共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
局地相似性关系在城市边界层中的适用性验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国科学院大气物理研究所325 m铁塔在2003年8月期间47和120 m高度上的湍流观测资料,对局地相似性关系在城市边界层的适用性进行了检验。结果表明：47 m高度仍属于城市冠层之上的近地面常通量层,莫宁－奥布霍夫相似性关系基本适用。但120 m高度则基本属于近地面层与自由对流层之间的过渡高度,在该处,相似性关系部分适用。同时,给出了不同的层结稳定度条件下47和120 m高度上的无量纲速度和温度标准差与稳定度之间的局地相关表达式。 相似文献
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本文从湍流产生和发展的本质出发,以湍流动能和湍流混合长为湍流输送的决定因子,用因次分析的方法得到了一套可包括局地自由对流在内的不稳定大气近地层Monin－Obukhov相似性函数。这套相似性函数不仅有较充分的理论依据,而且还有较明确的物理含意。它能在极端情况下自动蜕化出局地自由对流相似性预测形式。 相似文献
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该文在大气边界层多尺度湍流理论和湍流穿越理论的基础上，建立了大气边界层感热通量的非局地多尺度湍流计算方法，并选用1998年5～8月份第二次青藏高原大气科学试验（TIPEX）的大气边界层综合观测基地昌都站观测资料，分别用感热通量的非局地多尺度湍流计算方法和经典相似理论计算感热通量。对计算结果的对比分析表明，用感热通量的非局地多尺度湍流计算方法能计算出感热通量的逆梯度输送，也能计算出青藏高原近中性层结条件下明显的感热通量。此外，多尺度湍流理论还有待进一步发展完善，提高感热通量的计算精度。 相似文献
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基于风廓线仪的华南地区夏季边界层湍流统计特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用双权重算法,使用2015年6—8月我国东南部业务风廓线雷达资料,通过湍流脉动垂直速度方差和偏度的计算和分析,对晴空和低云主导情况下的边界层湍流特征以及中小尺度局地环流对于边界层湍流的影响进行研究。主要结论如下:(1)晴天情况下垂直速度标准差和垂直速度偏度都具有明显的日变化特征,湍流主要由下垫面加热驱动发展;(2)在低云主导情况下,湍流明显弱于晴天对流边界层的湍流强度,边界层内湍流的发展不仅受地面加热的影响,而且在边界层上部存在明显的自上而下发展的湍流,这主要是由于边界层顶云辐射冷却造成的;(3)除了上述两种情况,边界层湍流发展同时受到局地中小尺度环流或者天气系统的影响,因而呈现出更多的复杂性。 相似文献
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稳定大气边界层的湍流结构和相似律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从包括辐射影响在内的大气边界层模式出发,求解了稳定层结条件下湍流热通量和湍流应力的垂直廓线。另外,引入湍流的局地尺度L(z)、u_＊(z)和θ_＊(z),各湍流量的局地尺度可以表示成z/L(z)的函数,由此可将相似理论推广到全边界层应用,相似律的预告和观测资料很一致。 相似文献
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局地相似性在近地面层大气中的一个应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
利用Ｕ．Ｈｏｇｓｔｒｏｍ教授提供的瑞典Ｕｐｐｓａｌａ大学气象系于１９８６年夏季在Ｕｐｐｓａｌａ市郊农田中观察到的近地面层大气资料，对近地面层大气的局地相似性进行了论证，并给出了一套相似性函数的经验常数。结果表明，局地相似性比Ｍｏｎｉｎ－Ｏｂｕｋｈｏｖ相似性更适合于描述复杂下垫面近地面层大气。 相似文献
8.
