首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Petrographic and microprobe investigations of calc-alkaline (CA) rocks from the High Cascade Range (i.e., Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Jefferson, Crater Lake and Mt. Shasta) of western North America show that crystal clots represent primary igneous phase assemblages and are not products of amphibole reactions with melt. For each eruptive complex, crystal clots display diverse modal proportions even within a single eruptive unit. Nevertheless, in all cases the crystal-clot minerals are also represented in the rock as phenocrysts or microphenocrysts. Basalts contain clots of ol+plag+mgt, ol+mgt, cpx+ plag+mgt, cpx+mgt and plag+mgt; andesites, clots of cpx+mgt, opx+mgt, cpx+opx+plag+mgt, cpx+plag+mgt, opx+plag+mgt and plag±mgt; and dacites, clots of opx+mgt, cpx+opx+plag+ mgt, opx+plag+mgt, amph+plag+mgt±ilm, amph+mgt±ilm and plag±mgt. The bulk compositions of most of these clot assemblages could not have been derived from amphibole percursors. Although some amphiboles in dacitic rocks display a breakdown reaction of amph=plag+cpx+opx +mag, these mineral clusters, unlike those of clots, typically have a relict amphibole crystal outline and a fine-grained metamorphic texture. Plagioclase grains in the mineral clusters lack oscillatory zoning which is typical of crystal clot plagioclase grains. The euhedral to subhedral shapes of most clot minerals and the oscillatory zoning present in most clot plagioclase grains are not likely to have formed from the breakdown of amphibole. Crystal clots are also observed in Hawaiian and ocean floor basalts, although amphibole fractionation has not been proposed for those lavas. Magnetite fractionation may be the controlling process limiting iron enrichment in CA magmas rather than amphibole fractionation. Textural evidence indicates that magnetite is an early-forming phase in CA magmas. V, which is concentrated in magnetite, shows a strong decrease with increasing silica in many CA rocks, supporting a magnetite fractionation model.Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Contrib. No. 969  相似文献   

2.
河北武安坦岭多斑斜长斑岩中基质矿物特征及其研究意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
河北武安坦岭斜长斑岩具有多斑斑状结构,基质为显微晶质结构。岩相学观察表明,斜长石斑晶有一个宽广的核部和一个宽度可变的条纹长石反应边,个别核部包含有角闪石、黑云母等矿物。基质矿物主要由蓝透闪石、条纹长石(An0Ab8.4Or91.5～An0.1Ab57.3Or42.6)、石英、钾长石(An0.3Ab5.9Or93.7～An0.3Ab4.7Or95.2)、钠长石(An0.2Ab98.3Or1.5～An0.1Ab99.2Or0.7)、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、钛铁矿、磷灰石、榍石和锆石等11种矿物组成。角闪石温压计计算结果得出,基质角闪石核部的结晶压力高于边部,核部为34.05 MPa,对应的结晶温度为660.35℃,结晶深度为1.29km;边部的结晶压力为24.32MPa,结晶温度为598.32℃,结晶深度为0.92km;而斜长石斑晶中的角闪石形成时压力为159.51～178.19MPa,温度为817.68～819.79℃,对应的形成深度为6.03～6.73km。基质角闪石在Al2O3-TiO2图上落在壳源区,而斑晶中的角闪石和黑云母都落在壳幔混合区。斜长石、条纹长石、磁铁矿和磷灰石的微量和稀土元素测试数据显示,其都具有相对富集LILE、亏损HFSE的特点,暗示了基质矿物的形成有流体参与。ICT三维扫描结果显示,斜长斑岩基质中的孔隙体积含量约为3.428%,铁质体积含量为4.371%,且铁氧化物和孔隙具弱连通性。通过讨论分析,笔者得出:(1)坦岭斜长斑岩中斜长石斑晶具有明显的交代结构,且晶体本身没有明显熔蚀现象,这些特征表明大量的斜长石斑晶快速上升,即"冻结岩浆房"的活化机制与流体密切相关;(2)斜长斑岩中基质矿物有十一种,且矿物类型复杂,不符合平衡系统矿物相律,应属于流体晶矿物组合;(3)坦岭斜长斑岩的基质"岩浆"可能是一种富Fe、K、P、Si、Na等元素的熔体-流体流;(4)多斑斜长斑岩的形成经历了(1)深度6～7km的深部岩浆房形成斜长石堆晶→(2)富Fe、K、P、Si、Na等元素的熔体-流体流加入深部岩浆房,冻结岩浆房活化→(3)由于流体超压,含大量斜长石斑晶的熔体-流体在地壳浅部(0.9～1.2km)呈小岩株状或岩脉状就位。多斑斜长斑岩为深部找矿提供了有力的线索。  相似文献   

