共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
本文采用反射映像（即U/D成像）原理对大地电磁资料进行成像,将地面观测的波场分解成上行波和下行波,并分别向下延拓,利用上、下行波的时间一致性原理确定地下电性界面的位置.对TE和TM模式的MT响应分别处理可以得到两个深度剖面,两剖面的一致性便为实际反射界面的最佳估计.理论和实际资料的计算表明,MT偏移技术是比较有效的,它可获得地下界面直观的映像.和常规MT反演方法相比较,该方法具有算法简单等优点,并且还能获得表示地下地质构造真实映像的MT深度剖面. 相似文献
2.
远震虚震源反射成像方法利用远震初至波在台网之下地表与地下界面间形成的反射波(PPdp震相)波形资料进行台网地区地震反射结构研究.此方法先用台网各台站的平均初至波形求取震源信号,再用该震源信号与各道地震记录作反褶积从而取得反射剖面.本文介绍了远震虚震源反射成像的基本原理和实现步骤,并以三峡地区的观测资料为例,得到三峡库首区上地壳的反射地震剖面.成像剖面中解释出的四川盆地和秭归盆地的底界面位置和形态与地表地质观测和大地构造背景吻合.为验证虚震源成像的能力,本文使用弹性波正演模拟合成地震数据,经过处理实际资料一样的步骤获得虚震源成像结果.正演模拟表明,叠加多个远震的反射地震剖面可以有效地改善成像的信噪比和连续性;虚震源成像需要选择特定的震源频率范围,以减轻高频噪音以及低频造成的成像问题.在研究上地壳结构时,建议在不适合主动源采集和缺乏低频信号的地区尝试远震虚震源方法. 相似文献
3.
VSP 转换波跟VSP 纵波或常规地面转换波相比,具有较高的分辨率和信噪比,但传统的VSP成像方法只利用了反射P波信息,而把转换波（反射S波、透射S波）以及透射P波当作影响成像质量的噪音.本文给出了一种VSP共炮点道集多分量地震资料克希霍夫法偏移成像的方法.本方法充分利用了多波（反射P波、反射S波、透射P波、透射S波）信息,根据转换点处四种波同时起跳,能量叠加最大的原理,从接收点分别用向绕射点延拓它们的能量,并将其叠加起来,求得的和最大的一点即反射点.通过模型试算和实际资料处理表明,此法成像精度高,信噪比高,且有利于改善剖面的频率特性. 相似文献
4.
胜利探区基于最优孔径的共反射面元(CRS)叠加的成功应用(英文) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
由于CRS叠加考虑了反射层的局部特征和第一菲涅耳带内的全部反射,从而更充分地利用了多次覆盖反射数据的信息。就目前的地震资料处理技术而言,它是最佳的零偏移距成像方式。本论文利用改进型的参数优化技术,得到高质量的CRS运动学参数剖面,并利用参数剖面计算出叠加孔径,实现了基于最优孔径的CRS叠加,使CRS参数的用途得到了充分利用。模型数据和实际资料的试算表明,基于最优孔径的CRS叠加的成像剖面与传统CRS叠加剖面相比,有着较高的信噪比和同相轴的连续性。 相似文献
5.
针对人工源宽角地震测深中炮点与接收点稀疏的特点,利用几何散射理论进行壳幔散射体的相似性剖面成像,利用互易性原理计算散射体相似性成像的时间条件,研究基于宽角反射地震资料重建壳幔反射结构的相似性成图方法. 其中,成像点的时间采用快速、高精度的程函方程求解技术. 利用该方法处理东南陆缘区宽角反射剖面实际资料,结果表明,较之壳幔反射结构的CDP成图技术,相似性成图方法具有提高反射同相轴横向连续性的能力. 相似文献
6.