本文建立了一个二维定常大气中尺度数值模式，并用该模式讨论了由下垫面粗糙分布非均匀（局地动力强迫）和温度分布非均匀（局地热力强迫）而产生的局地大气环流与大气边界层湍流的相互作用。结果指出：下垫面存在温度分布非均匀时运动方程中的湍流交换项与水平气压梯项一样可促使局地热力环境的形成，由粗糙度分布非均匀强迫产生的局地环流与由下垫面温度分布非均匀强迫产和的局地热力环流间的非线笥相互作用是通过湍流交换实现的。 相似文献
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为提高大气数值模式的模拟能力,改进大气边界层水汽、热量湍流输送计算和大雾天气的模拟效果,选用WRF三维非静力模式,采用具有局地和非局地垂直湍流尺度自适应计算能力的MYNN_SA参数化方案,对2017年12月28—29日我国华北—江淮地区的大范围浓雾过程进行了数值模拟研究,探讨从中尺度到灰区尺度分辨率范围,模式的尺度自适应大气边界层湍流参数化方案对稳定大气边界层发展、湍流输送和大雾天气模拟的影响。利用中国地面气象站观测资料和ERA5再分析数据,在接近灰区尺度的网格分辨率上,利用尺度自适应大气边界层湍流MYNN_SA参数化方案较之中尺度参数化MYNN方案,可明显改善次网格湍流输送计算,以及陆地浓雾的强度、空间分布和时间演变特征,可更精确地模拟云水混合比、逆温层和雾区的垂直结构。 相似文献
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海岸边界层的非静力模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了一个３级非静力边界层模式,并采用一种新的非局地反梯度闭合方案在杭州附近复杂地形区进行了数值模拟。通过与实测资料和静力条件下的模拟结果的比较,进一步分析了非局地闭合下非静力３级边界层模式的效能。结果表明,该模式比静力模式更能合理地模拟海岩边界层的风温场和湍流场,且模拟结果与实测更接近。 相似文献
11.
Ralph C. Foster 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(3):321-344
We present similarity solutions for the mean boundary-layer profiles under an axisymmetric vortex that is in gradient wind
balance; the similarity model includes the nonlinear momentum advection and curvature terms. These solutions are a generalization
of the Ekman layer mean flow, which is the canonical boundary-layer basic state under a uniform, geostrophically-balanced
flow. Near-surface properties such as inflow angle, surface wind factor, diffusive transport of kinetic energy into the surface
layer and dissipational heating are calculated and shown to be sensitive to the choice of turbulence parameterization. 相似文献
12.
A new approach to the parametrization of the cumulus-capped boundary layer is described. It combines a traditional higher-order turbulence closure, appropriate for boundary layers where the skewness of thermodynamic variable probability distributions is low (typically stratocumulus-capped), with non-local scaled similarity functions. These are introduced in order to represent explicitly that part of the distribution arising from skewed cumulus elements and the scalings are found to work very well against equilibrium shallow cumulus large-eddy simulations. Results from a wide range of single column model simulations, from stratocumulus to shallow cumulus to cumulus rising into stratocumulus, are presented that demonstrate the validity of the approach as a means of parametrizing the cloudy boundary layer. Sensitivity tests show that enhancement of the turbulence length scales and the buoyancy production of TKE are especially important. 相似文献
13.
Constant sets for several turbulence closure models,based on data for the atmospheric boundary layer, areproposed. They differ from those currently used inengineering situations but are self-consistent andtuned to represent atmospheric boundary-layerturbulence. The proposed constant sets are tested in a simple,one-dimensional, neutrally-stratified planetaryboundary-layer flow over a horizontally homogeneousand aerodynamically rough flat surface. Comparisons ofmodel results with similarity theory and large-eddysimulation show promise for improving boundary-layerpredictions. 相似文献
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A Simple And General Subgrid Model Suitable Both For Surface Layer And Free-Stream Turbulence 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
A new and general approach is presented to allow standard subgrid schemes to besuitable both for surface layer and free-stream turbulence. Simple modificationsto subgrid schemes are proposed and derived for any vertical stabilityconditions. They are simple to implement in models and are suitable for morecomplicated simulations such as large-eddy simulation with inhomogeneoussurface conditions or complex topography. They are also applicable to mesoscaleand large-scale models. These modifications are physically justified by recentmeasurements of spectra close to the ground. The spectral analysis presentedshows how the energy deficit of blocked turbulence for a given dissipation(`anomalous dissipation') dramatically affects the coefficients to be used insubgrid schemes. As shown for neutral and convective cases with wind shear,these changes allow us to substantially improve the prediction of profiles for themean quantities in the surface layer. Agreement with similarity laws in the unstablecase is found up to about 0.2zi, for simulated shear, stabilityprofiles and dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy. 相似文献
16.