3.
Reconciling the diverse records of magmatic events preserved by multiple crystals and minerals in the same sample is often challenging. In the case of basaltic–andesites from Volcán Llaima (Chile), Mg zoning in olivine is always simpler than Ca zoning in plagioclase. A model that explains a number of chemical patterns is that Llaima magmas stall in the upper crust, where they undergo decompression crystallization and form crystal-mush bodies. Frequent magma inputs from deeper reservoirs provide the potential for remobilization and eruption. The records of multiple recharge events in Llaima plagioclase versus an apparent maximum of one such event in coexisting olivine are addressed by using trace element zoning in olivine phenocrysts. We have integrated elements that (1) respond to changes in magma composition due to recharge or mixing (Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, ±Ca), with (2) elements that are incorporated during rapid, disequilibrium crystal growth (P, Ti, Sc, V, Al). A more complex history is obtained when these elements are evaluated considering their partition coefficients, diffusivities, and crystal growth rates. The olivine archive can then be reconciled with the plagioclase archive of magma reservoir processes. Olivine (and plagioclase) phenocrysts may experience up to three or more recharge events between nucleation and eruption. Diffusion modeling of major and trace element zoning in two dimensions using a new lattice Boltzmann model suggests that recharge events occur on the order of months to a couple of years prior to eruption, whereas crystal residence times are more likely to be on the order of a few years to decades.  相似文献   

