共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Scaling relations for seismic events induced by mining 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. J. Gibowicz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,144(2):191-209
The values of seismic moment andS-wave corner frequency from 1575 seismic events induced in South African, Canadian, Polish, and German underground mines were collected to study their scaling relations. The values ofP-wave corner frequency from 649 events were also available. Seismic moments of these events range from 5*103 to 2*1015 N·m (moment magnitude is from –3.6 to 4.1), theS-wave corner frequency ranges from 0.7 to 4438 Hz, and theP-wave corner frequency is between 5 and 4010 Hz. The slope of a regression line between the logarithm ofS- andP-wave corner frequencies is equal to one, and the corner frequencies ofP waves are higher than those ofS waves on the average by about 25 percent. In studies of large and moderate earthquakes it has been found that stress drop is approximately independent of the seismic moment, which means that seismic moment is inversely proportional to the third power of corner frequency. Such a behavior was confirmed for most of the data considered here. A breakdown in the similarity betwen large and small events seems to occur for the events with moment magnitude below –2.5. The average values of seismic moment referred to the same range of corner frequency, however, are vastly different in various mining areas. 相似文献
2.
非因果滤波器在强震数据处理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文叙述了非因果滤波器的特点,以汶川主震记录为例,采用Butterworth非因果滤波器,研究了加零、余弦过渡以及截止频率对于强震动记录有关参数的影响,对比了四种非因果滤波器在不同阶数下的计算结果,探讨了滤波后的加速度保零和去零的问题。研究表明:借助于在记录的首尾加零得以实现的非因果滤波具有零相位特点,余弦过渡处理对于加零部分与原始记录间的过渡很必要;Butterworth非因果滤波器的计算结果比较稳定,PGV和PGD对于高通截止频率的选择比较敏感,当波纹系数为0.2dB时,宜使用Chebyshev I型非因果滤波器;当波纹系数为3dB时,宜使用Cheby-shev II型非因果滤波器;对于滤波后的加速度数据需要保零以适应数据间的协调。 相似文献
3.
2002年在浙江温州的珊溪水库发生了一系列水库诱发地震，其拐角频率明显小于同震级的构造地震。本从二相介质理论出发，讨论了水库岩体在扩容、流体渗入饱和和强度弱化过程中波速和波速比的变化以及对拐角频率的影响。根据实验结果，当孔隙度为0．15，岩体弹性模量减小23％时，拐角频率可以减小约29％。由此解释了水库诱发地震拐角频率偏小主要是由裂隙发育和库水渗透扩散使地壳浅部岩体强度弱化引起的。因此拐角频率可以作为区别两的一个依据。 相似文献
4.
The static corner frequency and dynamic corner frequency in stochastic synthesis of ground motion from finite-fault modeling are introduced, and conceptual disadvantages of the two are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the non-uniform radiation of seismic wave on the fault plane, as well as the trend of the larger rupture area, the lower corner frequency, can be described by the source spectral model developed by the authors. A new dynamic corner frequency can be developed directly from the model. The d... 相似文献
5.
A. A. Gusev 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(10):2581-2599
Since its formulation in 1967–1970, the classical ω ?2 model of earthquake source spectrum awaits a consistent theoretical foundation. To obtain one, stochastic elements are incorporated both into the final structure of the fault and into the mode of rupture propagation. The main components of the proposed “doubly stochastic” model are: (1) the Andrews’s concept, that local stress drop over a fault is a random self-similar field; (2) the concept of rupture with running slip pulse, after Heaton; (3) the hypothesis that a rupture front is a tortuous, multiply connected (“lacy”) fractal polyline that occupies a strip of finite width close to the slip-pulse width; and (4) the assumption that the propagation distance of fault-guided, mostly Rayleigh waves from a failing spot on a fault is determined by the slip-pulse width. Waveforms produced by this model are determined based on the fault asperity failure model after Das and Kostrov. Properties of the model are studied by numerical experiments. At high frequency, simulated source spectra behave as ω ?2, and acceleration spectra are flat. Their level, at a given seismic moment and rms stress drop, is inversely related to the relative width of the slip pulse. When this width is relatively low, a well-defined second corner frequency (lower cutoff of acceleration spectrum) is seen. The model shows clear dependence of propagation-related directivity on frequency. Between the first and the second corner frequency, amplitude spectra are strongly enhanced for the forward direction; whereas, above the second corner frequency, directivity is significantly reduced. Still, it is not inhibited totally, suggesting incomplete incoherence of the simulated radiator at high frequencies. 相似文献
6.
