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1.
汶川地震发生后,人们对地震这种自然现象更加关注,也产生了一定的恐惧心理.因此,近期国内发生的几次地震谣言事件的传播范围更加广泛、危害程度也日益严重.从公众心理的角度,对地震谣言的产生原因和传播过程进行了分析研究,并提出了以社区为基础进行形式多样的地震知识宣传、加强地震谣言的处理机制和应急预案建设的建议. 相似文献
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R.M.W. Musson 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2004,2(1):101-112
Three sites in the UK are taken, representative of low, medium and high hazard levels (by UK standards). For each site, the
hazard value at 10−4 annual probability is computed using a generic seismic source model, and a variety of ground motion parameters: peak ground
acceleration (PGA), spectral acceleration at 10 Hz and 1 Hz, and intensity. Disaggregation is used to determine the nature
of the earthquakes most likely to generate these hazard values. It is found (as might be expected) that the populations are
quite different according to which ground motion parameter is used. When PGA is used, the result is a rather flat magnitude
distribution with a tendency to low magnitude events (\le 4.5 ML) which are probably not really hazardous. Hazard-consistent scenario earthquakes computed using intensity are found
to be in the range 5.8–5.9 ML, which is more in accord with the type of earthquake that one expects to be a worst-case event
in the UK.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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汶川地震灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其减灾宣教意义——以四川省德阳市为例 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
以5.12汶川大地震重灾区之一的四川省德阳市为例,借助问卷调查和现场访谈,初步分析了灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的一些整体特点,主要结论是:1)灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的综合水平尚不理想。2)从青少年到老年,民众认知与响应地震灾害的几种能力均先逐渐增强后又逐渐减弱,各方面能力最好的是19～25岁的青年人,少年和老年人最差;在地震灾害认知程度方面,部分中壮年人群明显没有预期的好。3)民众的受教育程度与其认知和响应地震灾害的水平之间显著正相关。4)女性认知与响应地震灾害的水平与能力明显不如男性。5)民众的地震灾害知识水平和防震减灾技能掌握程度显著影响着其震时及震后的响应行为和态度,且以后者的影响更为突出。6)广播、电视、报纸特别是汶川大地震发生后的各类官方传媒,以及当地政府的针对性宣传是灾区民众获取防震减灾知识的两个主要途径,而学校正规教育则未能如期取得可以显见的优势。灾区民众在汶川大地震发生2个月后所拥有的防震减灾知识中,有相当大的数量是该次地震发生后才刚刚获得的。在此基础上,提出了一些加强该地区防震减灾知识宣传与教育的策略或建议 相似文献
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Franck A. Audemard 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(3):311-326
In light of the July 9, 1997, Cariaco earthquake, it is clearly understood now that damage in the city of Cumaná – located
in northeastern Venezuela and frequently destroyed by the largest earthquakes since the first recorded event in 1530 – is
strongly enhanced by poor soil conditions that, in turn, are responsible for site amplification and widespread earthquake-induced
effects. Therefore, most previous macroseismic studies of historical earthquakes must be revaluated because those localized
high-intensity values at Cumaná surely led to the misestimation of past epicenters. Preliminary paleoseismic results, gathered
at three exploratory trenches dug across the surface break of the Cariaco 1997 earthquake in 1998, allow us to associate the
1684 earthquake with this recently ruptured fault segment that extends between the towns of San Antonio del Golfo and Río
Casanay (roughly between the two gulfs of Cariaco and Paria, state of Sucre). Other major results from the reassessment of
the seismic history of this fault are: (a) the 1766 event seems to have generated in a different source to the El Pilar fault
because the size of the felt area suggests that it is an intermediate-depth earthquake; (b) damage to Cumaná produced by the
1797 event suggests that this was a local earthquake, perhaps equivalent to the 1929 earthquake, which ruptured for some 30 km
just east of Cumaná into the Gulf of Cariaco; and (c) seismogenic association of the 1530 and 1853 earthquakes still remains
unclear but it is very likely that these ruptures occurred offshore, as suggested by the rather large tsunami waves that both
events have generated, placing their hypocenters west of Cumaná in the Cariaco Trough. This reassessment also sheds light
into the El Pilar fault segmentation and the behavior of its seismogenic barriers through time. 相似文献
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从巨灾保险视角,运用层次分析法测度居民震灾保险素养水平,构建有序Probit模型分析居民震灾保险素养、公共服务感知对公共服务满意度的影响。研究结果表明:我国居民震灾保险素养水平较低,且差异较大。震灾保险素养与公共服务感知对公共服务满意度均有显著的正向影响,居民的家庭收入水平对公共服务的满意度表现出负向影响,但其程度不及震灾保险素养与公共服务感知。防震减灾部门应进一步拓宽公共服务渠道,增加服务种类及方式,注重提升服务质量,提高居民的震灾保险素养水平和公共服务感知能力。保险公司需要与防震减灾部门展开深度合作,开发适合不同收入层次人群的地震保险产品,加大地震保险知识普及力度,藉以提高居民的防震减灾公共服务满意度。 相似文献