4.
我们对采自于加勒比海地区小安德列斯岛弧(Lesser Antilles Arc)Kick’em Jenny(KEJ)海底火山玄武岩中的斜长石斑晶进行了矿物形态和成分分析。利用电子探针(EMPA)和LA-ICP-MS测定了具有环带结构的斜长石斑晶中主量元素的空间分布,同时也利用LA-ICP-MS分析了斜长石中Sr的分布。结果表明,在不同的矿物斑晶中,元素含量均表现出和环带结构相联系的空间分布变化。斜长石斑晶中最主要的结构为韵律环带以及熔蚀结构,所测定的矿物边缘都存在An值从由内向外迅速降低的致密韵律环带,可能反映了快速结晶时的不平衡;而晶体内部的稀疏韵律环带结构是由岩浆填充或对流活动导致的。部分斜长石的熔蚀层An值由内向外升高,反映了高Ca岩浆填充的过程。这说明斜长石斑晶的矿物形态和元素环带可以用来制约俯冲带海底火山岩浆从源区上升到岩浆房再到喷发的复杂过程,包括岩浆演化、熔体多次填充、熔体与结晶矿物之间的反应、以及矿物再熔融等。这对于理解海底火山的喷发以及岛弧岩浆岩的演化有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
The Miocene Karamağara volcanics (KMV) crop out in the Saraykent region (Yozgat) of Central Anatolia. The KMV include four principal magmatic components based on their petrography and compositional features: basaltic andesites (KMB); enclaves (KME); andesites (KMA); and dacites (KMD). Rounded and ellipsoidal enclaves occur in the andesites, ranging in diameter from a few millimetres to ten centimetres. A non‐cognate origin for the enclaves is suggested due to their mineralogical dissimilarity to the enclosing andesites. The enclaves range in composition from basaltic andesite to andesite. Major and trace element data and primitive mantle‐normalized rare‐earth element (REE) patterns of the KMV exhibit the effects of fractional crystallization on the evolution of the KME which are the product of mantle‐derived magma. The KMA contain a wide variety of phenocrysts, including plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende and opaque minerals. Comparison of textures indicates that many of the hornblende phenocrysts within the KMA were derived from basaltic andesites (KMB) and are not primary crystallization products of the KMA. Evidence of disequilibrium in the hybrid andesite includes the presence of reacted hornblendes, clinopyroxene mantled by orthopyroxene and vice versa, and sieve‐texture and inclusion zones within plagioclase. The KMV exhibit a complex history, including fractional crystallization, magma mixing and mingling processes between mantle and crust‐derived melts. Textural and geochemical characteristics of the enclaves and their hosts require that mantle‐derived basic magma intruded the deep continental crust followed by fractional crystallization and generation of silicic melts from the continental material. Hybridization between basic and silicic melts subsequently occurred in a shallow magma chamber. Modelling of major element geochemistry suggests that the hybrid andesite represents a 62:38 mix of dacite and basaltic andesite. The implication of this process is that calc‐alkaline intermediate volcanic rocks in the Saraykent region represent hybrids resulting from mixing between basic magma derived from the mantle and silicic magma derived from the continental crust. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
Boninite series volcanic rocks have been recovered from three dredge hauls on the inner slope of the Mariana Trench. These hauls included olivine boninites, boninites, boninitic andesites and boninitic dacites, as well as island arc tholeiitic basalts and andesites. The boninite series volcanics range from 52 to 68% SiO2, and are characterized by very low abundances of high-field-strength cations and heavy-rare-earth elements. Boninites and olivine boninites have phenocrysts of olivine and orthopyroxene, the andesites phenocrysts of orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, and the dacites orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase. Most of the major and trace element variation in the series from boninite to boninitic dacite can be modelled by fractionation of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase in the proportions 2.5412, leaving 47% residual liquid. The fractionation must be in part open-system: reverse zoned phenocrysts, resorbed olivine and plagioclase xenocrysts, and bulk rock compositions which cannot be fit by simple closed system crystallization indicate some magma mixing and phenocryst accumulation. Two boninitic magma stems can be identified, with similar high-field-strength element abundances, but different amounts of Ca, Na, Al and light-rare-earth elements. There is also evidence for a magma stem transitional in chemistry from the boninites to arc tholeiites. The compositions of these boninites are consistent with hypotheses for boninite formation by partial melting of a depleted mantle mixed with an incompatible element enriched fluid. The Mariana forearc boninite series lacks a strong iron enrichment, but produces andesites with lower Ti, Al and Y/Zr, and higher Mg, Ni and Cr than typical calcalkaline arc andesites and dacites. Boninites in the Mariana system were erupted only in the earliest phases of subduction zone activity.  相似文献   

7.
The textures and kinetics of reaction between plagioclase and melts have been investigated experimentally, and origin of dusty plagioclase in andesites has been discussed. In the experiments plagioclase of different compositions (An96, An61, An54, An23, and An22) surrounded by glasses of six different compositions in the system diopside-albite-anorthite was heated at temperatures ranging from 1,200 to 1,410° C for 30 min to 88 h. Textures were closely related to temperature and chemical compositions. A crystal became smaller and rounded above the plagioclase liquidus temperature of the starting melt (glass) and remained its original euhedral shape below the liquidus. Whatever the temperature, the crystal-melt interface became rough and often more complicated (sieve-like texture composed of plagioclase-melt mixture in the scale of a few m was developed from the surface of the crystal inward; formation of mantled plagioclase) if the crystal is less calcic than the plagioclase in equilibrium with the surrounding melt, and the interface remained smooth if the crystal is more calcic than the equilibrium plagioclase. From these results the following two types of dissolution have been recognized; (1) a crystal simply dissolves in the melt which is undersaturated with respect to the phase (simple dissolution), and a crystal is partially dissolved to form mantled plagioclase by reaction between sodic plagioclase and calcic melt (partial dissolution). The amount of a crystal dissolved and reacted increased proportional to the square root of time. This suggests that these processes are controlled by diffusion, probably in the crystal.Mantled plagioclase produced in the experiments were very similar both texturally and chemically to some of the so-called resorbed plagioclase in igneous rocks. Chemical compositions and textures of plagioclase phenocrysts in island-arc andesites of magma mixing origin have been examined. Cores of clear and dusty plagioclase were clacic (about An90) and sodic (about An50), respectively. This result indicates that dusty plagioclases were formed by the partial melting due to reaction between sodic plagioclase already precipitated in a dacitic magma and a melt of intermediate composition in a mixed magma during the magma mixing.  相似文献   