三江地区地壳结构及动力学意义:云南遮放-宾川地震反射/折射剖面的启示 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
位于中国云南省的三江地区的断裂主要包括金沙江-红河断裂、澜沧江断裂和怒江断裂(三江断裂带). 通过解释跨过滇西构造域中腾冲与保山地块的遮放-宾川宽角反射/折射地震剖面, 文中以地震波旅行时层析成像方法获得了地壳纵波速度结构, 以地震散射成像方法获得地壳反射结构, 从而重建了研究地区的地壳、上地幔反射结构. 给出的研究区地震P波速度和反射结构图像表明:该剖面的地壳结构可以划分为3个块体, 各块体间地壳速度与反射图像具有明显差异, 保山段地壳速度较东西两段为低, 莫霍界面反射强. 该地区地壳厚度为40 km左右, 并具有从西向东增厚的趋势. 腾冲南, 即剖面上80~115 km地段, 在8~10 km深处存在一组亮点形式的强反射带, 莫霍界面反射波场在横向变化明显. 对三江断裂地带地壳增厚的方式, 地震孕育的构造环境及腾冲、保山地块、潞西海槽之间的接触关系等问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
7.
采用新近研制的分区多步不规则最短路径多震相地震射线追踪正演技术,结合流行的子空间反演算法,提出了一种联合多震相走时资料进行地震三参数 （速度、反射界面和震源位置） 同时反演的方法技术.数值模拟反演实例、以及与双参数 （速度和反射界面或速度和震源位置） 同时反演的对比分析表明：三参数同时反演成像结果大体接近双参数同时反演成像的结果.另外,噪声敏感性试验表明：所提算法对到时数据中可容许的随机误差并不敏感,结果说明多震相走时的联合三参数同时反演成像方法技术不失为一种提高走时成像空间分辨率、进而降低重建模型参数失真度、行之有效的方法技术. 相似文献
8.
常规叠加方法假设叠加的地震道集的反射波来自地下同一个反射点,而地表观测到 的反射波场在空间上小于菲涅尔体范围是不可分辨的. 本文根据火山岩体特征,用元弧描述 火山岩的反射界面. 将来自菲涅尔体范围内的反射波沿着元弧界面求和,进而扩大叠加次数 ,达到增加反射信号能量提高地震反射波的叠加成像质量的目的. 文中给出了反射波走时参 数与地下元弧反射界面之间的联系和叠加实现的步骤. 计算结果表明,元弧叠加方法能够提 高剖面的信噪比,增加反射波同相轴的连续性. 相似文献
9.
高频假设下的地震射线理论以及相应的地震成像理论表明,在射线稀疏条件下,不可能得到较高分辨率的构造成像;而有限频射线理论更符合实际地震的传播规律,即地震波的走时不仅与中心射线(传统的几何射线)上的速度分布有关,而且与中心射线附近一定范围(称其为第一菲涅耳体)内的速度异常分布有关.鉴于此,本文提出了计算多震相地震波菲涅耳体有限频射线的方法,并定义了走时敏感核函数,同时给出了利用多震相菲涅耳体有限频射线进行速度模型和反射界面同时反演成像的公式.利用多震相走时资料,使用传统射线层析成像方法与有限频射线层析成像方法进行了速度和界面的同时反演成像.结果表明,当射线密度较小时,无论是对速度模型的重建还是对反射界面几何形状的更新,有限频射线层析成像方法均优于传统射线层析成像方法, 而变频有限频射线层析成像则是实际地震层析成像的首选反演算法. 相似文献
10.
在水平分量的炮集记录中,数字三分量检波器直达波的椭圆率明显呈现出线性偏振的形态,并具有较高的分辨率,而模拟三分量检波器直达波的线性偏振不清晰,抗干扰能力差.在频谱分析和能量曲线分析的对比中,数字检波器的性能也高于模拟检波器.在PP波弱波阻抗界面的沙河组沙三12段,PS波表现出强反射界面,而且构造幅度比PP波剖面明显.在PS波剖面上,剖面深处两边的构造联系清晰可见,而在PP波剖面上很难解释剖面两边构造之间的关系,表明PS波资料对深层界面的成像能力有时不比PP波能力差,多分量资料在构造勘探上具有互补性.在沙四层底钻遇气层的马62井和马11井的测线CDP位置上,PP波和PS波的振幅比剖面上表现出低振幅比异常区,与钻井结果吻合.用多分量衰减系数或衰减比剖面,能够识别砂岩含气/水产生所产生的高频衰减异常.多分量地震属性及其比值剖面是储层含气异常指示的有效参数. 相似文献
11.
