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首次利用三分量数字地震仪在西藏羊易地热田区记录到近震转换波,并用于研究深部构造取得了结果.查明了测区基底构造的基本特征,发现热田区发育了NNW和NEE向一系列断裂,其延深可达6-9km,不同方向断裂的交汇对热田有控制作用.在热田内基底形成一近NS向断块状局部隆起.经过热田深部传播的近震转换波的频谱主频和振幅比均有明显降低,这些特征显示热田深部可能有局部熔融的岩脉沿深断裂活动.表明在热田区的微震观测中同时利用近震转换震相研究深部构造是可行的. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》1986,(2)
Baca热田一号井位于新墨西哥州中北部上-更新统的Valles破火山口西半部．蒸汽和热水主要由北东向的Redondo Creek地堑产生的,在那里,不到2km的深度井下温度就达260℃．从地层学的角度来讲,热储区可以描述为一个包括第三纪和第四纪火山岩和覆盖于前寒武纪花岗岩基底之上的中生代和第三纪沉积岩在内的五层序列．其形成主要受到与Rio Grande断裂系的活动性有着根本关系的断裂和断层的控制．从地球物理的角度来讲,破火山口西半部以重力值最小、电阻率低为特征．破火山口地区40mGal的重力极小值大部分是由于充填破火山口密度较低的火山岩和沉积岩造成的,或许与深部岩浆源无关．用二维重力模拟指出Redondo峡谷的前寒武纪基底深度在Valles破火山口东部至少是3km,并可超过5km．大地电流和大地电磁法测量表明,热储区与低电阻率有关,而且深部低阻层与用测井资料推断出的结晶岩储集层的深度相关良好．根据大地电流和大地电磁法的测量资料还找到开采区东、西部可能存在的断裂带．断裂带可能构成到Redondo Creek热储的边界．这些资料还表明了热储区位于北东-南西向与南北两条区域断裂线的交汇区．大地电磁测量结果也表明破火山口西缘的深部低电阻率与深部热流体有关．在地球物理和测井资料的基础上,我们对热储的大小做了三种预测．预测热储展布范围是10-30km2,这取决于认为含有深部地热资源的地区是Sulphur Creek还是Valle Seco． 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(6)
随着勘探工作向深部发展,地震数据的信噪比分辨率要求越来越高.均匀振幅加权定向地震波方法(即基于接收阵列的时域地震波束形成方法,简称TSBBRA),可以增强目标信号、降低噪声,改善地震数据的质量.然而增大TSBBRA的控制参数N,会导致地震有效波束变窄,主波束不能覆盖整个接收排列,有时达不到对数据质量的要求.余弦振幅加权定向地震波方法(SDBCAD)通过余弦振幅加权展宽波束,能改善上述问题.过去对SDBCAD方法改善程度的研究仅限于理论模型上的研究,为了进一步探讨SDBCAD方法与TSBBRA方法对实际数据质量的影响,在吉林省农安县哈拉海镇开展了对比实验研究.通过TSBBRA和SDBCAD的实验剖面对比可知,SDBCAD方法能够在满足勘探精度要求的情况下合理展宽定向地震波束,能够更有效覆盖接收排列,表明了SDBCAD方法在宽接收排列情况下,能够更显著地改善地震数据质量. 相似文献
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通过对地震勘探仪器的主要技术性能的详细分析可以看出,无论是集中式数字地震仪还是24位Δ-∑A/D型遥测地震仪,都还记录不到大动态、高主频、宽频带的地震反射波,它们记录的中深层地震反射信号的瞬时动态范围均在60 dB左右.本文以水平层状介质的吸收衰减特性为依据,给出了智能程控型前置放大器和频谱均衡滤波器的数学模型.用智能程控型前置放大器补偿由于球面扩散所造成的振幅衰减;用频谱均衡滤波器补偿由于地层吸收所造成的振幅衰减.按此设计方案,研制真正具有大瞬时动态和高频提升功能的地震仪,对高分辨率地震勘探技术的进一步发展具有重要意义. 相似文献
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介绍了运用微振动勘探方法探测隐伏断裂构造的方法和思路,并对郯庐断裂带两条分支断裂进行了试验性勘探．通过与人工地震勘探结果对比分析,发现微振动勘探方法对隐伏断裂构造具有较好的空间定位能力,其对岩性差异面形成的断裂定位误差与人工地震勘探结果相当; 又因其具有较大的勘探深度,因而可以有效揭示勘探区域下方地层及断裂的空间分布特征及其接触关系,这对于识别和确定断裂构造的主破裂面具有重要意义. 但微振动勘探方法对地层或断裂构造细节特征的揭示能力较差．因此,在实际地层或断裂勘探中,宜采用人工地震勘探方法与微振动勘探方法相结合的方式确定断裂的深浅构造关系,可以用微振动勘探方法进行普查,在确定断裂初步位置及空间展布特征后,再选用人工地震勘探方法进行断裂精确定位． 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
深反射地震勘探以其可靠性强和精度高的特点,一直作为深地探测的主要技术之一.其中分辨率又作为评价深反射地震勘探质量的关键指标之一,在理论研究及实际生产中都有着重要的意义.文章将深反射地震勘探中影响分辨率的主要因素划分为采集、地质、处理三方面,采集因素主要包括子波激发、空间采样率、接收及观测系统设计;地质因素则主要包括深部波阻抗变化、深部地质体尺度、浅部构造、吸收衰减等,针对以上因素人们提出了静校正、振幅恢复、反褶积、偏移等处理方法来提高深反射地震勘探的分辨率.本文阐述了影响深反射地震勘探分辨率的主要因素,并对提高深反射地震勘探分辨率的主要方法进行了总结与展望. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(2)
随着浅部找矿难度的增加,金属矿的勘探将进一步向深部进军.受勘探深度与精度的限制,常规地球物理勘探技术难以准确刻划深部金属矿控矿结构.作为深部探测的核心技术,反射地震技术具有探测深度大、分辨率高等特点,正逐步成为解开深部构造矿床勘探难题不可或缺的重要手段.本文回顾了近年来反射地震技术在深部金属矿勘探中的取得的重要进展,包括了岩石物性基础、三维地震技术、井中地震技术以及正演模拟等方面.这些事例表明,反射地震技术在金属矿勘探中具有很高可行性与广阔的应用前景.然而,相比于油气行业,现阶段金属矿反射地震勘探无论在岩石物性测量还是数据采集、处理与解释等方面都存在着明显的不足,还需要不断地认识和改进.最后本文就金属矿反射地震勘探应用中存在的这些问题提出了该技术进一步发展的主要方向,旨在为我国典型成矿带深部金属矿勘探工作提供一些借鉴. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(3)
随着我国主要海域的天然气水合物勘探逐步进入详查和开采阶段,对深海天然气水合物矿体空间分布的探查精度要求显著提高,而海洋常规多道地震探测系统分辨率不足,难以满足现阶段深海天然气水合物资源详查、勘探和开发的需要.本文详细阐述了深拖多道高分辨率地震探测技术探测方式及其特点,分析对比了深拖多道地震技术与常规海洋多道地震技术、短排列小道距地震技术及OBC地震技术相比的优越性;总结了国外深拖多道高分辨率地震探测装备以及在精细识别BSR、海底冷泉及海底麻坑等的应用效果.因为深拖多道高分辨率地震探测技术是将震源与采集缆拖曳与近海底(约100 m)且震源具有高主频、宽频带的特点,从而降低了勘探海洋噪声对地震信号的影响,缩短了与被探测目标的距离,降低了地震信号在传播过程中海水的吸收衰减,并且能够克服海面拖曳地震勘探中多次波、气泡效应的影响,所以其具有很高的纵向分辨率和横向分辨率以及高信噪比特点,将在天然气水合物勘探以及海洋工程领域具有极大的应用价值. 相似文献
