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1.
Stability analysis of the 2007 Chehalis lake landslide based on long-range terrestrial photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Marc-André Brideau Matthieu Sturzenegger Doug Stead Michel Jaboyedoff Martin Lawrence Nicholas J. Roberts Brent C. Ward Thomas H. Millard John J. Clague 《Landslides》2012,9(1):75-91
On December 4th 2007, a 3-Mm3 landslide occurred along the northwestern shore of Chehalis Lake. The initiation zone is located at the intersection of the
main valley slope and the northern sidewall of a prominent gully. The slope failure caused a displacement wave that ran up
to 38 m on the opposite shore of the lake. The landslide is temporally associated with a rain-on-snow meteorological event
which is thought to have triggered it. This paper describes the Chehalis Lake landslide and presents a comparison of discontinuity
orientation datasets obtained using three techniques: field measurements, terrestrial photogrammetric 3D models and an airborne
LiDAR digital elevation model to describe the orientation and characteristics of the five discontinuity sets present. The
discontinuity orientation data are used to perform kinematic, surface wedge limit equilibrium and three-dimensional distinct
element analyses. The kinematic and surface wedge analyses suggest that the location of the slope failure (intersection of
the valley slope and a gully wall) has facilitated the development of the unstable rock mass which initiated as a planar sliding
failure. Results from the three-dimensional distinct element analyses suggest that the presence, orientation and high persistence
of a discontinuity set dipping obliquely to the slope were critical to the development of the landslide and led to a failure
mechanism dominated by planar sliding. The three-dimensional distinct element modelling also suggests that the presence of
a steeply dipping discontinuity set striking perpendicular to the slope and associated with a fault exerted a significant
control on the volume and extent of the failed rock mass but not on the overall stability of the slope. 相似文献
2.
James N. Otoo Norbert H. Maerz Xialing Li Ye Duan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(3):543-554
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanners are increasingly being used to measure discontinuity orientations on rock cuts to eliminate the bias and hazards of manual measurements which are also time consuming and somewhat subjective. Typically LiDAR data sets (point clouds) are analyzed by sophisticated algorithms that break down when conditions are not ideal, for example when some of the discontinuities are obscured by vegetation, or when significant portions of the rock face are composed of fractured facets, weathering generated surfaces, or anything that should not be identified as a discontinuity for the purposes of slope stability analysis. This paper presents a simple LiDAR point cloud viewer that allows the user to view the point cloud, identify discontinuities, pick three points on the surface (plane) of each discontinuity, and generate discontinuity orientations using the three-point method. Additionally, a test of our 3-D LiDAR viewer for discontinuity orientations on rock cuts in the United States of America and Canada is presented. 相似文献
3.
Evaluating Kinematic Controls on Planar Translational Slope Failure Mechanisms Using Three-Dimensional Distinct Element Modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper investigates the importance of kinematic release mechanisms on planar translational slope failure using three-dimensional distinct element codes. The importance of the dip and dip direction of the rear, basal and lateral release surfaces and their influence on failure mechanism, dilation, and the development of step-path failures is illustrated. The three-dimensional block shape and volume of the unstable rock masses simulated with the different discontinuity set geometries are characterized. Two assumed three-dimensional slope models are investigated in order to assess the importance of varying kinematic confinement/release mechanisms. These two assumed boundary conditions are shown to be critical in the development of asymmetrical rock mass deformation patterns. Scale effects due to the block size and discontinuity persistence are shown to control the calculated displacement and failure mechanisms. The numerical modelling results are also demonstrated to be sensitive to the assumed normal and shear stiffness of the discontinuities. The influence of the factors investigated on the failure of a single rock block versus a rock mass are compared and discussed. 相似文献
4.
用数值方法对岩质高边坡进行稳定性分析时,描述岩体结构对的精细程度会影响分析结果,但常见的有限单元法程序仍难以对复杂节理岩体进行精细建模。为解决这一问题,将结构面网络模拟与离散单元法相结合,在UDEC软件中,利用FISH语言编写网络模拟程序,依据结构面统计资料和结构面分级,实现对复杂岩体结构的精细描述。以某大型水电工程边坡为例,在对岩体结构进行精细描述的基础上,采用离散元强度折减法对边坡进行稳定性分析。通过与极限平衡法和一般离散元结果的对比,表明基于复杂岩体结构精细描述确定的边坡潜在滑动面和安全系数是合理的,为复杂岩质边坡破坏模式和稳定性的分析提供了新的途径。 相似文献
5.