C.J. Thomson 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(1):64-92
The reflection operator for a simple flat‐lying interface can be thought of as the set of all its plane‐wave reflection coefficients or as the set of virtual surveys with sources and receivers along the interface. When there is dip, however, it is necessary to include the varying effects of propagation between the virtual‐survey level and the interface. Hence, step one in this paper is to derive the reflection operator for a dipping plane interface as observed at a datum level some distance away. The key assumption is that the aperture at the datum level is sufficient to characterize the reflector properties around a particular point. This translates into an assumption that the dip is moderate, though no explicit small‐angle approximation is required. The second step is to find the apparent reflection operator that would relate data that have been extrapolated from the datum towards and possibly beyond the reflector using an assumed migration velocity. This apparent reflection operator is closely related to extended common‐image gathers. The apparent reflection operator may be analysed asymptotically in terms of rays and other signals, shedding light on the structure of extended image gathers. In keeping with the virtual‐survey idea, the results are considered in a subsurface space‐time or slowness‐time domain at various extrapolation levels around the interface. An important distinction is drawn between using subsurface midpoint‐offset coordinates and the wavefield coordinates of the incident and reflected waves. The latter reveal more clearly the effects of dip, because they lead to a more asymmetric apparent reflection operator. Properties such as an up‐dip shift of a traveltime minimum and its associated curvature theoretically provide information about the reflector location and dip and the migration‐velocity error. The space‐time form of the reflection operator can be highly intricate around the offset‐time origin and it was described for a simple flat interface in a background paper. To avoid a layer of mathematics, the reflection‐operator formulas presented here are in the intermediate space‐frequency domain. They are analysed by considering their stationary‐phase and branch‐point high‐frequency contributions. There is no Born‐like assumption of weak reflector contrast and so wide‐angle, total reflection and head‐wave effects are included. Snell’s law is an explicit part of the theory. It is hoped that the work will therefore be a step towards the goal of unifying amplitude‐versus‐offset, imaging and waveform inversion. 相似文献
12.
三维三分量(3D3C)陆地反射PS转换波共中心点(CMP)叠加成像方法,虽然抽道集简单,但是对实际资料处理结果往往不理想.尤其当反射界面为三维倾斜界面时,其成像质量较差.本文提出有三个主要因素影响其成像质量:第一,转换点离散.运用实例计算得出,转换点离散度随着纵横波速度比、偏移距和界面倾角的增大而增大.相同界面倾角,不同测线方位的转换点离散度不同,视倾角的绝对值越大离散度也越大;第二,道集内静校正量差异增大.CMP道集中,由于转换点离散使得转换点横向跨度较大,经倾斜界面反射转换的S波出射到近地表地层时的角度差异也较大,导致静校突出;第三,加大动校叠加复杂性.三维倾斜界面PS波CMP道集近炮检距时距方程可表示为双曲形式,但是曲线的顶点位置和动校速度同时随测线方位变化,使得CMP道集同相轴很难校平,动校叠加过程很复杂. 相似文献
13.
全球造山带及中国大陆中西部普遍具有强烈起伏的地形条件.复杂地形条件下的地壳结构成像问题像一面旗帜引领了当前矿产资源勘探和地球动力学研究的一个重要方向.深地震测深记录中反射波的有效探测深度可达全地壳乃至上地幔顶部,而初至波通常仅能探测上地壳浅部.为克服和弥补初至波探测深度的不足,本文基于前人对复杂地形条件下初至波成像的已有研究成果,采用数学变换手段将笛卡尔坐标系的不规则模型映射到曲线坐标系的规则模型,并将快速扫描方法与分区多步技术相结合,发展了反射波走时计算和射线追踪的方法.进而利用反射波走时反演,实现起伏地形下高精度的速度结构成像,从而为起伏地形下利用反射波数据高精度重建全地壳速度结构提供了一种全新方案.数值算例从正演计算精度、反演中初始模型依赖性、反演精度、纵横向分辨率以及抗噪性等方面验证了算法的正确性和可靠性. 相似文献
14.
