、钌、锗六个元素。至目前为止,世界各地陆续发现的铂族元素矿物不少于80种,而绝大部分产于超基性岩、基性岩硫化铜镍矿床中。近年来,不少单位对我国一些地区的超基性岩、基性岩硫化铜镍矿床和铬矿床进行了铂族元素的研究,发现不少铂族元素矿点和矿物,取得了一些成绩。 相似文献
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利用扫描电镜和能谱技术研究四川会理铂钯矿床中的铂族矿物特征及铂族元素赋存状态 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
四川会理铂钯矿床是独立的铂族元素矿床,局部地段的铂钯含量已达工业品位,当前迫切需要详细掌握铂族矿物和铂族元素赋存状态。由于原矿铂族元素品位总体较低,采用化学分析方法分析测试只能间接研究铂族元素的赋存状态,所得结论并不全面。本文结合化学分析方法的测试结果,利用扫描电镜及能谱获得了会理铂钯矿床铂族矿物的精细特征。结果表明:该矿床中铂族元素主要是铂和钯;铑、铱、钌、锇含量很低,且未发现这四种元素的独立矿物。铂和钯有单质和与砷、碲、锑、铋形成的化合物;独立铂族矿物有17种,主要是自然铂、砷铂矿、砷钯铂矿或砷铂钯矿、钯铂铜矿或铂钯铜矿,其次可见少量承铂矿及其他铂族矿物。铂族矿物嵌布状态有两种——被包裹和粒间,被包裹占52.39%,粒间占47.62%。绝大多数铂族矿物呈他形粒状,只有少量砷铂矿晶形较好。铂族矿物粒径范围为1.36~32.7μm,大小差异大。有的铂族矿物表面具微孔结构,有的呈葡萄状,有的可见环边现象。接触方式以曲线接触为主,直线接触次之。这些信息为该矿床矿石选冶和铂族资源评价提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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在对等轴铁铂矿进行微区分析的过程中,发现其中有呈树枝或叶片状的因固溶体分离而形成的新的金属互化物矿物——铱铑钌矿,其化学式为Ru_(6·38)Rh_(1·70)Ir(1·20)Pt_(0·68)Os_(0·04)。 相似文献
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Platinum group minerals (PGM) are rather widespread as admixture in gold placer deposits in Tuva. The present paper reports new data on PGM in the Kundus gold placer confined to the Kaakhem ophiolite belt. The minerals are mainly represented by solid solutions of the Os-Ir-Ru system. They make up rims of sulfoarsenides, sulfides, and arsenides of the platinum group elements (PGE) developed after primary minerals. PGMs of this placer always contain traces of Pd (0.33–1.58 wt %), Cu (0.29–0.50 wt %), and As (0.03–2.17 wt %), as well as Ni and Sb (within the detection limit). Typomorphic features of minerals along with the set of main elements and isomorphic trace-elements in the major and secondary mineral species, suggest that sources for the studied placer was represented by the Alpine-type ultramafics and associated chromitites. We cannot also rule out that PGM mineralization was influenced later intrusions that promoted the formation of rims of sulfoarsenides, sulfides, and arsenides of PGE. The PGM rims are marked by the S and As isomorphism, which characterizes the composition of mixtures rather than independent mineral types (end members of isomorphic series). In one case, minerals are represented by the isomorphous mixture of sulfoarsenides with a limited role of sulfides; in another case, by arsenides with a limited role of sulfoarsenides. 相似文献
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Gold and platinum group minerals from the gold placers of the South Urals are studied in order to identify the metal sources. In placers from the Main Uralian fault zone (MUF), the primary gold contains Ag (up to 29 wt.%), Cu (up to 2 wt.%) and Hg (up to 4 wt.%) and its fineness ranges from 538 to 997‰. Tetra-auricupride and cupriferous gold (up to 20 wt.% Cu) are common for the Nizhny Karabash placer of the MUF zone. In the eastern part of the South Urals, the placer gold is mainly characterized by high fineness of 900–1000‰ and low Cu contents (max 1.38 wt.%). Most of the placer gold grains consist of the primary domains, which are rimmed by secondary high-fineness gold with diffuse and clear boundaries. The secondary gold also develops along the shear dislocations of primary gold. Gold contains microinclusions of geerite, balkanite, chalcopyrite, Se-bearing galena, sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and hematite.Twenty four (including five unnamed) platinum group minerals (PGMs) were found in 28 placers; those from the Kialim and Maly Iremel placers of the Miass placer zone were studied in details. In the Kialim placer, ruthenium is most abundant PGM, which hosts microinclusions of isoferroplatinum, ferroan platinum, laurite, cupriferous gold, a mineral similar in composition to tolovkite, heazlewoodite and unnamed RhSbS phase. The osmium contains microinclusions of erlichmanite and laurite. The iridium grains hosts various sulfides and arsenides of platinum group elements (PGEs). The inclusion-free PGMs form Ru compositional trend in contrast to Os–Ru trend of the Ir-depleted inclusion-hosted PGMs. The isoferroplatinum from the Maly Iremel placer hosts laurite, rhodarsenite, bowieite, a mineral similar in composition to miassite and unnamed sulfide