目前运动单元法的研究主要集中于土质边坡,未涉及到岩质边坡稳定性分析问题;而岩体中孕育有不同特性的结构面,控制着岩质边坡的力学行为。为求解结构面控制作用下岩质边坡“结构面滑移-岩桥剪断”复合型破坏问题,研究了塑性滑移区节点在岩桥内和结构面上的运动约束条件,推导了含结构面的运动单元计算公式,提出了改进运动单元法。通过经典算例的对比分析,验证了改进运动单元法计算结果的准确性。研究结果表明:岩桥位置、结构面贯通度和结构面倾角是控制岩质边坡力学行为的3个主要影响因素。岩桥越接近坡顶,改进运动单元法所得安全系数越大,而Jennings法无法反映岩桥位置的影响效应。高贯通度的结构面导致岩质边坡发生“结构面滑移-岩桥剪断”复合型破坏模式,安全系数较小;而低贯通度的结构面导致完整岩石发生破坏,安全系数较大。水平或陡倾角结构面导致滑裂面穿切结构面,安全系数较大;而对于其它倾角情况下的结构面,岩质边坡发生“结构面滑移-岩桥剪断”复合型破坏模式,安全系数较小。实例应用结果说明该方法可以有效评价岩质边坡的稳定状态,可在类似工程中应用推广。 相似文献
6.
Evangelin Ramani Sujatha Thirukumaran V. 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(4):489-495
Linear infrastructure networks like roads play a vital role in the socio-economic development of hill towns centered on tourism. Stability of the slopes along the hill roads are therefore a major concern and slope failures lead to disruption of traffic and loss of property/life or both. This study analyses the stability of cut-slopes along the Kodaikkanal – Palani hill road in the Western Ghats, India using rock mass classification systems like rock mass rating (RMR), slope mass rating (SMR) and continuous slope mass rating (CSMR). These geomechanical classifications provide a preliminary assessment of rock quality based on rock strength, discontinuity properties, hydrogeological condition of the slopes and slope stability based on the inherent rock strength parameters, discontinuity orientation and method of excavation. The results showed that both rock quality and discontinuity orientation contribute to type of failure in rock slopes with RMR > 40. SMR results are conservative while CSMR classification is matches more closely to the failures obtained from the field survey. CSMR classification represents continuous slope stability conditions and hence are more suitable for development of spatial database. Cutting of roads, thereby, steepening slopes has a definite influence on the stability of slopes. 相似文献
7.
The rock mass structure determines the possible unstable blocks that can induce rock fall phenomena. The stability analyses
must therefore be based on an accurate geo-structural survey. In this work, the stability conditions of several steep slopes
along a motorway in the Far East have been evaluated through key block analysis based on traditional surveys and on laser
scanner acquisitions. Discontinuity orientations and positions on the rock face are derived from the point cloud in order
to perform the reconstruction of the rock mass and to identify blocks in the slope. Results obtained from both the traditional
and the new method is in good agreement. Stability analyses have been performed for evaluating the kinematic feasibility of
different failure mechanisms. The rock block shapes and volumes are computed by performing 2D and 3D analyses whereas the
failure mechanisms are examined using the key block method. Parametrical analyses have been carried on to evaluate the influence
of slope angle variation. DEM models have also been set up. The relative hazard is determined by statistically evaluating
the kinematical feasibility of different failure mechanisms. Hazard mapping has been utilized to identify the best methodology
for risk mitigation. 相似文献
8.
Murat Yilmaz Altay Ertin Selman Er Atiye Tugrul 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(2):232-238
The key question regarding steep rock slopes along rock quarries is their stability because a rock slope failure can have critical results. In this study, the aim is to investigate the areas with potential risk for jointed karstic limestones in a rock quarry. First, to determine rock mass properties, scan-line surveys were performed, and the major orientations of discontinuities were analyzed using stereographic projection. Then, the physicomechanical properties of the slope-forming rock were determined in the laboratory, and geomechanical properties of the rock mass were determined using an empirical failure criterion. Finally, the quarry slope stability was assessed in accordance with numerical modelling. According to the results obtained, the numerical modelling of steep rock slopes can be efficiently evaluated by using finite element method. Beside this, the presence of joints intersecting the main discontinuity sets, the filling materials of discontinuities resulting from weathering of limestone and surface deposits, surcharge load due to mine waste dumped on the slopes and excavation blasting during construction of quarry area play a key role when modelling the steep rock slopes by using finite element method. 相似文献
9.