TH. KREY 《Geophysical Prospecting》1976,24(1):91-111
It is well known that interval velocities can be determined from common-reflection-point moveout times. However, the mathematics becomes complicated in the general case of n homogeneous layers with curved interfaces dipping in three dimensions. In this paper the problem is solved by mathematical induction using the second power terms only of the Taylor series which represents the moveout time as a function of the coordinate differences between shot and geophone points. Moreover, the zero-offset reflection times of the nth interface in a certain area surrounding the point of interest have to be known. The n—I upper interfaces and interval velocities are known too on account of the mathematical induction method applied. Thus, the zero-offset reflection raypath of the nth interface can be supposed to be known down to the intersection with the (n—1)th interface. The method applied consists mainly in transforming the second power terms of the moveout time from one interface to the next one. This is accomplished by matrix algebra. Some special cases are discussed as e.g. uniform strike and small curvatures. 相似文献
15.
2005年,跨西安坳陷完成一条NW方向,69 km长的深地震反射剖面,首次获得该区域的地壳精细结构、主要断裂展布和深、浅构造关系图像.地震反射CMP叠加时间剖面显示,以反射事件C为界,地壳被分成上下两部分.上地壳由多组近水平反射带组成,具有分段连续性好、局部存在反射带明显错断或形态突变等特征,清晰地刻画出西安坳陷新生代沉积分层、坳陷底界、渭河断裂带、临潼-长安断裂带和秦岭山前断裂带的几何形态和关系.反射事件C是结晶地壳内宽度约0.5 s的反射带,最深处位于桩号30 km,底界约6.5 s,向西北缓慢抬升至5.5 s,向南东迅速抬升至5.5 s.下地壳有两个明显的反射事件RA、RB: RB是位于桩号40~47 km之间的局部反射团, 而RA为宽度约2 s、向坳陷倾斜的反射带.以桩号38 km为界,反射Moho形态截然不同,而且出现了显著的错断:大桩号方向,反射Moho为位于双程走时11~14 s水平的反射分段连续的过渡带,宽度约3 s;小桩号方向,反射Moho为一宽度约2 s、并向大桩号倾斜的反射分段连续的过渡带,其形态和反射事件RA相同.根据地震波速度资料,求得这几个反射带顶界的深度分别为:10.5~13.5 km(反射带C)、20.3~21.5 km(反射带RB)、16.8~34.3 km(反射带RA)和32~36.7 km(反射带Moho)左右.作者认为形态一致的反射事件RA和反射Moho很可能是古秦岭洋向华北地台俯冲的遗迹.此外,西安坳陷内错断新生界深达反射事件C的渭河和临潼-长安断裂带和莫霍错断的存在,表明该地区地壳现今活动性很强,是未来强震发生值得注意的地区. 相似文献
16.
17.
Einar Iversen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,148(1-2):287-317
The motivation for this paper is to provide expressions for first-order partial derivatives of reflection point coordinates, taken with respect to model parameters. Such derivatives are expected to be useful for processes dealing with the problem of estimating velocities for depth migration of seismic data.The subject of the paper is a particular aspect of ray perturbation theory, where observed parameters—two-way reflection time and horizontal components of slowness, are constraining the ray path when parameters of the reference velocity model are perturbed. The methodology described here is applicable to general rays in a 3D isotropic, heterogeneous medium. Each ray is divided into a shot ray and a receiver ray, i.e., the ray portions between the shot/receiver and the reflection point, respectively. Furthermore, by freezing the initial horizontal slowness of these subrays as the model is perturbed,elementary perturbation quantities may be obtained, comprising derivatives of ray hit positions within theisochrone tangent plane, as well as corresponding time derivatives. The elementary quantities may be estimated numerically, by use of ray perturbation theory, or in some cases, analytically. In particular, when the layer above the reflection point is homogeneous, explicit formulas can be derived. When the elementary quantities are known,reflection point derivatives can be obtained efficiently from a set of linear expressions.The method is applicable for a common shot, receiver or offset data sorting. For these gather types, reflection point perturbationlaterally with respect to the isochrone is essentially different. However, in theperpendicular direction, a first-order perturbation is shown to beindependent of gather type.To evaluate the theory, reflection point derivatives were estimated analytically and numerically. I also compared first-order approximations to true reflection point curves, obtained by retracing rays for a number of model perturbations. The results are promising, especially with respect to applications in sensitivity analysis for prestack depth migration and in velocity model updating. 相似文献
18.