of Pt (Pt1.11S2.00) and antimonide of Pd ((Pd2.41Rh0.43Fe0.17)3.01(Sb0.91Te0.09)1.00). Ruthenium is a host to isoferroplatinum, PGE sulfides and arsenides, and heazlewoodite. Osmium contains microinclusions of ferroan platinum; iridium is a host to a mineral similar in composition to hongshiite. Three types of PGM intergrowths were identified in the Maly Iremel samples: (1) the intergrowths of platy grains of ruthenium with isoferroplatinum and a mineral similar in composition to tulameenite; (2) the open-latticework intergrowths of platy crystals of ruthenium with interstitial aggregates made up of gold, isoferroplatinum and a mineral similar in composition to xingzhongite and (3) the intergrowths of osmium and irarsite and iridarsenite, which are developed along cleavage of the osmium grains. Nickel sulfides associated with some PGMs contain Ru (11.32 wt.%) and Rh (2.21 wt.%) in millerite and Ir (31.00 wt.%), Ru (5.81 wt.%) and Rh (2.87 wt.%) in vaesite.The primary metal sources were determined on the basis of the mineral assemblages and composition of minerals, taking into account the nearby mineral deposits and directions of rivers. The rodingite-associated gold, gold-bearing massive sulfide and chromite deposits are major sources of gold and PGMs in placers of the Miass placer zone confined to the MUF structure of the South Urals. In the southern part of this structure, gold was mainly originated from orogenic gold–sulfide deposits associated with volcanic/volcaniclastic rocks and listvenite-associated gold deposits. The placer PGMs were derived from the adjacent ultramafic massifs of ophiolitic origin. The distance between the placers and primary deposits varies from 2 to 5 km (up to 20 km in the extended valley of the Miass River). Usage of ore microinclusions and associated PGMs in study of placer gold is far more advanced than an ordinary consideration of gold composition alone. This approach allowed us to identify the concrete sources for individual placers and to predict some mineralogical findings in already known primary occurrences. 相似文献
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Yu. A. Shukolyukov O. V. Yakubovich A. G. Mochalov A. B. Kotov E. B. Sal’nikova S. Z. Yakovleva S. I. Korneev B. M. Gorokhovskii 《Petrology》2012,20(6):491-505
A new method of isotope geochronology was proposed for dating native platinum minerals on the basis of the ??-decay of the natural isotope 190Pt. The analysis of the thermal desorption of helium in the crystal lattice of native metals, including platinum, allowed us to predict a very high thermal stability (retentivity) of radiogenic 4He in native platinum minerals up to their melting temperatures. In order to validate the proposed 190Pt-4He method, direct isotopic dating was performed for isoferroplatinum from the Galmoenan dunite-clinopyroxenite and Kondyor alkaline ultramafic massifs. The results of dating obtained by this method for primary ore platinum from the Galmoenan Massif (70 ± 5 Ma) are consistent with geological observations and mean Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic age estimates. The 190Pt-4He age obtained for placer isoferroplatinum from the Kondyor Massif (112 ± 7 Ma) also agrees with geological observations and is close to the K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages of koswites (phlogopite-magnetite pyroxenites, gabbros, nepheline syenites, and metasomatic rocks after dunites). Our experimental data demonstrated that the 190Pt-4He method is a promising tool for dating native platinum minerals. 相似文献
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自然重砂是地质体经自然风化、剥蚀、搬运、沉积等地质作用而分离出的单矿物(或矿物组合)。自然重砂矿物晶体由于仍然保留有许多矿物成因信息,包括颜色、形态、化学成分、物理性质和矿物组合等特征,因此常用于追溯源区地质体或者找矿勘查。这种方法被认为是一种经济实用的找矿方法——自然重砂测量。本文基于全国自然重砂找矿的数据资料,系统梳理了自然重砂的矿物类型、出现频率及其分布等特点,分析了自然重砂的矿物组合和成因矿物学特征,研究了自然重砂矿物的源区烙印、搬运距离及标型指示矿物组合特征,探讨了自然重砂成因矿物学研究意义及其找矿应用前景。自然重砂矿物的颜色、形态及内部结构依然保留着明确的成因矿物学信息:其颜色和晶体形态具有继承性而与其源区母体联系起来,体现源区母体的特性;其矿物组成可分出残余原生重矿物(包括造岩矿物、副矿物、矿石矿物等)和新生重砂矿物两个部分,如赤铜矿、孔雀石等反映着源区岩性体的成分或者赋存状态特征,其矿物组合也在很大程度上继承原生共生矿物而体现诸如有无矿化等意义;重砂颗粒的磨圆度、边界光滑性等表面特征反映搬运距离,有利于明确响应源区母体或者物源,而具有良好的找矿指示意义。 相似文献
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铜镍硫化物矿床的成冈——以诺里尔斯克（俄罗斯）和金川（中国）为例 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