与一般高边坡相比,堆积边坡在物质组成、边界条件、力学特性上具有明显差异,其变形与破坏表现出明显的非连续介质特性,传统的边坡稳定分析方法难以反映其失稳方式与破坏过程,而离散元法在分析非连续介质的变形和破坏方面具有较好优越性。以某一大型复杂堆积边坡为依托,首先模拟边坡土体室内三轴试验过程,通过与试验结果对比确定边坡土体的细观力学参数,进而通过建立堆积边坡离散元模型研究其失稳机制,预测其失稳方式和变形过程。结果表明:未开挖前该边坡处于稳定状态,一期开挖完成后边坡上部存在2个潜在滑动体,且表现为沿下伏基岩面的深层滑动; 二期开挖完成后,下部存在一较明显滑动体,其失稳会进一步加剧上部两潜在滑动体的变形破坏; 整个堆积边坡的失稳表现为沿基岩的自下而上牵引式渐进破坏。 相似文献
10.
In the present study, a multiscale model was developed to investigate the failure process of a soft rock slope due to the change in rock microstructure (e.g. micro-fissure and pore development) over time. Through developing a coupled fissure and pore seepage particle discrete element model (DEM), the effects of the development of micro-fissures and pores on the stability of a soft rock slope were modelled by establishing the relationship between macroscopic mechanical properties of the soft rock and the microstructure characteristics of the rock. To validate the model, the three-dimensional geological model of a soft rock slope of a highway was developed to investigate the stability of the slope. While the DEM of pores and particles was developed based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the rock samples of the slope, a granular DEM of coupled fissure–pore seepage was introduced to model the development of seepage channels based on time-dependent change in pores and micro-fractures. It shows that the numerical predictions fit the field monitoring data reasonably well. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the developed multiscale model has the capability of predicting the different stages of seepage-induced failure of the soft rock slopes.
相似文献11.
基于国内外研究现状和岩质滑坡案例,总结出岩质滑坡的水力致灾机制,归纳考虑水力作用下的岩质斜坡主要失稳破坏模式,评述了岩质斜坡稳定性分析方法。岩质滑坡的水力致灾机制主要由于水对滑体产生的静水压力（岩体侧面的推力、滑面的扬压力和岩体的浮力）和动水压力（向坡外的渗透力）作用。从渗流—应力耦合的角度可较全面评价水渗流对坡体稳定性的影响。斜坡的岩体结构决定了水力作用方式和坡体的失稳破坏形式,考虑水力作用下的岩质斜坡失稳破坏形式主要有:顺层滑动、平推式滑动、楔形体滑移和危岩的崩塌。对于水力作用下岩质斜坡的稳定性分析方法主要有极限平衡法、有限元强度折减法、基于断裂力学的危岩稳定性分析法和渗流—应力耦合模型分析法,其中前两种方法应用较为广泛。 相似文献
12.
Influence of discontinuities and clay minerals in their filling materials on the instability of rock slopes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Davood Fereidooni 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2018,13(1):11-21
To assess the influence of discontinuities and clay minerals in their filling materials on the instability of rock slopes, seven rock slopes along the margin of Ganjnameh–Shahrestaneh Road, Hamedan Province, Western Iran were selected, and the physical and mechanical properties of their rocks and discontinuities were determined. By statistical studies of the discontinuities, rock slope stability analysis has been performed using kinematic and limit equilibrium methods so that safety factors for the rock slopes can be calculated. Also, sampling of filling materials and X-ray diffraction tests have been done to identify the clay minerals in the filling materials. The lithologies of the studied rock slopes are granite, diorite and hornfels. The presence of discontinuities and weakness planes with different orientations and clay minerals in filling materials of discontinuities are effective factors that cause plane, wedge and toppling failures in the rock slopes. Clay minerals as filling materials of discontinuities in the studied rock slope facilitate their instability by two different methods. First, absorption of water by infilling clay minerals causes the friction angle of discontinuity surfaces that leads to plane and wedge failures to be reduced. Second, water absorption causes the swelling of clay infilling minerals that leads to toppling failure. 相似文献
13.