8.
程志国  张招崇  张东阳  黄河 《地质学报》2013,87(8):1104-1123
本文对新疆巴楚爆破角砾岩筒的矿物学进行了系统的研究.结果表明:爆破角砾岩主要由胶结物和超镁铁质包体构成,胶结物的主要造岩矿物有单斜辉石、橄榄石、角闪石和金云母,它们既有金伯利质岩浆本身结晶出来的矿物斑晶,也有与超镁铁质包体同源的捕掳晶.胶结物中晚期结晶的矿物比早期结晶的矿物更加富镁,矿物环带表现为反环带,指示岩浆在演化过程中发生了一定程度的岩浆混合作用.研究发现爆破角砾岩中超镁铁质包体与周围的层状岩体在矿物学上存在诸多不同,暗示包体可能不是来自于后者.对比发现,巴楚金伯利岩与中国东部华北地台含矿金伯利岩在克拉通固结年龄、岩石圈厚度、岩石出露位置及岩浆来源深度等方面均存在很大不同,这些对巴楚金伯利岩成矿构成了不利因素.  相似文献   

9.
The Were Ilu ignimbrites are unlike other Oligocene rhyolites from the Ethiopian continental flood basalt province, in that they consist of plagioclase (An19–54), augite, pigeonite and Ti-magnetite, instead of anorthoclase, sodic sanidine, aegirine-augite and ilmenite. The minerals occur as (micro-)phenocrysts isolated within a glassy matrix or forming gabbroic and dioritic cumulophyric clots. Plagioclase is partially re-melted (sieve-textures with infilling glass). It is zoned with sudden changes in composition. However, the bulk zoning is normal with An-rich core (An45–54) and more sodic rim (An19–28). Ba and Sr concentration profiles of two plagioclase phenocrysts show a bulk rimward increase with compositions ranging from 250 ppm to 1,060 ppm and from 400 ppm to 1,590 ppm, respectively. The matrix glass has low CaO content (0.1–0.5 wt.%), a peralkalinity index of 0.79–1.04 and average Sr and Ba contents of 48±22 and 525±129 ppm, respectively. Geochemical modelling of Ba and Sr zoning profiles of plagioclase, based on experimental constraints, suggests that the cumulophyric clots can be derived from fractional crystallisation associated with limited assimilation (8 wt.%) from melts slightly less evolved than their rhyolitic matrix glass. These clots are not witnesses of intermediate magmas allowing the Daly Gap to be filled, but are cumulates differentiated from rhyodacitic melt. This indicates that parental magmas were stored in crustal magma chambers where they differentiated before being erupted at the surface.  相似文献   

10.
The Neogene quartz andesites from the Oa? and Gutâi Mountains (Romania) are mid-K calc-alkaline rocks and contain plagioclase-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-amphibole-magnetite phenocrysts as well as quartz crystals. They are associated with a volcanic sequence ranging from basalts and basaltic andesites to dacites and rhyolites, but form a separate magma group, mostly in respect to the trace elements. Based on the geochemical data combined with inferences from complex zoning patterns in plagioclase and pyroxene, the evolution of quartz andesites is interpreted in terms of fractional crystallization, AFC and magma mixing. A parental magma deriving from a MORB- or OIB-type source modified by fluids and melts originating from sediments is envisaged.  相似文献   

11.
The crystal size distributions (CSDs) of plagioclase and amphibolewere determined from andesites of the Soufrière Hillsvolcano, Montserrat. Plagioclase occurs as separate crystalsand as chadocrysts in large amphibole oikocrysts. The chadocrystsrepresent an earlier stage of textural development, preservedby growth of the oikocryst. Seventeen rock and eight chadocrystplagioclase CSDs are considered together as a series of samplesof textural development. All are curved, concave up, and coincident,differing only in their maximum crystal size. Three amphiboleCSDs have a similar shape and behaviour, but at a differentposition from the plagioclase CSDs. A dynamic model is proposedfor the origin of textures in these rocks. Crystallization ofplagioclase started following emplacement of andesite magmaat a depth of at least 5 km. A steep, straight CSD developedby nucleation and growth. This process was interrupted by theinjection of mafic magma into the chamber, or convective overturnof hotter magma. The magma temperature rose until it was buffered,initially by plagioclase solution and later by crystallization.During this period textural coarsening (Ostwald ripening) ofplagioclase and amphibole occurred: small crystals dissolvedsimultaneously with the growth of large crystals. The CSD becameless steep and extended to larger crystal sizes. Early stagesof this process are preserved in coarsened amphibole oikocrysts.Repetitions of this cycle generated the observed family of CSDs.Textural coarsening followed the ‘Communicating Neighbours’model. Hence, each crystal has its own, unique growth–solutionhistory, without appealing to mixing of magmas that crystallizedin different environments. KEY WORDS: Ostwald ripening; textural coarsening; oikocryst; CSD; texture  相似文献   