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近地表松散沉积层对地震波具有强烈的改造作用。为了揭示近地表速度结构对场地强地震动特征的影响机理,采用横波勘探和地脉动测试方法研究两个地震台站的场地条件,并对比分析场地测试结果与汶川地震记录的频谱特征。正如浅层地震勘探和地脉动数据所揭示的那样, MXT地震台的强震记录中,对应横波图像0.10 s处强反射波的地震动分量（频率5 Hz左右）在该场地占明显优势,而对0.22 s的弱反射界面（对应的基频为2.3 Hz）的反映并不明显,分析认为这一现象归因于地下10~11 m处粉土与卵石层间具有较大的波阻抗差异,因而造成地震反射图像上0.10 s附近的强振幅掩盖了0.22 s的反射波组,岷县强震记录频谱也显示为单峰值形态。横波勘探在WUD台获得的地震图像显示分别在0.22 s和0.50 s处有两组比较明显的反射波,其所对应的场地潜在响应频率分别为2.3 Hz和1.0 Hz,WUD台的强震记录频谱的形态也明显受这两个波阻抗界面的影响;通过对比地脉动与地震记录的频谱图,认为场地结构对地震信号与一般地脉动信号的影响是有差别的。研究表明：（1）剪切波的强阻抗界面深度及其平均波速是控制场地频谱主频的主要因素,近地表地层中阻抗强的界面对地震波的改造作用占主导地位;（2）近地表松散覆盖层的波速结构影响着场地地脉动频谱与地震动频谱的谱形变化;（3） 一般情况下,浅部强波阻抗界面对地脉动频谱特征的影响可能大于深部（百米以内）,强震作用下深部波阻抗界面会使场地的响应主频向比其脉动基频更低的频段发展。 相似文献
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D.M. Han X. Liang M.G. Jin M.J. Currell X.F. Song C.M. Liu 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2010,189(1-2):92-104
This paper examines groundwater hydrochemical characteristics during mixing between thermal and non-thermal groundwater in low-to-medium temperature geothermal fields. A case study is made of Daying and Qicun geothermal fields in the Xinzhou basin of Shanxi province, China. The two geothermal fields have similar flow patterns, with recharge sourced from precipitation in mountain areas heated through a deep cycle, before flowing into overlying Quaternary porous aquifers via fractures. Hydrochemical features of 60 ground- and surface water samples were examined in the context of hydrogeologic information. The average temperatures of the deep geothermal reservoirs are estimated to be 125 °C in Daying field, and 159 °C in Qicun field, based on Na–K–Mg geothermometry, while slightly lower estimates are obtained using silica geothermometers. Hydrochemical features of thermal water are distinct from cold water. Thermal groundwater is mainly Cl·SO4–Na type, with high TDS, while non-thermal groundwater is mostly HCO3–Ca·Mg and HCO3–Ca type in the Daying and Qicun regions, respectively. Hydrogeochemical processes are characterized by analyzing ion ratios in various waters. Higher contents of some minor elements in thermal waters, such as F, Si, B and Sr, are probably derived from extended water–rock interaction, and these elements can be regarded as indicators of flow paths and residence times. Mixing ratios between cold and thermal waters were estimated with Cl, Na, and B concentrations, using a mass balance approach. Mixing between ascending thermal waters and overlying cold waters is extensive. The proportion of water in the Quaternary aquifer derived from a deep thermal source is lower in Daying geothermal field than in Qicun field (5.3–7.3% vs. 6.3–49.3%). Mixing between thermal and non-thermal groundwater has been accelerated by groundwater exploitation practices and is enhanced near faults. Shallow groundwater composition has also been affected by irrigation with low-temperature thermal water. 相似文献
