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本文应用非线性动力学中的一些观点，如对初始条件的敏感性、分形分维、分岔、混沌的预报尺度等观点对小震调制、共维时间、共维面积以及嵌套调制等现象进行了分析研究，同时对共和地震的一些现象进行了分析。本文的分析对人们认识前兆现象的复杂性有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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高分辨折射探测剖面近几年在我国的一些重要地学基础研究项目，特别是在中国地震局“十五” 期间开展的城市活断层探测及复杂上部地壳精细结构研究中得到了越来越广泛的应用.本文对在用传统有限差分方法处理高分辨折射地震资料时的缺陷及其改进算法的研究进展进行了较全面的讨论，对一些缺陷我们已给出了解决的方案，并已成功地应用于实际人工地震高分辨折射测量资料的分析处理，取得了较好的效果，还给出了将改进方法应用于深反射剖面初至波处理解释的一个应用实例，对于另一些缺陷我们在对国内外该领域研究现状调研的基础上，给出了目前我们正在进行中的解决方案. 相似文献
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笔者从大区强震活动的整体性观点出发，对如何应用一些重要的地震活动性特点于地震预报之中的一些研究进展，应用体会作了简短回顾。 相似文献
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地震断层气监测的现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
断层气测量是地震科学研究的重要方法之一，断层气测量具有实用、轻便、快便、价廉等优点，在地震监测预报和减灾活动中具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的潜力。本文对断层气测量在地震科学中的应用和现状作了简要的介绍，同时探讨了我国地震断层气监测系统中存在的一些主要问题，对今后的发展进行了展望。最后简单介绍了几种断层气监测新技术及新型气敏传感器。 相似文献
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用ANSYS模拟结构-地基动力相互作用振动台试验的建模方法 总被引：37，自引：6，他引：37
本文以结构－地基动力相互作用振动台模型试验为基础，结合通用有限元软件ANSYS，对结构－地基动力相互作用体系进行有限元计算建模的一些问题作了研究，主要包括柔性土容器的模拟、土体动力本构模型的选用、土体与结构交界面上的状态非线性模型、网格划分、重力的考虑、结构中钢筋的处理以及对称性的应用等。文中给出了利用上述建模方法对结构－地基动力相互作用体系进行计算的一些加速度时程结果，并与试验结果相对照，吻合较好。通过计算分析，验证了简化处理方法的合理性和计算模型的可行性。 相似文献
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系统地分析了在地震模拟振动台试验系统频率特性测试过程中，测量误差，环境对振动台驱动信号的干扰噪声及试验系统本身非线性等因素的影响，得到了对指导试验具有重要意义的结论，阐述了应用试验系统频率特性对试验进行数字补偿控制的方法，并列举一些实例。 相似文献
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Abstract The complex crustal geology of convergent zones requires carefully planned seismic experiments for accurate imaging. Situations that require 2-D or 3-D experiments, pre-stack or post-stack processing, and time or depth migration, are discussed. Some of the advanced techniques available for seismic processing are described. Some results of 3-D post-stack depth migration of a 3-D data set on the Barbados margin that were obtained by the University of Texas Institute of Geophysics and reprocessed at the Houston Advanced Research Center illustrate the advantage of three-dimensionality, and the value of advanced processing techniques. 相似文献
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On the developments of spectral wave models: numerics and parameterizations for the coastal ocean 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The development of numerical wave models for coastal applications, including coupling with ocean circulation models, has spurred an ongoing effort on theoretical foundations, numerical techniques, and physical parameterizations. Some important aspects of this effort are reviewed here, and results are shown in the case of the French Atlantic and Channel coast using version 4.18 of the WAVEWATCH III R model. Compared to previous results, the model errors have been strongly reduced thanks to, among other things, the introduction of currents, coastal reflection, and bottom sediment types. This last item is described here for the first time, allowing unprecedented accuracy at some sites along the French Atlantic Coast. The adequate resolution, necessary to represent strong gradients in tidal currents, was made possible by the efficiency brought by unstructured grids. A further increase in resolution, necessary to resolve surf zones and still cover vast regions,will require further developments in numerical methods. 相似文献
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地球物理勘探方法在岩土工程的应用已有很长一段时间,但其成效与工程师的期待往往有不小的落差,以致于在一般的工程应用上仍不普遍.近年来浅地表地球物理技术有显着的进展,特别是在走时速度层析成像(Traveltime Tomography)、电阻率层析成像法(Electrical Resistivity Tomography)及多道瞬态面波法(Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave).本文首先介绍这些方法在台湾岩土工程的应用,主要包括地层土壤液化潜能评估、坝体的安全检测、土壤与地下水污染调查及地基改良的质量管控等,应用案例以台湾常使用的地球物理勘探方法逐一介绍.虽然许多成功案例与新的应用方向对于浅地表地球物理技术在岩土工程应用的推广起了鼓舞作用,本文从工程师的角度提出地球物理勘探工程大量应用的挑战与瓶颈,包括如何提升探测数据的客观性、数据反演非唯一性问题、探测深度与分辨率的限制、实际条件违背反演基本假设的情况、以及地物性质与工程性质链接的不确定性问题,并进一步针对这些问题说明相关研究的进展与实务对策.希冀透过上述探讨,降低物探师与工程师认知上的差距,提升地球物理勘探在工程的应用的合理性与普及性. 相似文献
