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海水叶绿素α浓度遥感测量的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文描述了1989年11月在青岛即墨岙山养殖基地所做的海水叶绿素α浓度遥感测量的基础实验。该实验获得了高浓度叶绿素α含量的海水反射光谱。该反射光谱的特征波段为：波谷在485nm；波峰在450nm和535nm；“节点”在572nm。根据该实验数据选取了叶绿素α浓度两种双波段估算模式。分析结果表明：两种模式的精度都在50%双上，且双波段反射率的差值法优于双波段反射率比值法。 相似文献
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准确可靠的海水营养盐数据是研究海洋生物地球化学过程的重要前提,为增加我国海洋化学实验室与全球其他实验室间的营养盐数据的可比性,本文介绍了厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室参与由国际海洋碳协作计划等海洋机构组织的海水营养盐参考物质的国际比对实验的具体测量过程和测量结果。在5次国际比对实验中（2006—2017年）,本实验室采用基于间隔连续流动分析技术测量海水营养盐参考物质中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、活性磷酸盐和活性硅酸盐,在共计117项比对参数中,本实验室的结果与其他实验室高度可比,获得的满意测量结果高达109项,占比大于90%,且其中88%的测量值与公认的标准值的偏差在1倍的能力评定标准偏差之内,与国际同类实验室相比,本实验室对海水营养盐的测量能力在历年中保持在国际先进行列。本文基于历年国际比对的经验,对如何提升我国对海水、特别是开阔大洋营养盐测量的准确度提出了参考建议,为提高我国对海水营养盐的测量能力达到国际先进水平提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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渤海湾、黄河口和长江口海域海水中颗粒氨基酸含量的分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海水中除含有大量无机物质外，还含有种类繁多，但含量很低的有机物质，其含量约为C 0.5-2.0mg/L。海水有机物质可分为溶解有机物质(DOM)和颗粒有机物质(POM)。前者为主要组分，后者所含比例很小。在大洋中POM的主要来源有:①浮游生物，尤其是浮游植物活体、死骸及其分解碎屑;②海水中进行的DOM-POM的动力平衡产物。近岸海水还受河流流入的陆地POM和大气带入的陆源尘埃的影响。POM主要由蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类等组成。POM是食碎屑动物的良好食物，它构成海洋食物链的一环，与水域生物生产力有直接的联系。POM中蛋白质含量以颗粒氨基酸(PAA)表示。Daumas(1976)曾报道过沿岸海水中PAA含量的季节变异，纪明侯等(1992年)于1980-1981年首次对青岛胶州湾内PAA含量在不同站位和不同季节中的变化特征进行调査研究。作者等继而于1982年7月、1983年10月和1984年5、7、8月乘“金星二号”考察船前后首次研究了渤海湾、黄河口和长江口附近水域中颗粒氨基酸的组成与含量在不同站位中的分布。所得结果如下。 相似文献
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水下光谱辐射测量技术 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
海水中的叶绿素、泥沙、黄色物质等及其含量直接影响海水的光谱特性。此外，海洋水色遥感算法的建立及验证也离不开现场相关光学参数的测量，准确的海水现场光谱辐射测量，是提高海洋水色定量化遥感精度的重要环节。文章通过开展水下光谱辐射测量方法的讨论、仪器总体方案的设计及相应的试验的结果分析，提出了有关水下光谱辐射测量仪器构成的一些想法。 相似文献
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论述了一台单波段断面现场油荧光计的研制及其在海洋环境中的实验结果，表明了与在实验室检测条件下的测试结果是一致的。在假定没有荧光污染（如溶解的有机物，无机物和浮游生物物质）的条件下，该荧光计对油的探测范围为5×10-9～100×10-6g／cm3。而荧光污染对于沿岸海水如波罗的海、北海和挪威海湾是有普遍性的。为了得到油产生的荧光信号，还描述和讨论了对油和污染物产生的荧光信号的总量所作的修正步骤。为了获得在海中，特别是在沿岸、海洋峰面和密度跃层附近油溢的准确、定量的空间分布，有人认为使用单波段油荧光计测定方法最好与其他光学辅助测量相结合。 相似文献
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黄色物质是海洋中的有色可溶性有机物,是重要的水质参数之一。目前实验室黄色物质样品测量技术虽已有标准参考,但测量过程的一些重要变量对测量结果的定量影响仍未明确。基于2016年东印度洋南部水体综合调查所得的实测样品,分析了参比纯水是否过滤和过滤压力等因素对测量结果准确性的具体影响,发现:(1)参比纯水未过滤会使测量结果明显高估,ag(350)和ag(440)的高估程度分别为0.137 m~(-1)和0.114 m~(-1);(2)过滤压力的不同对测量结果影响较为明显,过滤压力越大,测得的吸收系数越大,对于a_g(350),150 mm Hg相对100 mm Hg的平均偏差为0.195 m~(-1),200 mm Hg相对150 mm Hg的平均偏差为0.058 m~(-1);对于ag(440),150 mm Hg相对100mm Hg的平均偏差为0.168 m~(-1),200 mm Hg相对150 mm Hg的平均偏差为0.064 m~(-1)。本文的实验研究可促进实验者对规范中黄色物质样品处理过程以及相关参数设置原因和意义的理解。 相似文献
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Si在胶州湾沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率和通量研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文应用实验室培养法研究了 Si O3 - Si在胶州湾 1 6个站位沉积物 -海水界面上的交换速率。考虑培养时间、取样时间和间隔等因素 ,采用连续函数的方法计算了 Si O3 - Si交换速率。结果表明 ,Si O3 - Si在胶州湾沉积物 -海水界面上的交换表现为由沉积物向水体的释放 ,交换速率一般在因为 1～5mmol·m-2· d-1范围内 ,平均为 3.3mmol·m-2· d-1。高含量有机质沉积物 ,特别是生物扰动作用可以增大 Si O3 - Si交换速率。考虑胶州湾各种沉积物类型占胶州湾总面积的权重 ,Si O3 - Si在胶州湾沉积物 -海水界面上的交换通量为 1 .0 6× 1 0 9mmol·d-1 ,是河流输入量的 5.3倍 ,可提供浮游植物生长所需硅的 58%。 相似文献
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生物扰动实验系统(AFS)的基本结构和工作原理 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
依据“中－美”关于浅海生态系统动力学联合研究计划,并在国家自然科学基金项目和国家攀“Ｂ”项目的支持下,一种新型生物扰动实验系统（ＡｎｎｕｌａｒＦｌｕｘＳｙｓｔｅｍ,ＡＦＳ）于１９９８年１１月在青岛海洋大学海洋生态动力学实验室成功地运转并顺利地开展了预备实验和第一阶段实验。该系统既可在实验室内也可在现场条件下实验,是研究沉积物一海水界面物质通量的有效实验手段。本文是该实验系统系列研究结果之一,目的是对该实验系统的基本结构和工作原理作一一介绍,为沉积物一海水界面通量的研究提供有效的实验手段。１ 基本… 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献