12.
Laser-ablation microanalysis of a large suite of silicate and sulfide melt inclusions from the deeply eroded, Cu-Au-mineralizing Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex (NW Argentina) shows that most phenocrysts in a given rock sample were not formed in equilibrium with each other. Phenocrysts in the andesitic volcano were brought together in dominantly andesitic—dacitic extrusive and intrusive rocks by intense magma mixing. This hybridization process is not apparent from macroscopic mingling textures, but is clearly recorded by systematically contrasting melt inclusions in different minerals from a given sample. Amphibole (and rare pyroxene) phenocrysts consistently contain inclusions of a mafic melt from which they crystallized before and during magma mixing. Most plagioclase and quartz phenocrysts contain melt inclusions of more felsic composition than the host rock. The endmember components of this mixing process are a rhyodacite magma with a likely crustal component, and a very mafic mantle-derived magma similar in composition to lamprophyre dykes emplaced early in the evolution of the complex. The resulting magmas are dominantly andesitic, in sharp contrast to the prominently bimodal distribution of mafic and felsic melts recorded by the inclusions. These results severely limit the use of mineral assemblages to derive information on the conditions of magma formation. Observed mineral associations are primarily the result of the mixing of partially crystallized magmas. The most mafic melt is trapped only in amphibole, suggesting pressures exceeding 350 MPa, temperatures of around 1,000 °C and water contents in excess on 6 wt%. Upon mixing, amphibole crystallized with plagioclase from andesitic magma in the source region of porphyry intrusions at 250 MPa, 950 °C and water contents of 5.5 wt%. During ascent of the extrusive magmas, pyroxene and plagioclase crystallized together, as a result of magma degassing at low pressures (150 MPa). Protracted extrusive activity built a large stratovolcano over the total lifetime of the magmatic complex (>3 m.y.). The mixing process probably triggered eruptions as a result of volatile exsolution.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material (eTable 1and eFigure 1) is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.Editorial responsibility: T.L. Grove  相似文献   

13.
Various petrographic features and geochemical characteristics indicative of disequilibrium are preserved in plagioclase phenocrysts from basaltic to andesitic lavas in East Junggar, northwest China. These characteristics indicate that they crystallized in a magma chamber, which was replenished by less differentiated and high-temperature magmas. The petrographic and geochemical features of the plagioclase phenocrysts are interpreted to record responses to changes in temperature, composition and mechanical effect during magma replenishment. Distinct rare earth element(REE) patterns between cores and rims of the same plagioclase crystal suggest derivation from two end-member magmas. From core to rim, plagioclase phenocrysts commonly display sharp fluctuations of anorthite(An) content up to 20, which either correspond to reverse zoning associated with ovoidal cores and resorption surface(PI), or normal zoning with euhedral form and no resorption surface(P2). Plagioclase crystals with diverse textures and remarkably different An content coexist on the scale of a thin-section. Cores of these plagioclases in each sample display a bimodal distribution of An content. From core to rim in PI, concentrations o f FeOT and Sr increase remarkably as An content increases. During magma replenishment, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the andesitic magma, which were immersed into hotter and less differentiated magmas, were heated and resorbed to form ovoidal cores, and then were overgrown by a thin rim with much higher contents of An, FeO~T and Sr. However, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the basaltic magma were injected into cooler and more evolved magmas, and were remained as euhedral cores, which were later enclosed by oscillatory zoned rims with much lower contents of An, Sr and Ba.  相似文献   