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Passive seismic techniques have revolutionarised seismology,leading for example to increased resolution in surface wave tomography,to the possibility to monitor changes in the propagation medium,and to many new processing strategies in seismic exploration.Here we review applications of the new techniques to a very particular dataset,namely data from the Apollo 17 lunar network.The special conditions of the lunar noise environment are investigated,illustrating the interplay between the properties of the noise and the ability to reconstruct Green's functions.With a dispersion analysis of reconstructed Rayleigh waves new information about the shallow shear velocity structure of the Moon are obtained.Passive image interferometry is used to study the effect of temperature changes in the subsurface on the seismic velocities providing direct observation of a dynamic process in the lunar environment.These applications highlight the potential of passive techniques for terrestrial and planetary seismology. 相似文献
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Understanding the role of connectivity for the characterization of heterogeneous porous aquifers or reservoirs is a very active and new field of research. In that framework, connectivity metrics are becoming important tools to describe a reservoir. In this paper, we provide a review of the various metrics that were proposed so far, and we classify them in four main groups. We define first the static connectivity metrics which depend only on the connectivity structure of the parameter fields (hydraulic conductivity or geological facies). By contrast, dynamic connectivity metrics are related to physical processes such as flow or transport. The dynamic metrics depend on the problem configuration and on the specific physics that is considered. Most dynamic connectivity metrics are directly expressed as a function of an upscaled physical parameter describing the overall behavior of the media. Another important distinction is that connectivity metrics can either be global or localized. The global metrics are not related to a specific location while the localized metrics relate to one or several specific points in the field. Using these metrics to characterize a given aquifer requires the possibility to measure dynamic connectivity metrics in the field, to relate them with static connectivity metrics, and to constrain models with those information. Some tools are already available for these different steps and reviewed here, but they are not yet routinely integrated in practical applications. This is why new steps should be added in hydrogeological studies to infer the connectivity structure and to better constrain the models. These steps must include specific field methodologies, interpretation techniques, and modeling tools to provide more realistic and more reliable forecasts in a broad range of applications. 相似文献
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Avihu Ginzburg 《Surveys in Geophysics》1974,1(3):325-355
This paper reviews the principles and applications of the resistivity method of geophysical prospecting. Topics covered are physical principles, instrumentation, field techniques, interpretation procedures, and their recent development. The applications are illustrated by selected case histories of engineering studies, hydrology, structural mapping, and crustal structure. 相似文献
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Summary An analysis of the existing second derivative systems has been attempted and the superiority ofPeters' method overElkins' is brought out. Some properties of vertical derivatives have been discussed and it is clearly proved that the derivative values are independent of the regional. Finally, the weak and strong points of grid and least square methods have been assessed. Some interesting applications of the least square methods are also described. 相似文献
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介绍了我国无线数字地震遥测中采用的几种主要新技术,但不涉及具体的设备。正晕些新技术使新一代数字遥测地震台网技术性能产品较早发生质的飞跃。这些新技术包括地震波形数字化的过采样技术。数据传输中使用的紧缩频谱调帛放差错控制技术等。其中某些技术可能早已在其他工业部门应用,但多数是第一次用于数字遥测地震台网。 相似文献
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Charles E. Barton 《Surveys in Geophysics》1983,5(4):335-368
This review is intended to provide an introduction for the nonspecialist to concepts and techniques which are useful for analysing palaeomagnetic time series. Emphasis is placed on analysis in the frequency domain, particularly the periodogram and maximum entropy methods. The review consists of two parts dealing with techniques and applications respectively. 相似文献