共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Lorenz方程中引进切变以后,对普朗特数为0.7的大气可以出现浑沌。 速度切变在一定情况下起阻尼作用,有切变时比无切变时湍流发生的临界莱雷数要高。 浑沌是一种非周期的现象,它在相空间中的轨迹是混乱的。 通向湍流的道路有很多种。切变较小时为普通湍流形态;切变较大时是间歇湍流形态;切变适中时为短暂层流状态。 有速度切变时的浑沌对大气湍流的研究有很大的实际意义。 相似文献
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Hu Yinqiao 《大气科学进展》2002,19(3):448-458
从一般的热力学原理或其它自然原理对唯象关系所强加的限制，能够演绎出大气系统的一系列热力学性质。利用非平衡态线性热力学导出了湍流K闭合理论中湍流交换系数同唯象系数的关系，从理论上证明大气系统热量湍流输送同水泡之间存在交叉耦合，还导出了湍流强度同速度和位温梯度的关系，从而证明速度和位温空间分布的非均匀性是湍流之源。并证明湍流强度定理，不可压缩气体和各向同性湍流大气中，湍流强度正比于速度与位温梯度的标积。进而证明大气涡旋定理，位温的切变将导致涡旋运动或各种环流运动，速度涡度等于速度同位温相对梯度的矢积。展现了线性热力学在大气系统的应用前景。 相似文献
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采用二维和三维完全弹性参数化冷云数值模式模拟研究了低层单向切变风场中积云的发展演变过程和地面降水特征。结果表明:在低层切变风场中，用热泡扰动方式激发对流的启动条件提高，而冷出流方式激发对流则更加容易。适当强度的低层切变使对流峰值强度减小，但积云生命史延长，地面累计总降水量增大，雨区拓宽，峰值雨强则减小。采用二维模式来模拟单向切变风场的对流活动虽然存在严重歪曲，但积云最大升速以及地面总降水随时间的演变特征与三维模拟结果一致。 相似文献
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从一般的热力学原理或其它自然原理对唯象关系所强加的限制,能够演绎出大气系统的一系列热力学性质。利用非平衡态线性热力学导出了湍流K闭合理论中湍流交换系数同唯象系数的关系,从理论上证明大气系统热量湍流输送同水汽之间存在交叉耦合,还导出了湍流强度同速度和位温梯度的关系,从而证明速度和位温空间分布的非均匀性是湍流之源。并证明湍流强度定理,不可压缩气体和各向同性湍流大气中,湍流强度正比于速度与位温梯度的标积。进而证明大气涡旋定理,位温的切变将导致涡旋运动或各种环流运动,速度涡度等于速度同位温相对梯度的矢积。展现了线性热力学在大气系统的应用前景。 相似文献
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有关大气湍流的几个问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
浑沌(chaos)概念的提出,有关大气湍流的若干问题有深入讨论的必要。根据我们近几年研究对如下问题提出自己见解,供深入讨论:确定的动力系统可以描述大气湍流,大气湍流可以用有限维动力系统来研究,速度切变?u/?z有两重性,稳定层结下可以出现湍流,Lorenz方程的意义及局限性,湍流发生 相似文献
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切变湍流的相干结构是湍流研究中的重大发现,它表明湍流在表面上看来不规则运动中具有可检测的有序运动,这种相干结构在切变湍流的脉动生成和发展中起着主宰作用.因此识别和提取相干结构对于认识和研究湍流是非常重要的.用数字滤波法将包含相干结构的大尺度信号提取出来以后,再用子波分析,根据子波能量极大值的判别方法,分别确定出大气湍流三个方向上的速度脉动信号相干结构的频率或时间尺度,然后由确定尺度上的连续子波反演公式,提取出大气湍流三个方向上的速度脉动信号相干结构所对应的波形. 相似文献
7.
研究了数值天气预报模式中次阿格湍流垂直扩散过程的参数化问题。以Ｂｏｕｇｅａｕｌｔ和Ｌａｃａｒｒｅｒｅ（１９８９）的参数化方案为基础，改进了处理湍流混合长的方法，使湍流混合长和热力混合长分别依赖于基本气流的静力稳定度和风场切变。新方案的基本思路是把ＶｏｎＫａｒｍａｎ（１９３０）提出的动力（风场切变）湍流扰动假设与ＢＬ－８９方案提出的热力（静力稳定度）湍流扰动假设结合在一起，强调了大气的热力结构、动力结构和湍流动能对湍流混合过程的共同影响。新方案和ＢＬ－８９方案的二维对比数值试验结果表明，在大气处于静力较稳定而风场切变明显条件下的湍流扰动表现能力方面，新方案比原方案有明显的改进。 相似文献
8.