7.
利用2014年1月-2015年12月浙江省区域数字地震台网记录的1 360次珊溪水库ML0.5-4.4地震资料,采用Brune模式,将台站获取的速度记录进行几何扩散校正、介质衰减校正及仪器校正后得到速度谱,对速度谱在频率域进行傅里叶积分得到震源位移谱,之后使用遗传算法计算得到拐角频率和震源位移谱零频极限值,进而计算出该区的地震矩为1010-1014 N·m,震源破裂半径为33-550 m,拐角频率为2.4-39.7 Hz,地震应力降为0.04-6.74 MPa,视应力为0-2.75 MPa.在此基础上,对各参数特征及其关系进行系统性分析,结果表明:各震源参数之间表现出一定的对数线性或半对数线性关系;空间上,应力降和拐角频率在库区西北段较高,东南段较低;应力降与地震矩在空间上呈反向关系,拐角频率与破裂半径在空间上呈负相关. 相似文献
8.
地震波动力学特征变化指标在短期地震预报中的应用 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
本文研究了地震前地震波动力学特征的变化，主要是波形和频谱的变化，并从中提取出可望在短期（半年以内）地震预报中应用的一些预报指标。这些指标包括：Ｐ波初始部分波形的时间线性度和空间线性度，初始段平均半周期，Ｓ，Ｐ波频谱的峰值频率，拐角频率，相对带宽度，相对频谱峰值，高频段的谱线斜率绝对值等。同时还研究了短周期地脉动的波形线性度及频谱特征量（峰值频率等）在大震前出现的短期（半年以内）和临震（９天以内）的 相似文献
9.
本文利用紫坪铺水库台网记录到的波形资料,计算了2004～2008年170个ML≥1.0级地震的震源参数.紫坪铺水库震源参数计算结果与其他大陆地区有明显不同:(1)拐角频率远低于其他大陆地区结果,表明库区地震波传播经过了较强的衰减过程;(2)视应力计算结果比其他地区小3个数量级,可能是由于库区地震波的高频成分衰减强烈,低估了能量集中在高频的小地震的地震辐射能量.分析了蓄水前后拐角频率和地震矩以及视应力和地震矩关系(视应力标度率)变化,结果表明:相同地震矩的地震蓄水后拐角频率增加,地震高频成分相对丰富;蓄水前视应力与地震矩的关系不明显,蓄水后视应力随地震矩的增加而增加.视应力标度率的改变可能是蓄水后地震震源物理过程逐渐改变的直接反映. 相似文献
10.
使用皎口、海城、陡和、浑源等地震序列的地震波记录，研究了拐角频率随地震序列进程的变化特征。为了消除地震震级对拐角频率趋势性变化的影响，求得了每个地震的拐角频率与序列中同震级地震拐角频率的比值随地震序列发展而变化的曲线，较好地反映出该比值的发展进程；即在一个前一主一余地震序列中，同震级前震拐角频率高于余震拐角频率；而对震群地震序列则看不出这种变化。利用地震序列外围地区适当范围小震资料的拐角频率作为背景值，其比值曲线同样很好地反映出地震序列发展的规律。本方法可以作为对地震序列发展趋势进行较客观评估的新方法。 相似文献
11.
利用拐角频率方法,研究营、海、岫地区1999年以来发生的显著震群性质,结果表明,前震序列与其他震群拐角频率曲线变化形态不同,拐角频率的大小能较好反映震源区应力场的大小。 相似文献
12.