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地震宏观异常是指地震前后人的感觉能直接察觉到的自然界异常现象,本研究在芦山地震后,针对公众通过微博发布的异常信息进行搜集,提出从真实性、完整性、信誉度和关联度四方面对公众提供的微博宏观异常信息进行筛选的方法,并根据筛选后的信息从时间角度、空间分布等方面进行芦山地震前后宏观异常信息的分析研究.结果表明,芦山地震前后是有宏观异常出现的,公众关注的异常种类主要为动物异常与天气异常;震前发生宏观异常占宏观异常总数的67％,但仅有30％被发布;微博发布的宏观异常信息中,大多位于距离震中较远的成都市,而非震中地区.微博信息可以作为宏观异常信息的一个主要的及时信息来源,有助于发挥群测群防在防震减灾工作中的作用. 相似文献
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本文设计的地震信息服务系统,通过对地震信息、多监测台网分布、城镇空间分布和人口热力数据进行充分整合,基于可视化技术Echarts实现了国家、省、市三级地震信息活动大屏可视化、地震震情信息和历史地震统计等功能,并通过Kafka分布式数据处理技术,优化整合现有地震信息数据资源,提升信息服务实效性和可靠性;系统部署在公有云计算平台,用户无需部署系统就可获取相关数据,提供了更便捷的地震信息服务,为政府和应急管理部门提供高效、标准的地震信息服务,提升面向地震灾害的公共服务能力。 相似文献
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ANALYSIS ON DISASTER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MS5.4 CANGWU,GUANGXI EARTHQUAKE,JULY, 31th, 2016 
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下载免费PDF全文 On July 31th, 2016, a moderately strong earthquake of MS5.4 hit the Cangwu County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The focal depth of this earthquake is about 10 kilometers. This earthquake occurred in the junction area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hunan Province and Guangdong Province. Nanning, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities felt this earthquake.
The Cangwu County disaster area is unique in terms of geographical position, tectonic geology, landform, economic development situation, population distribution and climate condition, etc. Based on the investigation to the earthquake hit area, and the analysis of its special natural environment, social economical conditions and humanities, seven general disaster characteristics of the Cangwu MS5.4 earthquake are summarized from the point of view of earthquake disaster emergency rescue and reconstruction. namely, the low population density in the disaster area, the single building structure type and the low-level economic development, the short duration of ground motion, the small number and low magnitude of aftershocks, no large landslide, debris flow and other secondary geological disasters caused by this earthquake, the area is prone to typhoon and other climate disasters which are likely to aggravate earthquake disaster, and the earthquake occurred in an area of weak seismicity in South China.
This paper introduces the basic situation of the MS5.4 Cangwu earthquake and analyzes the seven disaster characteristics of this earthquake. In order to better respond to moderate-strong earthquake in weak seismicity regions of South China, this paper summarizes some experience and revelations about the earthquake in the MS5.4 Cangwu earthquake emergency response process, and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures of earthquake disaster reduction in weak seismicity regions in southern China.
In the future work, we should pay more attention to pre-disaster prevention, and strengthen earthquake-monitoring capability. In order to reduce the casualties caused by collapse of houses, we should improve the seismic fortification standards of houses, carry out relevant researches on earthquake damage prevention measures of karst areas. And in order to carry out comprehensive disaster reduction, we should strengthen cooperation with the meteorological department, and carry out more comprehensive earthquake emergency drills. 相似文献
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Church repair swarms and earthquakes in Rhodes Island, Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way. 相似文献
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社区级地震应急避险场所分布的时空差异性评价——以北京丰台区长辛店地区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
社区作为城镇基本单元,也应是防震减灾的基本单元,而针对社区级人口时空差异性分布模型的紧急地震应急避险场所的评价研究,目前却鲜有开展。为此,本文运用地理信息科学中的空间分析技术,采用具有时空差异性的社区人口分布模型,提出了一套评估社区级地震应急避险场所分布合理性的方法,并以此对北京丰台区长辛店地区进行了合理性评估。结果显示在夜晚时间段,研究区内地震应急避险场所完全可以满足区内最大人口避险需求,但在白天工作时间段,部分小区存在地震应急避险场所的需求缺口。因此,建议依据社区实际人口分布规律增强对现有地震应急避险场所的管理,增加其有效面积,并重视新小区的地震应急避险场所规划。 相似文献
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1952年山西省浑源县发生过一次强有感地震，但至今未查到有关该次地震的任何记载。为弄清这次无记载地震的情况，走访了震感强烈的浑源县马鞍山村。根据调查结果，推测该次地震的发震时间为1952年11月5日22时，震级约4．5级，震中为山西省浑源县吴城乡马鞍山-下辛安一带。 相似文献