利用北京中国科学院大气物理研究所325 m气象观测塔的气象梯度资料和湍流资料,分析了2014年11月29日至12月5日北京两次大风过程中气象要素和湍流输送特征的变化。第一次大风过程的强度和持续时间均高于第二次大风过程。强烈的风速垂直切变主要集中在距地面100 m高度范围内,最强风速垂直切变达到0.31 s~(-1)。大风过程中,阵风系数呈现随高度减小的趋势,越接近地面,阵风系数愈大。阵风强度的变化与阵风系数相似,100 m以下高度时,阵风强度随高度增大而减小。大风过程自上而下改变边界层结构,平均动能、湍流动能和摩擦速度最先从上层(280 m)发生变化且迅速增加。近地层由于风速垂直梯度的显著差异,近地层垂直方向的湍流强度最大。大风时各功率谱在低频区(0.01 s~(-1))达到峰值,大风过后各高度的能量都有所下降。 相似文献
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Note on turbulence statistics in z-less stratification 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jinkyu Hong 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(1):113-117
In boundary layer meteorology, surface layer similarity theory plays a critical role in measuring and modeling biospheric fluxes. In stable boundary layer, surface layer similarity called z-less stratification has been one of main research topics for over than two decades and the issue has yet to be settled in micrometeorology. In this scientific discussion on z-less turbulence, different turbulence statistics were used inconsistently and it was argued that z-less turbulence was valid if only any turbulence statistics were constant with different atmospheric stabilities. Consequently, such inconsistently tested turbulence statistics and misconception on z-less turbulence hinder us from correctly understanding turbulence structure in the stable boundary layer. This note revisits z-less turbulence and emphasizes that different dimensionless turbulence statistics generally do not exhibit a common behavior in the limit of z-less stratification. 相似文献
12.
Tetsuji Yamada 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1979,17(3):333-351
A diagnostic model for the determination of similarity profiles of turbulence and mean-wind gradient in the planetary boundary layer is developed. Vertical profiles of a turbulence length scale and the flux Richardson number are formulated through the extension of the relationships for the constant flux layer. These profiles together with a turbulence energy equation and a similarity profile empirically determined for heat or momentum flux are used to compute the turbulence energy. Relationships previously derived from a turbulence closure model are used to compute second moments of turbulence. 相似文献
13.
In view of the absence or insufficiency of tropical cyclone(TC) turbulence parameters in current design standards of wind turbines, in this paper, TC turbulence parameter models with roughness length involved are developed based on six landfall TCs observed from meteorological towers located on various underlying surfaces, so as to provide references for the wind turbine design under TC conditions. Firstly, the roughness length values are examined in order to reduce the effect on turbulence parameters of the various underlying surfaces. On this basis, the reference turbulence intensity is normalized by the roughness length. The related turbulence parameters are parameterized, including the turbulence standard deviation and the turbulence spectrum; and the turbulence parameters available under TC conditions for turbulence turbine design are presented finally. Comparisons of the wind parameter models presented in this paper with those used in current turbine design standards suggest that the former can represent TC characteristics more accurately. In order to withstand TCs, we suggest that the turbulence parameter models recommended in this paper be included in future wind turbine design standards under TC conditions. 相似文献
14.
南京市近地层湍流结构及输送特征研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
本文利用"城市生物气溶胶研究”中的超声风温仪观测资料,对南京市近地层大气的湍流强度、相关系数、速度谱及通量输送等进行研究,得到南京市近地层湍流结构及输送特征的一些结论. 相似文献
15.
纳木错(湖)地区湍流数据质量控制和湍流通量变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国科学院纳木错多圈层综合观测研究站2009年全年的大气湍流观测资料,应用Foot-print模型分析了青藏高原非均匀下垫面湍流观测数据的数据质量、质量评价及不同下垫面对湍流通量的贡献。结果表明:纳木错(湖)地区因不同土地利用类型的差别,导致地表通量分布不均匀,草地对地表通量的贡献最大;对不同大气层结状态,观测站周围200m范围内的地表通量贡献各不相同,上风向通量贡献源区较大,湍流发展较充分。在不稳定状态和中性状态下,纳木错地区地表通量数据质量较高,即白天观测的通量数据质量较高;在稳定状态下数据质量较低,即夜间的通量数据质量较差;纳木错地区的湍流通量受湖陆风和大气稳定性影响较大。 相似文献
16.