在界面两侧地层的弹性参数弱反差的假设难以成立的情况下,本文提出用平均入射角道集进行PP波与PS波的联合反演.首先,在PP波与PS波AVA(amplitude versus angle,振幅随入射角变化)道集的基础上,分别选择小入射角范围与大入射角范围的AVA道集进行局部加权叠加,以获得由两个角度组成的平均入射角道集,并作为后续反演的输入数据.然后,再通过最小二乘原理建立了PP波与PS波联合反演目标函数,推导了模型修改量的向量公式,建立了平均入射角道集联合反演的流程.模型数据与实际数据的测试结果表明:在信噪比较低、地层弹性参数反差较大、层厚较薄的情况下,该反演方法的精度在很大程度上超过了基于近似反射系数的反演方法,为复杂油气藏勘探提供了新的思路. 相似文献
19.
P. HUBRAL 《Geophysical Prospecting》1977,25(4):738-745
Using an elementary theory of migration one can consider a reflecting horizon as a continuum of scattering centres for seismic waves. Reflections arising at interfaces can thus be looked upon as the sum of energy scattered by interface points. The energy from one point is distributed among signals upon its reflection time surface. This surface is usually well approximated by a hyperboloid in the vicinity of its apex. Migration aims at focusing the scattered energy of each depth point into an image point upon the reflection time surface. To ensure a complete migration the image must be vertical above the depth point. This is difficult to achieve for subsurface interfaces which fall below laterally in-homogeneous velocity media. Migration is hence frequently performed for these interfaces as well by the Kirchhoff summation method which systematically sums signals into the apex of the approximation hyperboloid even though the Kirchhoff integral is in this case not strictly valid. For a multilayered subsurface isovelocity layer model with interfaces of a generally curved nature this can only provide a complete migration for the uppermost interface. Still there are various advantages gained by having a process which sums signals consistently into the minimum of the reflection time surface. The position of the time surface minimum is the place where a ray from the depth point emerges vertically to the surface. The Kirchhoff migration, if applied to media with laterally inhomogeneous velocity, must necessarily be followed by a further time-to-depth migration if the true depth structure is to be recovered. Primary normal reflections and their respective migrated reflections have a complementary relationship to each other. Normal reflections relate to rays normal to the reflector and migrated reflections relate to rays normal to the free surface. Ray modeling is performed to indicate a new approach for simulating seismic reflections. Commonly occuring situations are investigated from which lessons can be learned which are of immediate value for those concerned with interpreting time migrated reflections. The concept of the ‘image ray’ is introduced. 相似文献
20.
Crustal reflection structure in the uplifting zone of Songliao Basin and disconnecting Moho interface 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
S.A.Faisal 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(6):514-521
Songliao Basin is one of the most important bases for oil-gas resources of China. Therefore, the mecha-nism of petroleum occurrence and basin dynamics have been paid much attention to by geo-scientists all the time. With multi-phase tectonic movements en-dured by the basin, its tectonic pattern is very complex. Thereinto, three faults, that is, western Neijiang fault(NNE25), eastern Yilan-Yitong fault (NNE30) and Sunwu-Shuangliao fault, extend along south-north direction and cut Songliao… 相似文献