丽香铁路金沙江特大桥位于金沙江虎跳峡镇高地震烈度深切峡谷地段。香格里拉端岸坡地形陡峻,卸荷裂隙发育,岸坡岩体在地震及工程荷载作用下的稳定性直接控制了桥梁选址方案的可行性。在深入分析对岸坡工程地质条件的基础上,基于节理特征分析的Barton模型、岩体结构面强度实验,讨论了岩体结构面强度参数,并在此基础上采用底摩擦实验研究了岸坡在自然和工程荷载作用下的稳定性,进而采用离散单元法计算分析了岸坡岩体在自然、桥基荷载作用下、地震加桥基荷载作用工况条件下的破坏趋势。研究表明,岸坡整体稳定,但在地震和桥梁荷载作用下,岸坡卸荷裂隙进一步发育,对桥基影响较大,应加强卸荷带岩体的工程整治以确保桥基安全。 相似文献
14.
Evaluating roadside rockmasses for rockfall hazards using LiDAR data: optimizing data collection and processing protocols 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Matthew J. Lato Mark S. Diederichs D. Jean Hutchinson Rob Harrap 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(3):831-864
Highways and railroads situated within rugged terrain are often subjected to the hazard of rockfalls. The task of assessing
roadside rockmasses for potential hazards typically involves an on-site visual investigation of the rockmass by an engineer
or geologist. At that time, numerous parameters associated with discontinuity orientations and spacing, block size (volume)
and shape distributions, slope geometry, and ditch profile are either measured or estimated. Measurements are typically tallied
according to a formal hazard rating system, and a hazard level is determined for the site. This methodology often involves
direct exposure of the evaluating engineer to the hazard and can also create a potentially non-unique record of the assessed
slope based on the skill, knowledge and background of the evaluating engineer. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)–based technologies
have the capability to produce spatially accurate, high-resolution digital models of physical objects, known as point clouds.
Mobile terrestrial LiDAR equipment can collect, at traffic speed, roadside data along highways and rail lines, scanning continual
distances of hundreds of kilometres per day. Through the use of mobile terrestrial LiDAR, in conjunction with airborne and
static systems for problem areas, rockfall hazard analysis workflows can be modified and optimized to produce minimally biased,
repeatable results. Traditional rockfall hazard analysis inputs include two distinct, but related sets of variables related
to geological or geometric control. Geologically controlled inputs to hazard rating systems include kinematic stability (joint
identification/orientation) and rock block shape and size distributions. Geometrically controlled inputs include outcrop shape
and size, road, ditch and outcrop profile, road curvature and vehicle line of sight. Inputs from both categories can be extracted
or calculated from LiDAR data, although there are some limitations and special sampling and processing considerations related
to structural character of the rockmass, as detailed in this paper. 相似文献
15.
M. Curtaz A. M. Ferrero R. Roncella A. Segalini G. Umili 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):605-620
Several high-altitude slope instability phenomena, involving rock blocks of different volumes, have been observed in recent years. The increase in these phenomena could be correlated to climatic variations and to a general increase in temperature that has induced both ice melting with consequent water seepage and glacial lowering, with a consequent loss of support of the rock face. The degradation of the high-altitude thermal layer, which is known as “permafrost”, can determine the formation of highly fractured rock slopes where instabilities can concentrate. The present research has developed a methodology to improve the understanding and assessment of rock slope stability conditions in high mountain environments where access is difficult. The observed instabilities are controlled by the presence of discontinuities that can determine block detachments. Consequently, a detailed survey of the rock faces is necessary, both in terms of topography and geological structure, and in order to locate the discontinuities on the slope to obtain a better geometric reconstruction and subsequent stability analysis of the blocky rock mass. Photogrammetric surveys performed at different times allow the geostructure of the rock mass to be determined and the rock block volumes and detachment mechanisms to be estimated, in order to assess the stability conditions and potential triggering mechanisms. Photogrammetric surveys facilitate both the characterisation of the rock mass and the monitoring of slope instabilities over time. The methodology has been applied in a case study pertaining to the North Face of Aiguilles Marbrées in the Mont Blanc massif, which suffers from frequent instability phenomena. A slope failure that occurred in 2007 has been back-analysed using both the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and 3D distinct element modelling (DEM). The method has been supported and validated with traditional in situ surveys and measurements of the discontinuity orientation and other rock mass features. 相似文献
16.