14.
Basaltic andesites are the dominant Tongan magma type, and are characterized by phenocrysts of augite, orthopyroxene (or rarely pigeonite), and calcic plagioclase (modally most abundant phase, and interpreted as the liquidus phase). The plagioclase phenocrysts exhibit slight oscillatory reverse zoning except for abrupt and thin more sodic rims, which are interpreted to develop during eruptive quenching. These rim compositions overlap those of the groundmass plagioclase. The pyroxene phenocrysts also exhibit only slight compositional zoning except for the outermost rim zones; the compositions of these rims, together with the groundmass pyroxenes, vary throughout the compositional range of subcalcic augite to ferroaugite through pigeonite to ferropigeonite, and are interpreted in terms of quench-controlled crystallization. This is supported, for example, by the random distribution of Al solid solution in the groundmass pyroxenes, compared to the more regular behaviour of Al in the phenocryst pyroxenes. The analysed Niua Fo'ou olivine tholeiites are aphyric; groundmass phases are plagioclase (An17–88), olivine (Fa18–63), titanomagnetite (usp. 59–73), and augite-ferroaugite which does not extend to subcalcic compositions; this is interpreted to be due to higher quenching temperatures and lower viscosities of these tholeiites compared to the basaltic andesites.Application of various geothermometers to the basaltic andesites suggest initial eruptive quenching temperatures of 1,008–1,124 ° C, plagioclase liquidus temperatures (1 bar) of 1,210–1,277 ° C, and orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene equilibration of 990–1,150 ° C. These calculated temperatures, together with supporting evidence (e.g. absence of olivine and amphibole, liquidus plagioclase, and plagioclase zoning patterns) are interpreted in terms of phenocryst crystallization from magmas that were either strongly water undersaturated, nearly anhydrous, or at best, water saturated at very low pressures (< 0.5 kb). This interpretation implies that these Tongan basaltic andesites did not originate by any of the currently proposed mechanisms involving hydrous melting within or above the Benioff zone.  相似文献   

15.
Study of the data provided by Stanton and Bell (1969) for certain basaltic rocks from the New Georgia Group reveals an apparent discrepancy between compositional variation and the sequence of phenocryst phases available for fractionation. The discrepancy none-the-less appears explicable in terms of two low-pressure crystal fractionation mechanisms. The first of these we term compensated crystal settling, a process which, it is postulated, allows a substantial amount of magma undergoing crystal settling to maintain its overall composition since crystals settling from it are continually replaced by compositionally similar crystals which settle into it from higher levels. The second process involves selective fractionation of phases sinking at different rates. Slow sinking of plagioclase relative to ferromagnesian minerals is believed to produce cumulus enrichment in plagioclase in the upper part of the chamber, the resultant magmas being erupted as highly porphyritic, high-alumina, basaltic andesites.  相似文献   

16.
Quaternary basalts, andesites and dacites from the Abu monogenetic volcano group, SW Japan, (composed of more than 40 monogenetic volcanoes) show two distinct chemical trends especially on the FeO*/MgO vs SiO2 diagram. One trend is characterized by FeO*/MgO-enrichment with a slight increase in SiO2 content (Fe-type trend), whereas the other shows a marked SiO2-enrichment with relatively constant FeO*/MgO ratios (Si-type trend). The Fe-type trend is explained by fractional crystallization with subtraction of olivine and augite from a primitive alkali basalt magma. Rocks of the Si-type trend are characterized by partially melted or resorbed quartz and sodic plagioclase phenocrysts and/or fine-grained basaltic inclusions. They are most likely products of mixing of a primitive alkali basalt magma containing olivine phenocrysts with a dacite magma containing quartz, sodic plagioclase and hornblende phenocrysts. Petrographic variation as well as chemical variation from basalt to dacite of the Si-type trend is accounted for by various mixing ratios of basalt and dacite magmas. Pargasitic hornblende and clinopyroxene phenocrysts in andesite and dacite may have crystallized from basaltic magma during magma mixing. Olivine and spinel, and quartz, sodic plagioclase and common hornblende had crystallized in basaltic and dacitic magmas, respectively, before the mixing. Within a lava flow, the abundance of basaltic inclusions decreases from the area near the eruptive vent towards the perimeter of the flow, and the number of resorbed phenocrysts varies inversely, suggesting zonation in the magma chamber.The mode of mixing changes depending on the mixing ratio. In the mafic mixture, basalt and dacite magmas can mix in the liquid state (liquid-liquid mixing). In the silicic mixture, on the other hand, the basalt magma was quenched and formed inclusions (liquid-solid mixing). During mixing, the disaggregated basalt magma and the host dacite magma soon reached thermal equilibrium. Compositional homogenization of the mixed magma can occur only when the equilibrium temperature is sufficiently above the solidus of the basalt magma. The Si-type trend is chemically and petrographically similar to the calc-alkalic trend. Therefore, a calc-alkalic trend which is distinguished from a fractional crystallization trend (e.g. Fe-type trend) may be a product of magma mixing.  相似文献   