A means of numerical simulation of particle trajectories in inhomogeneous turbulence is described. The method employs a simple coordinate transformation which allows a trajectory in inhomogeneous turbulence to be converted to a corresponding trajectory in homogeneous turbulence. Concentration distributions predicted by the trajectory-simulation method agree precisely with analytical solutions in the special cases of homogeneous turbulence, turbulence with power-law wind and eddy diffusivity profiles, and the neutral atmospheric surface layer. 相似文献
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连云港沿海近地层湍流强度特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对连云港沿海15个各类气象观测站2000—2009年8级以上强风样本统计分析基础之上,利用6座沿海梯度测风塔2005—2007年测风资料,探讨了连云港沿海近地层风湍流强度的时空分布规律及特点,并重点对不同类型天气系统引起的强风湍流演变特征及其对风电场影响进行剖析。研究结果表明:①风湍流强度具有很强的季节性,冬季小、夏季大,随高度增加而减小;②海面动力粗糙度对海上强湍流变化的影响有别于无强风及下垫面是陆地时;③在热带气旋影响区域,同一时段内可能会出现风速和湍流强度瞬时骤变现象;④海上强湍流出现在30m以上高度,陆地出现在底层,这一现象在不同天气系统引起的强风湍流变化中都有发现;⑤风机轮毂高度处有2.1%～3.8%的湍流强度特征值超过目前风机最大抗湍流强度设计标准,建议华东中、北部沿海地区风机抗湍流强度参数调整为0.31～0.41。 相似文献
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Characteristics of the Boundary Layer Structure of Sea Fog on the Coast of Southern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using boundary layer data with regard to sea fog observed at the Science Experiment Base for Marine Meteorology at Bohe,Guangdong Province,the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer and the characteristics of the tops of the fog and the clouds were analyzed.In addition,the effects of advection,radiation,and turbulence during sea fog were also investigated.According to the stability definition of saturated,wet air,the gradient of the potential pseudo-equivalent temperature equal to zero was defined as the thermal turbulence interface.There is evidence to suggest that two layers of turbulence exist in sea fog.Thermal turbulence produced by long-wave radiation is prevalent above the thermal turbulence interface,whereas mechanical turbulence aroused by wind shear is predominant below the interface.The height of the thermal turbulence interface was observed between 180 m and 380 m.Three important factors are closely related to the development of the top of the sea fog:(1) the horizontal advection of the water vapor,(2) the long-wave radiation of the fog top,and(3) the movement of the vertical turbulence.Formation,development,and dissipation are the three possible phases of the evolution of the boundary-layer structure during the sea fog season.In addition,the thermal turbulence interface is the most significant turbulence interface during the formation and development periods;it is maintained after sea fog rises into the stratus layer. 相似文献
19.
Ming Fang Bruce A. Albrecht Virendra P. Ghate Pavlos Kollias 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2014,150(3):361-380
This study first illustrates the utility of using the Doppler spectrum width from millimetre wavelength radar to calculate the energy dissipation rate and then to use the energy dissipation rate to study turbulence structure in a continental stratocumulus cloud. It is shown that the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate calculated from the radar-measured Doppler spectrum width agrees well with that calculated from the Doppler velocity power spectrum. During the 16-h stratocumulus cloud event, the small-scale turbulence contributes 40 % of the total velocity variance at cloud base, 50 % at normalized cloud depth = 0.8 and 70 % at cloud top, which suggests that small-scale turbulence plays a critical role near the cloud top where the entrainment and cloud-top radiative cooling act. The 16-h mean vertical integral length scale decreases from about 160 m at cloud base to 60 m at cloud top, and this signifies that the larger scale turbulence dominates around cloud base whereas the small-scale turbulence dominates around cloud top. The energy dissipation rate, total variance and squared spectrum width exhibit diurnal variations, but unlike marine stratocumulus they are high during the day and lowest around sunset at all levels; energy dissipation rates increase at night with the intensification of the cloud-top cooling. In the normalized coordinate system, the averaged coherent structure of updrafts is characterized by low energy dissipation rates in the updraft core and higher energy dissipation rates surround the updraft core at the top and along the edges. In contrast, the energy dissipation rate is higher inside the downdraft core indicating that the downdraft core is more turbulent. The turbulence around the updraft is weaker at night and stronger during the day; the opposite is true around the downdraft. This behaviour indicates that the turbulence in the downdraft has a diurnal cycle similar to that observed in marine stratocumulus whereas the turbulence diurnal cycle in the updraft is reversed. For both updraft and downdraft, the maximum energy dissipation rate occurs at a cloud depth = 0.8 where the maximum reflectivity and air acceleration or deceleration are observed. Resolved turbulence dominates near cloud base whereas unresolved turbulence dominates near cloud top. Similar to the unresolved turbulence, the resolved turbulence described by the radial velocity variance is higher in the downdraft than in the updraft. The impact of the surface heating on the resolved turbulence in the updraft decreases with height and diminishes around the cloud top. In both updrafts and downdrafts, the resolved turbulence increases with height and reaches a maximum at cloud depth = 0.4 and then decreases to the cloud top; the resolved turbulence near cloud top, just as the unresolved turbulence, is mostly due to the cloud-top radiative cooling. 相似文献