High-frequency filtering of strong-motion records 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
The influence of noise in strong-motion records is most problematic at low and high frequencies where the signal to noise
ratio is commonly low compared to that in the mid-spectrum. The impact of low-frequency noise (<1 Hz) on strong-motion intensity
parameters such as ground velocities, displacements and response spectral ordinates can be dramatic and consequentially it
has become standard practice to low-cut (high-pass) filter strong-motion data with corner frequencies often chosen based on
the shape of Fourier amplitude spectra and the signal-to-noise ratio. It has been shown that response spectral ordinates should
not be used beyond some fraction of the corner period (reciprocal of the corner frequency) of the low-cut filter. This article
examines the effect of high-frequency noise (>5 Hz) on computed pseudo-absolute response spectral accelerations (PSAs). In
contrast to the case of low-frequency noise our analysis shows that filtering to remove high-frequency noise is only necessary
in certain situations and that PSAs can often be used up to 100 Hz even if much lower high-cut corner frequencies are required
to remove the noise. This apparent contradiction can be explained by the fact that PSAs are often controlled by ground accelerations
associated with much lower frequencies than the natural frequency of the oscillator because path and site attenuation (often
modelled by Q and κ, respectively) have removed the highest frequencies. We demonstrate that if high-cut filters are to be used, then their corner
frequencies should be selected on an individual basis, as has been done in a few recent studies. 相似文献
13.
本文在利用多台研究1999年11月29日和2000年1月12日发生在辽宁岫岩Ms5.4级和5.1级地震前拐角频率比随时间变化的基础上,对岫岩、营口、苏家屯、丹东、宽甸、北镇、新民单台记录的纵横波拐角频率比fcp/fcs做了比较详细的波谱分析。结果表明:在震中距小于200 km以内的不同方向的台站,记录到的地震波拐角频率比值在5.4级前和后均出现不同程度的异常显示,能够捕捉到一些带有短临性质的信息,不过,距震中较远的台站,地震波拐角频率比值在震前异常不如近台明显,表明不同距离的台站,记录的地震拐角频率比值存在着差异。 相似文献
14.
S. de Lorenzo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,153(2-4):419-438
—Among Q-estimation methods a simple linear technique consists of the evaluation of the increasing rise time of body waves with the increase of their travel time. This method, known as the rise time method, was theoretically justified for an impulsive source time function (Dirac delta function). Wu and Lees (1996), throughout finite difference calculations, showed that, when considering finite source time functions, characterized by a cut-off frequency around 20 Hz, the rise time method can be satisfactorily applied to invert earthquake data.¶In order to establish the applicability of the rise time method to an arbitrary earthquake source we analytically solved the problem of the propagation, throughout an anelastic medium, of a signal generated by a finite dimensions seismic source the shear dislocation fault of Brune (1970). Analyzing theoretical rise time vs. travel-time curves, we were able to distinguish two different corner frequency ranges in which the trend is different. When corner frequency is below 10 Hz the discrepancies with the rise time method increase with a decrease of the corner frequency. When corner frequency is above 10 Hz no meaningful differences are observed.¶The application of the model to a synthetic data set, based on the sources-receivers configuration of the 15 November 1995 Border Town, Nevada, earthquake sequence, shows that a significant bias affects Q estimates obtained with the rise time method, for seismic events characterized by a Brune corner frequency less than 5 Hz. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, the Cesàro mean technique is applied to regularize the divergent problem which occurs in ground motion deconvolution analysis in geotechnical engineering. To deal with this ill-posed problem, we use the corner of the L-curve as the compromise point to determine the optimal order of Cesàro mean so that the high frequency content can be suppressed instead of engineering judgement using the concept of a cutoff frequency. The fractional order of Cesàro mean has been derived and used to fulfill this purpose. From the examples shown, it is found that the wave form including maximum acceleration can be accurately predicted and that both the high frequency content and divergent results can be avoided by using the proposed regularization technique. 相似文献
16.
Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an RC frame‐core tube structure for earthquake‐induced collapse 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The reinforced concrete frame‐core tube structure is a common form of high‐rise building; however, certain vertical components of these structures are prone to be damaged by earthquakes, debris flow, or other accidents, leaving no time for repair or retrofit. This study is motivated by a practical problem—that is, the seismic vulnerability and collapse resistant capability under future earthquakes when a vertical member has failed. A reduced scale model (1:15 scale) of a typical reinforced concrete frame‐core tube with a corner column removed from the first floor is designed, fabricated, and tested. The corner column is replaced by a jack, and the failure behavior is simulated by manually unloading the jack. The model is then excited by a variety of seismic ground motions on the shaking table. Experimental results concerning the seismic responses and actual process of collapse are presented herein. Finally, the earthquake‐induced collapse process is simulated numerically using the software program ANSYS/LS‐DYNA. Validation and calibration of the model are carried out by comparison with the experimental results. Furthermore, based on both experimental investigations and numerical simulations, the collapse mechanism is discussed, and some suggestions on collapse design are put forward. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Kazuhiro Somei Kimiyuki Asano Tomotaka Iwata Ken Miyakoshi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(10):2747-2766
We estimate corner frequencies and stress drops for 298 events ranging from M w 3.2–7.0 in 17 inland crustal earthquake sequences in Japan to investigate the source scaling and variation in stress drops. We obtain the source spectral ratio from observed records by the S-wave coda spectral ratio method. The advantage of using the S-wave coda is in obtaining much more stable source spectral ratios than using direct S-waves. We carefully examine the common shape of the decay of coda envelopes between event pair records. The corner frequency and stress drop are estimated by modeling the observed source spectral ratio with the omega-square source spectral model. We investigate the dependences of stress drops on some tectonic effects such as regionality, focal mechanism, and source depth. The principal findings are as follows: (1) a break in self-similar source scaling is found in our dataset. Events larger than M w 4.5 show larger stress drops than those of smaller events. (2) Stress drops of aftershocks are mostly smaller than those of mainshocks in each sequence. (3) There are no systematic differences between stress drops of events occurring inside and outside the Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone in Japan. (4) Clear dependence of the faulting type on stress drops cannot be seen. (5) Stress drops of aftershocks depend on their source depth. (6) The crack size obtained from the corner frequency corresponds to the total rupture area of heterogeneous slip models for large events. 相似文献
18.
The dynamic behaviour of a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) equipment mounted on a sliding primary structures subjected to harmonic and earthquake ground motions is studied numerically. To deal with the discontinuity nature of sliding structural systems, in this work the fictitious spring model is adopted. With the problem formulated in a state space form, an incremental numerical scheme capable of dealing with multi-DOF sliding structural systems is proposed for solving the time history responses. Numerical examples excited by harmonic and real earthquake ground motions are considered in order to study the following three effects: (1)the variation of the frictional coefficient of the sliding support, (2)subharmonic resonance and (3)effect of tuning (i.e. when the frequency of the equipment is coincident with or close to the fundamental frequency of the primary structure) on the mounted equipment. The dynamic characteristics of the mounted equipment are highlighted in the analysis of the numerical examples. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
利用新疆伽师震区附近的喀什、乌什、巴楚3个数字台记录到的伽师地震序列波形资料,开展地震波谱研究。首先分析了伽师6.8级地震序列各台的地震波拐角频率及其比值的时序变化特征,然后从中选出对这3个台都有较好记录的66个地震事件,进行拐角频率比时序变化特征的对比研究。结果表明,这3个台的拐角频率及其比值在伽师6.8级地震前后都出现了不同的变化趋势,尤以比值的变化更为明显,而且不同台站间的变化趋势存在较为明显的差异。最后讨论了这些差异可能存在的一些原因。 相似文献
20.
Two kinds of errors occur in numerically transforming the transfer function (TF) to the unitary impulse response function (UIRF), the truncating error due to ignoring high frequency band contribution, and the discrete error due to numerical integration. The truncating error becomes prevailing if the TF attenuating trend is slow as the frequency approaches infinity. A semi‐analytic approach is presented to alleviate this error. This approach dissects the whole frequency axis symmetrically into three bands, the central band, and two side bands extending to infinity. The contribution from the central band is calculated numerically, while the TF over the side bands is approximated as a simple function with an explicitly known inverse Laplace transform. This approach can overcome the Gibbs oscillation in computing the UIRF for a slowly attenuating TF, as is verified by the numerical examples studied here. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献