17.
The relative ages of 21 lavas from Boqueron volcano in El Salvador were determined by superposition. The lavas are grey to black, porphyritic basalts, basaltic andesites and andesites with phenocrysts of plagioclase, augite, olivine, and magnetite. The andesitic lavas appear to have evolved from basaltic magma by fractionation of the observed phenocryst phases.The temporal variation in the chemical composition of the lavas at Boqueron is composed of three components. First, there is a crudely cyclical alternation of basalts and andesites. Second, these cycles are progressively shifted toward higher SiO2 contents. Third, approximately in the middle of the stratigraphic section sampled, there is an abrupt change in chemical variation trends from an Al-rich and Fe-poor trend to an Fe-rich and Al-poor trend. This change is interpreted to have been caused by an increased proportion of plagioclase fractionation and a decreased porportion of augite fractionation. The crudely cyclical change in SiO2 content with time is interpreted as a combination of crystal fractionation that increases SiO2 content, followed by influxes of basaltic magma that mix with residual magma to decrease SiO2 content. Successive cycles are shifted toward higher SiO2 content because there is a significant volume of fractionated magma remaining in the chamber before each influx of basalt.  相似文献   

18.
河北武安坦岭多斑斜长斑岩的成因:冻结岩浆房活化机制   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  
流变学实验表明,当岩浆中晶体体积分数达到约50vol%时,岩浆体实际上处于冻结状态,不再具有整体迁移的能力。但在自然界中仍存在含大量斑晶的浅成火成岩和火山岩。因此,富晶体岩浆的上升过程和侵位机制是近年来地球科学领域关注的热点之一。目前,冻结岩浆房的活化机制主要有二种:升温活化机制和流体活化机制。河北武安坦岭地区新发现的多斑斜长斑岩为揭示冻结岩浆房的活化提供了契机。野外观察和晶体粒度分布(CSD)分析表明,坦岭斜长斑岩中斜长石斑晶高达70vol%,基质为显微晶质结构。斜长石斑晶粒径分布均一,大小约为3.1×1.7mm;显微镜观察和背散射图像揭示,斜长石斑晶具环带结构,由宽广的斜长石核部+宽度可变的条纹长石边部组成,且无熔蚀现象;电子探针成分剖面分析表明,斑晶核部成分为更长石(An_(27)Ab_(71)Or_2),幔部为更长石(An_(13)Ab_(83)Or_4),边部为条纹长石。边部条纹长石的成分有一定变化,从内侧到外侧,主晶钠长石成分由Ab_(53)Or_(47)变为Ab_(99)Or_1,客晶钾长石成分由Ab_(48)Or_(51)变为Ab3Or97。斑晶斜长石核部存在细长条状或斑点状钾长石,且越靠近中心,钾长石斑点的数量越少。这些特点表明,边部条纹长石为交代成因。稀土和微量元素分析则显示,边部条纹长石具弱正Eu异常,相对富集LREE和K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、Zr、Nb的特点。CSD相关图解及以上特征表明,斜长石斑晶形成于稳定,封闭的结晶环境,并受到晚期碱交代作用的改造。基质主要由微粒钙质角闪石,条纹长石,石英,钾长石和钠长石组成,含少量自形-半自形磁铁矿和钛铁矿、磷灰石、榍石、金红石和锆石等11种矿物组成。11种矿物相和结构特征暗示基质形成于极端不稳定的结晶环境,与斜长石斑晶形成条件鲜明对照。根据基质的矿物组成,推测形成基质的岩浆具有富含K、Na、Fe、Si和挥发分的特征。这种特征与上述关于条纹长石环边形成条件的判断一致。据此,本文认为:产生斜长石斑晶的岩浆曾经在地壳深部作过长时间滞留,导致了斜长石的稳定结晶,增加了岩浆的粘度和密度,使岩浆处于冻结状态;富碱高铁熔体-流体流的注入大幅降低了岩浆的总粘度,并提高了岩浆的浮力,从而促使冻结岩浆房迅速活化和上升侵位;同时,富碱高铁熔体-流体流强烈交代了先存的斜长石斑晶,使其边部形成条纹长石;这种熔体-流体流则在快速排气,冷却过程中迅速结晶,形成了具有不平衡矿物组合的显微晶质基质。在岩浆侵入体较深部位,富碱高铁熔体-流体经历了很缓慢的固结过程,而相分离产生的流体有可能萃取携带岩浆中的铁质,形成富Fe流体流,后者可能对区内"铁矿浆"型铁矿的形成具有重要的贡献。  相似文献   