与超基性岩浆作用有关的铜镍硫化物矿床主要有两种成矿建造,一种为含铬建造,另一种为含铂建造。尖晶石类矿物成分的变化清楚地反映了这两类建造的成矿属性,含铬建造的尖晶石属于铬铁矿－尖晶石系列,含铂建造中则为尖晶石－磁铁矿系列。从含铬建造向含铂建造转变的原因,可以解释为超基性岩艇中硫的作用增加,从而引起反应：４ＦｅＯ＋Ｓ＝ＦｅＳ＋Ｆｅ３Ｏ４（磁铁矿）,同时分散性铂族元素的专属性特征也发生相应变化（Ｒｕ＋Ｏｓ＋Ｉｒ）→（Ｐｔ＋Ｐｄ）。因此,含铬建造中主要富含Ｒｕ、Ｏｓ和Ｉｒ,而含铂建造中则富含Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ。超基性岩浆作用中硫的化学活动性增加与基碱度增加直接有关。因此,含铂的超基性岩大多数情况下与富碱的玄武岩形成共生组合,当富铁熔浆发生硫化作用时,将会导致硫化物与硅酸岩熔浆的不混融,从而形成矿浆,据此,金川含铂铜镍矿石不是矿 相似文献
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The results are presented of the first studies to be carried out on 4He retention under mechanical deformation of isoferroplatinum (Pt3Fe) from a unique placer deposit at the Konder and Uorgalan rivers and from indigenous shows of the alkaline–ultrabasic Konder Massif (Khabarovsk krai, Russia). It was found that the deformation of Pt3Fe of the Pm-3m cell resulted in structural transformations with the appearance of domains and subsequent conversion into native platinum (Pt, Fe) of the Fm-3m cell. 相似文献
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Peng Gu 《中国地球化学学报》1984,3(4):355-363
The most productive chromite ore deposits are formed through crystallization of chromite-ore magmas under definite physico-chemical conditions. The formation of chromite ore is controlled mainly by the degree of differentiation of ultrabasic magma. How to measure the degree of ultrabasic magmatic differentiation is key to understanding the mechanism of formation of chromite ore. Many geologists base their understanding of ultrabasic magmatic differentiation on whether there are obvious petrographical-facies zones in ultrabasic rocks. This viewpoint needs further discussing because most ultrabasic rock bodies showing petrographical zonation contain no mineral deposits. On the contrary mineral deposits may occur in the ultrabasic rocks without obvious petrographical zonation. Therefore, the author suggests to use the chemical characteristics of minerals to determine the degree of ultrabasic magmatic differentiation as a guide to search for chromite ore deposits. 相似文献
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A microinclusion of colloform high-purity platinum in a grain of platinum-group minerals (PGM) from the alluvial gold-bearing placer deposit in the south of Western Siberia (Russia) was detected and characterized for the first time. It is different in composition, texture, and conditions of formation from high-purity platinum of other regions described in the literature. The main characteristics of investigated high-purity platinum are colloform-layered texture, admixture of Fe (0.37–0.78 wt%), and paragenesis of Cu-rich isoferroplatinum, hongshiite, and rhodarsenide. The PGM grain with high-purity platinum is multiphase and heterogeneous in texture. It is a product of intensive metasomatic transformation of Cu-rich isoferroplatinum (Pt3(Fe0.6Cu0.4)). The transformation was carried out in two stages: 1 – copper stage including three substages (Cu-rich isoferroplatinum, copper platinum and hongshiite); and 2 – arsenic (rhodarsenide). The formation of high-purity platinum was separated in time from the formation of isoferroplatinum and was carried out by precipitation from postmagmatic solutions. 相似文献
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V. G. Nevstruyev N. V. Berdnikov A. N. Didenko B. G. Saksin N. A. Lavrik 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,482(1):1203-1206
A genetic relationship is shown for the noble-metal mineralization (up to 11.3 g/t of Pt and platinoids and 2.58 g/t of Au) discovered in the Poperechnoe Fe–Mn deposit and the fluid–explosive breccias. The composition of platinoid minerals is in agreement with the characteristics of ore and placer formations of the Ural–Alaskan type and corresponds to the isoferroplatinum–osmium igneous paragenesis. The noble metals were crystallized at the conditions that should take place at the crust–mantle boundary under partial melting of the slab rocks. The near-surface occurrence of these metals is caused by the rising of high-mobile fluid flows. The data obtained testify to the expedience of searches for noble metals associated with occurrences of fluidolites. 相似文献