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Study of geothermal field data,terrestrial heat flow values,and other geophysical data from the Xingtai-Shulu area of Hebei Province made us more understanding of the distribution of geothermal fields and deep structures and their interrelation.The study illustrates that the geothermal field has an apparent lateral inhomogeneity and is evidently correlated by the structure of the crust and upper mantle in the area.The relation of the geothermal field distribution to the structure indicates that in comparison with the depression zone,the uplift zone has a higher heat flow value and a larger geothermal gradient.The analysis of the relation between distribution of earthquake epicenters and geothermal field and mathematical simulation of thermal stress in the area suggests that thermal stress plays an important role in the process of earthquake generation. 相似文献
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针对５种模拟库区：库心存在正断层；库心存在逆断层；库边存在正断层，水库蓄水在上盘；库边存在正断层，水库蓄水在下盘；库心存在带内由胶结程度更好的介质所填充的正断层，分别计算了水库蓄水引起的附加应力场、孔压场和形变场，并对它们的分布特征作了综合分析。 相似文献
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S. N. Rychagov R. G. Davletbaev O. V. Kovina 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2009,3(2):105-120
The studies reported in this paper were carried out in the Pauzhetka and Nizhne-Koshelevskii geothermal fields situated in the southern Kamchatka Peninsula within the Pauzhetka-Kambalnyi-Koshelevskii geothermal area. Layer-by-layer sampling of clays was carried out by stripping, pitting, and hand-operated drilling of core holes in the Verkhne-Pauzhetka thermal field and the Nizhne-Koshelevskii thermal anomaly, which were studied previously using several geological, geophysical, and hydrogeothermal techniques. Hydrothermal clays were found to compose a nearly continuous sheet on the surface of the thermal field and of the thermal anomaly. The sheet has an average thickness of 1.3 to 1.5 m. The chemical and mineralogic composition of the clays have been characterized. The concentrations of Au, Hg, Pb, and Ag (a total of 41 elements) were determined in clay layers selected every 15–20 cm in vertical sections. The elements show inhomogeneous distributions, both along the strike and in vertical sections of the hydrothermal clay sheet, which can be accounted for by the physicochemical, hydrogeochemical, and temperature conditions prevailing during the generation of these clays in specific areas of the thermal fields. It was found that the hydrothermal clay sheet lying on the ground surface of the geothermal fields has a significance of its own as an independent geological body, not only is it an aquifer and a heat-isolating horizon; it also serves as a dynamically active geochemical barrier in the structure of the present-day hydrothermal system. Pyrite is a concentrator of ore elements in hydrothermal clays, in addition to sulfates of Ca, Fe, Mg, Ba, and Al, and (possibly) alumosilicates. 相似文献