19.
Petrographic, trace element and isotopic evidence demonstrates that magma mixing preceded the eruption of the Garner Mountain andesite. The flow contains reversely zoned plagioclase phenocrysts and amphibole pseudomorphs composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and opaque oxides. Partially resorbed quartz grains are also present. In contrast to the isotopically uniform matrix, plagioclase phenocrysts have 87Sr/86Sr ratios that correlate negatively with matrix Sr and positively with matrix Rb abundances. These observations demonstrate increasing isotopic disequilibrium between the plagioclase and matrix in the more evolved varieties of the flow.Plagioclase phenocrysts and matrix are assumed to record fractionation-assimilation events in different parts of the magma chamber. Early formed plagioclase phenocrysts crystallized under AFC conditions close to the roof of the chamber and were subsequently entrained in a liquid mixture composed of evolved interstitial liquid held in the partly crystallized roof zone and newly injected parental magma.  相似文献   

20.
The diffusive relaxation of trace element profiles in plagioclase phenocrysts may provide important constraints on magma residence times in crustal magma chambers. Initial trace element profiles in plagioclase phenocrysts are governed by variations in the concentration of a trace element in the melt and by the plagioclase-melt partition coefficient. Trace element diffusion will subsequently act to modify this initial profile and – given enough time – produce a profile that is in equilibrium with the anorthite variations within the crystal. We argue that the trace element partition coefficient Da/b between two parts a and b of a plagioclase crystal of variable anorthite content is equal to the ratio of their crystal-liquid partition coefficients, and that the equilibrium profile of the crystal can be calculated. The time required to establish diffusive equilibrium is dependent on the wavelength and amplitude of the initial trace element concentration range and on the diffusivity of the trace element in plagioclase. Strontium plagioclase-melt partition coefficients and diffusivities are calculated for a range of magmatic temperatures and plagioclase compositions. A one-dimensional diffusion model is developed that describes the diffusive destruction of oscillatory trace element zoning with time and allows the calculation of upper limits for plagioclase crystal residence times in a magma reservoir. The model is tested using major and trace element concentrations measured along crystal traverses of plagioclase phenocrysts from the Kameni Island dacites, Santorini, and from the 1979 Soufriere andesite, St. Vincent. Three out of eight plagioclase phenocrysts have Sr concentration profiles that are not in diffusive equilibrium. For these, the diffusion model is employed to calculate maximum crystal residence times from incomplete diffusive equilibration of trace element zoning in plagioclase. Maximum crystal residence times range from 100 to 450 years. This is in good agreement with estimates from crystal size distribution and from Ra-Th disequilibrium studies for the Kameni Islands. For Soufriere, however, such short residence times are incompatible with U-Th mineral errorchron data that suggest residence times of >40 ka in a thermally buffered magma reservoir. To reconcile these apparently different ages, we invoke a more complicated magmatic history for Soufriere where an initially buffered magma reservoir is disturbed by magma mixing and suffers limited additional crystal fractionation prior to eruption. Received: 20 October 1998 / Accepted: 22 March 1999  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号