M. E. A. Mondal Tariq Siddique Mohammad Alam M. Masroor Alam 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(4):463-468
Rock mass characterization of Utari dam in Lalitpur district of Uttar Pradesh was done to identify different stability classes of rock mass. For better stability of Utari dam, foundation conditions were carefully studied by detailed field investigations of the site supplemented by laboratory tests. During feasibility and preliminary stages, rock mass characterization of slopes was conducted to identify the vulnerable zones of failure. Rock mass characterization was done by compilation of information obtained from intact rock as well as from rock mass to determine its grade and long term slope stability of the site. On the basis of Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) slope stability is identified which lies under good quality rock mass. Kinematic analysis was conducted to find out the probability for different types of structurally controlled slope failure. Microscopic analyses were conducted to identify the degree of chemical alteration of feldspar. Clay formation by sericitization along joint planes is harmful for the stability of dam structure. Remedial measures must be taken to reduce the extent of chemical alteration. Granitoids at dam site forms a compact and stable foundation consisting of four sets of joints in which two sets were prominent which are dipping on the upstream side of the dam which reveals good condition on the dam site as leakage from reservoir will be minimum and least up-thrust on the dam structure. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents a case study of aspects of the design of large slope cuttings in complex geological conditions in South Korea. During the original cutting of the slopes to geometries prescribed by Korean standards for rock slopes, several translational slides occurred on daylighting bedding planes. From observation it was evident that away from the areas of distress, some parts of the slopes appeared to be relatively stable, apparently because of the strengthening influence of relatively strong and massive igneous dykes and sills through the sedimentary rock. This paper describes how the geological conditions were assessed and stability analysed, section-by-section, along the road. This was achieved using a form of the method of slices to account for those sections of potential failure surfaces where sliding could occur along bedding and others where failure would necessitate shear through the intrusive igneous rock. Results were checked using UDEC models of critical sections. Following these analyses, recommendations were made for localized additional preventive measures including anchors and drainage. 相似文献
18.
The Hope Slide, which occurred on January 9, 1965, involved an estimated 47-Mm3 of meta-volcanics and intrusive rocks. Previous workers reported the presence of tectonic structures (faults and shear zones) along the failure surface at the Hope Slide. These tectonic features were investigated in detail to assess their effects on rock-mass quality and the related implications for slope stability. This paper integrates basic field and laboratory concepts from structural and engineering geology. Subdividing the failure area into structural domains allowed distinct discontinuity sets to be associated with specific tectonic structures. The Geological Strength Index (GSI) was used to estimate the rock-mass damage related to the tectonic structures. Low GSI values were seen to outline tectonic damage zones. Point-load tests were used to characterise the compressive strength of rocks adjacent to the tectonic structures. Strength anisotropy, tentatively attributed to damage caused by a large shear zone, was observed in greenstone samples. Seepage zones along the failure surface were observed preferentially along shallow discontinuities that dipped downslope and in rock masses of good quality (GSI > 40). An alternative morphology of the slope failure is proposed by distinguishing between the extent of the surficial damage due to the rock-slope failure and the zone of failed material (depletion zone). For the first time, a kinematic mechanism for the Hope Slide is proposed, based on a preliminary 3-dimensional block model. A pre-1965 DEM was produced from estimates of material lost and gained as reported by previous workers. The pre-1965 DEM revealed that the tectonic structures recognised during fieldwork bounded the material that failed in the 1965 event. 相似文献
19.
某大型地下洞室群围岩稳定性分类研究 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
根据地下洞室群的特点 ,选取岩体质量综合级别、块体状况、开挖位移及破坏区、岩爆烈度四因素为分类指标 ,建立了大型地下洞室群围岩稳定性分类体系。针对不同稳定性等级 ,提供了相应的开挖方式和支护处理建议。最后 ,运用该分类体系对某地下洞室群的主厂房进行了分析评价。 相似文献
20.
Analysis methods for block toppling are most commonly undertaken in two dimensions. This paper investigates the influence
of discontinuity orientations on three-dimensional block toppling mechanisms using a three-dimensional distinct element code.
The three-dimensional models allow one to kinematically appraise if toppling conditions derived for two-dimensional geometries
can be extended into three dimensions. Two conceptual model geometries were considered in order to represent a road cut or
open-pit bench. The first geometry examined a slope with fixed vertical lateral boundaries, while the second geometry assumed
an unrestrained lateral slope as a model boundary condition. This “along-strike slope profile” of the models was found to
play an important role in the failure mechanism and displacement direction. The dip direction and dip angle of the toppling,
basal and lateral release discontinuities were varied one at the time using angular ranges of up to 30° from an assumed mutual
orthogonal relationship. This made it possible for the influence and importance of each discontinuity set to be independently
evaluated. The results are presented in a stereographic format with preliminary zones outlining discontinuity aspect combinations
that potentially result in block toppling failures. 相似文献