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Monitoring of geophysical conditions of marine sedimentary basins is necessary for predicting seismic events and for adaptation of geothermal technologies for seismically active (as a rule) sea bottom geothermal areas. These conditions are characterized by seismo-hydro-electromagnetic (EM) geophysical field interaction in the presence of gravity. Based on the main physical principles, geophysical and petrophysical data, we formulate a mathematical model of seismo-hydro-EM interaction in a basin of a marginal sea and calculate the transformation of a seismic excitation in the upper mantle under the central part of the sea of Japan into the low-frequency (0.1 to 10 Hz) EM signals at the top of the sea bottom sedimentary layer, at the sea surface and in the atmosphere up to the lower boundary of the ionosphere. Physics of the EM generation and propagation process is shown including: generation of EM waves in the upper mantle layer M by a seismic wave from under M, spatial modulation of diffusive EM waves by a seismic wave, stopping of the EM wave arrived (before the seismic P wave) from the upper mantle at the top of the sediments because of the high electric conductivity of seawater (3.5 S/m), immediate penetration of the EM wave through the seawater thickness after the delayed seismic P wave shock into the sea bottom, and EM emission from the sea surface into the atmosphere. Let us note that the EM signal in the sea bottom sediments is the first measurable signal of a seismic activation of geological structures beneath the seafloor and this signal is protected by seawater from the influence ionosphere disturbances. Amplitude of the computed magnetic signals (300, 200, 50, and 30 pT at the ocean–atmosphere interface and at the height of 10, 30 and 50 km, respectively), their predominant frequency (0.25 Hz), the delay of the seismic P wave in regard to the magnetic signal for the receivers at the shore (20 s), the amplitude of temperature disturbances in sediments (up to 0.02 K), the parameters of the long (150 km) tsunami wave of a small (up to 20 cm) amplitude far from the shore and other values that characterize the seismo-hydro-EM process are of the orders observed. Recommendations for the EM monitoring of dynamic processes beneath seafloor geothermal areas are given. 相似文献
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黑水泉州地学断面因其所处的特殊地理位置和所受复杂地球动力学机制的影响,而备受地学界的关注.但要弄清控制岩石圈动力机制的重要影响因素之一——热动力,还需对岩石圈的热结构有更细致的研究.地热学研究作为一种独立的地球物理学方法,在地球内部结构及地球动力学研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用.根据地热资料来研究地球深部热结构是一种最为直接有效的方法,但是,我国地热资料的相对匮乏严重阻碍了地热研究的进展.本文将引入地形、重力等大地测量观测资料作为约束条件,基于岩石圈均衡原理,综合地热和重力学方法联合确定黑水泉州地学断面东段岩石圈热结构,弥补了传统地热研究方法的不足.基于黑水泉州地学断面岩石圈二维温度分布结果,本文计算了该岩石圈的强度分布,并对其岩石圈的热结构和流变结构特征展开了分析和讨论. 相似文献
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北京平原区蕴藏着丰富的中-低温水热型地热资源,其西北部分布着小汤山地热田和京西北地热田,两大地热田以南口—孙河断裂带为界.地热田及其外围地区基础的地热地质研究工作较少.为给地热学研究和地热资源精细勘探提供科学依据,本文基于前人23眼钻孔的温度测量数据以及近期完成的548件热导率和100件放射性生热率实测数据,研究了区域大地热流和0~4 km深部地温特征.结果表明：（1）研究区现今地温梯度为11.31~94.89℃·km-1,平均值为31.79℃·km-1;岩石热导率为0.895~5.111 W·（m·K）-1,放射性生热率为0.257~2.305 μW·m-3,大地热流为48.1~99.1 mW·m-2,平均值为68.3 mW·m-2,热流的分布受基底形态和断裂构造控制.研究区东部南口—孙河断裂带两侧小汤山和郑各庄地区为高热流异常区,中部马池口地区也存在局部高热流异常区.（2）在南口—孙河断裂带的不同位置,不同深度地层温度差异明显,体现出区域现今地温场不只受控于该活动断裂,更是多期次构造事件复合叠加的结果.（3）南口—孙河断裂带南侧存在两处有意义的较高地温异常区,分别为郑各庄异常区和马池口异常区,其中马池口异常区是未来地热开发利用有一定潜力的地区. 相似文献
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通过研究邢束地区的地温场、大地热流和其它地球物理资料,对该区的地温场分布、深部结构及其相互关系有了较深入的认识。研究证实:该区地温场具有明显的横向不均匀性,并与地壳上地幔结构有较清楚的对应关系。地温场的分布与构造的关系表明,凸起区与凹陷区相比,前者具有较高的热流值和较大的地温梯度。对该区地震分布与地温场的关系分析以及热应力的数学模拟结果说明,热应力在地震发生过程中具有重要作用。 相似文献