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借助问卷调查的方法,对北京市民众的地震灾害认知水平进行了初步调查分析。结果表明,目前北京民众对于地震灾害知识的掌握水平非常有限,部分民众辨识地震谣言的能力不足; 在防震减灾技能方面,民众的掌握程度相对较好,基本上都能够正确认识和掌握紧急避震的注意事项及震后的救人技巧等; 北京民众整体的防震减灾意识较强,都希望多了解掌握一些防震减灾知识和技能,且绝大部分民众都能认识到邻里、社区或单位的自救互救在应急救灾方面的重要性。北京民众对地震灾害知识的认知水平具有群体差异性,男性整体认知水平要稍好于女性; 受教育程度、年龄均对民众的认知水平有着显著的正影响。除继续加强传统传媒渠道对防震减灾知识和技能的宣传外,加强学校正规教育中的灾害教育渗透和通过互联网及手机等现代通信方式进行宣传教育也应得到进一步的重视。 相似文献
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On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake ruptured the Longmenshan fault system in Sichuan Province, China, collapsing buildings
and killing tens of thousands people. As predicted, aftershocks may last for at least one year, and moreover, large aftershocks
are likely to occur. Therefore, it is critical to outline the areas with potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settling
people as to avoid future disasters. It is demonstrated that the redistribution of stress induced by an earthquake should
trigger successive seismic activity. Based on static stress triggering theory, we calculated the coseismic stress changes
on major faults induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, with elastic dislocation theory and the multilayered crustal model. We
also discuss the stress distribution and its significance for future seismic activity under the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake.
It is shown that coulomb failure stress (CFS) increases obviously on the Daofu-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe Fault, the
Maqu and Nanping segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault, the Qingchuan Fault, southern segment of the Minjiang Fault, Pengxian-Guanxian
Fault, Jiangyou-Guangyuan Fault, and Jiangyou-Guanxian Fault. The increased stress raises the probability of earthquake occurrence
on these faults. Since these areas are highly populated, earthquake monitoring and early disaster alarm system are needed.
CFS increases with a magnitude of 0.03–0.06 MPa on the Qingchuan Fault, which is close to the northern end of the rapture
of Wenchuan earthquake. The occurrence of some strong aftershocks, including three events with magnitude higher than 5.0,
indicates that the seismic activities have been triggered by the main shock. Aftershocks seem to migrate northwards. Since
the CFS change on the Lueyang-Mianxian Fault located on the NEE of the Qingchuan Fault is rather small (±0.01 MPa), the migration
of aftershocks might be terminated in the area near Hanzhong City. The CFS change on the western Qinling Fault is around 10
Pa, and the impact of static triggering can be neglected. The increment of CFS on the Pengxian-Guanxian Fault and Beichuan-Yingxiu
Fault southwest to the main rupture is 0.005–0.015 MPa, which would facilitate earthquake triggering in these areas. Very
few aftershocks in these areas indicate that the accumulated stress has not been released sufficiently. High seismic risk
is predicated in these areas due to co-seismic CFS loading. The Wenchuan earthquake released the accumulated CFS on the Fubianhe
Fault, the Huya Fault, the Ha’nan-Qingshanwan Fault, and the Diebu-Bailongjiang Fault. The decrement of CFS changes on the
Longquanshan Fault east to Chengdu City is about 0.002 MPa. The seismic activity will be depressed by decrement of CFS on
these faults.
Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX-SW-153), National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40574011 and 40474028) 相似文献
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E. I. Ivanova S. V. Mityushkina V. I. Levina 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2010,4(2):139-148
This paper presents the results from a macroseismic survey of the impact and consequences of the M
W
= 7.6 April 20(21), 2006 Olyutorskii earthquake in the area of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug and the adjacent areas in Kamchatka
and Magadan regions. The earthquake was felt over an area of about 400000 sq. km with intensities of II to IX–X on the MSK-64
scale. Information was gathered from 37 population centers situated in this area and was used to present a summary of felt
effects, to construct an isoseismals map, and to determine the macroseismic magnitude. 相似文献
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采用双差定位法对山东莱州地震序列重新定位,通过CAP方法反演M4.6地震震源机制,在此基础上初步探讨莱州地震序列发震构造。结果显示:精确定位震中位置主要位于柞村—仙夼断裂的NW方向,深度剖面显示从SE方向到NW方向断层深度呈由浅逐渐变深的趋势,这均与柞村—仙夼断裂位置、走向、倾向特征较为吻合;M4.6地震震源机制解的节面Ⅰ与柞村—仙夼断裂走向、倾角较为接近。综合精确定位震中位置、剖面深度分布特征、M4.6地震震源机制解及宏观调查烈度分布等结果与柞村-仙夼断裂产状之间的关系,初步推测柞村—仙夼断裂可能为莱州地震序列的发震断层。 相似文献