Tetsuji Yamada 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1979,17(3):333-351
A diagnostic model for the determination of similarity profiles of turbulence and mean-wind gradient in the planetary boundary layer is developed. Vertical profiles of a turbulence length scale and the flux Richardson number are formulated through the extension of the relationships for the constant flux layer. These profiles together with a turbulence energy equation and a similarity profile empirically determined for heat or momentum flux are used to compute the turbulence energy. Relationships previously derived from a turbulence closure model are used to compute second moments of turbulence. 相似文献
17.
We present a scheme for parameterising scalar transfer in the urban boundary layer, which is divided into an inertial layer and a roughness layer. The latter is further divided into a shear layer and a canyon layer. In the inertial layer, scalar transfer is determined by turbulence related to canyon macroscopic features, while in the roughness layer, it is determined by shear-generated turbulence, canyon vortex and vortex-generated turbulence. We first describe a conceptual model for the canyon flow and the aerodynamic resistance network, and then estimate the resistances from the point of view of drag partition and vortex advection. The results are compared with the measurements from wind-tunnel experiments. It is found that for small canyon aspect ratio, σc, the transfer velocity increases with σc, reaching a maximum at around σc=0.5 and then decreases with σc. We also show that the scheme is not sensitive to adjustable parameters 相似文献
18.
Note on turbulence statistics in z-less stratification 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jinkyu Hong 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(1):113-117
In boundary layer meteorology, surface layer similarity theory plays a critical role in measuring and modeling biospheric fluxes. In stable boundary layer, surface layer similarity called z-less stratification has been one of main research topics for over than two decades and the issue has yet to be settled in micrometeorology. In this scientific discussion on z-less turbulence, different turbulence statistics were used inconsistently and it was argued that z-less turbulence was valid if only any turbulence statistics were constant with different atmospheric stabilities. Consequently, such inconsistently tested turbulence statistics and misconception on z-less turbulence hinder us from correctly understanding turbulence structure in the stable boundary layer. This note revisits z-less turbulence and emphasizes that different dimensionless turbulence statistics generally do not exhibit a common behavior in the limit of z-less stratification. 相似文献
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Remarks on the Definition and Estimation of Friction Velocity 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Rudolf O. Weber 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,93(2):197-209
One of the mainscaling parameters in similarity theory of the atmospheric boundary layer is friction velocity. Unfortunately, several definitions of friction velocity exist in the literature. Some authors use the component of the horizontal Reynolds stress vector in the direction of the mean wind vector to define friction velocity. Others define the friction velocity by means of the absolute value of the horizontal Reynolds stress vector. The two definitions coincide only if the direction of the mean wind vector is parallel to the horizontal Reynolds stress vector. In general, the second definition gives larger values for the friction velocity. Over complex terrain the situation is further complicated by the fact that the terrain following flow is not necessarily horizontal. Thus, several authors have proposed to use terrain following coordinate systems for the definition of friction velocity. By means of a large dataset of fast-response wind measurements with an ultrasonic anemometer the friction velocities resulting from the different definitions are compared. Furthermore, it is shown that friction velocity can be well estimated from horizontal wind speed, and even better from simple horizontal or vertical turbulence parameters. 相似文献