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1.
Brittany R. Kruger Brent J. Dalzell Elizabeth C. Minor 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2011,73(3):405-417
In this study, samples were taken from three contrasting freshwater sources and amended with salt in order to determine the
influence of salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition on DOM recovery via ultrafiltration and solid phase extraction
(SPE) with C18 disks. Salt addition caused variable recovery of DOM when using C18 SPE, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic characterization of the extracted material showed spectral responses that varied
among sample sources. In contrast, increasing sample salinity from 0 to 30 ppt consistently caused a 15–25% reduction in the
amount of high molecular weight DOM isolated by ultrafiltration for both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric DOM
(CDOM), regardless of DOM composition. We hypothesize that a change in conformation (such as coiling or disaggregation) of
DOM molecules occurs in the presence of salt, allowing them to pass through the ultrafiltration membrane and thereby decreasing
the DOM retained by ultrafiltration. These results are important because they demonstrate that changes in salinity can influence
DOM recovery in estuaries. Interpretation of DOM characteristics along estuarine gradients needs to account for potential
artifacts introduced by sample isolation techniques. 相似文献
2.
The spatial and diurnal tidal variability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and the composition of dissolved
organic matter (DOM), as evaluated by high-temperature catalytic oxidation and excitation–emission matrix combined with parallel
factor analysis (EEM–PARAFAC), respectively, were determined in Liverpool Bay. EEM–PARAFAC modeling resulted in six fluorescent
components characterized as terrestrial humic-like (two), microbial humic-like (two), and protein-like (two). The spatial
distributions of DOC and the four humic-like components were negatively correlated with salinity in the high-salinity waters
observed in this study (30.41–33.75), suggesting that terrestrial DOM was conservatively distributed. The spatial patterns
of protein-like components were largely different from those of DOC, humic-like components, and chlorophyll a, suggesting that these distributions were the combined result of production and degradation in the bay in addition to river
inputs. These findings suggest that the DOM dynamics in Liverpool Bay are strongly controlled by river-dominated allochthonous
DOM inputs with some less significant contributions of autochthonous DOM within the bay. In addition, the temporal variations
of DOM associated with the diurnal tidal cycles were determined at one inshore (31.34–32.24 salinity) and one offshore (33.64–33.75
salinity) station in the bay. Negative linear relationships between salinity and DOM characteristics, i.e., DOC, humic-like,
and protein-like components, were observed at the inshore station. In contrast, no relationship was observed at the offshore
station, suggesting that the export of DOM through rivers and possibly tidal flats have a noticeable influence on DOM concentration
and composition up to a relatively elevated salinity of around 33 in Liverpool Bay. 相似文献
3.
Xisca Timoner Teresa Buchaca Vicenç Acuña Sergi Sabater 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(4):565-578
Among the environmental factors affecting benthic algae and cyanobacteria in streams, the one often producing the largest effects is flow intermittency. This study aimed to characterize the responses of algal assemblages to flow intermittency in a Mediterranean intermittent stream during the drying, non-flow (112 days), and rewetting phases. Algae growing in the epilithic, epipsammic and hyporheic streambed compartments were analyzed for pigment composition, and for the existence of structural changes in cells. Chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased between 60 to 90 % during the non-flow phase, indicating low resistance of algal assemblages to desiccation. In contrast, fast recoveries of Chlorophyll-a when flow resumed indicated high resilience. Pigment composition revealed that the epilithic algal assemblage was considerably different than the epipsammic and hyporheic ones. These differences were mainly attributed to the physical conditions prevailing on each streambed compartment that allowed the growth of different algal assemblages. During the non-flow phase, the synthesis of protective carotenoids (i.e. echinenone and scytonemin) and the occurrence of cell resistance structures (i.e. enlarged membrane thickness and resistant spores) enhanced resistance of the epilithic biofilm. The resistance observed in the epilithic biofilm might also be related to the tightly adhered growth-form of algae on this substratum. Main results suggest that algal assemblages in the epilithic compartment, which were the most exposed to desiccation, were structurally and functionally better adapted to flow interruption than those colonizing other streambed compartments, and that this compartment plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functions under varying flow periods. 相似文献
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Ecological flows between habitats are vital for predicting and understanding structure and function of recipient systems.
Ecological flows across riparian areas and headwater intermittent streams are likely to be especially important in many river
networks because of the shear extent of these interfaces, their high edge-to-width ratio, and the alternation of wet and dry
conditions in intermittent channels. While there has been substantial research supporting the importance of riparian-stream
linkages above-ground, comparatively less research has investigated below-ground linkages. We tested the hypothesis that riparian
roots are colonized by invertebrates as a food source within stream beds of intermittent headwater streams. We compared benthic
invertebrate assemblages colonizing three types of buried substrates (leaves, roots, and plastic roots) among three intermittent
Coastal Plain streams, each with a different riparian management treatment (clearcut, thinned, and reference), over a 1-year
period. Invertebrate density was significantly lower in root litterbags than in plastic roots litterbags, but neither differed
from densities in leaf litterbags. Total invertebrate abundances, however, were significantly higher in leaf and root litterbags
compared to abundances in plastic root litterbags. Invertebrate biomass and richness did not vary among substrates, but invertebrate
density, abundance, and richness all declined from the wet phase (September–December) through the dry phase (June–August).
Meiofauna and aquatic dipterans were the primary colonizing invertebrates during the wet phase. Relative abundance of terrestrial
taxa increased during the dry phase, but their absolute abundance remained lower than aquatic taxa during the wet phase. Invertebrate
composition did not differ among substrate types, but was significantly different among streams and time periods. Cumulative
number of dry days, degree days, and redox depth all strongly correlated with assemblage structure as indicated by ordination
scores. Our results suggest that subsurface invertebrates respond to leaves and roots as food sources, but assemblage composition
is not substrate specific. Colonization of leaves and roots within stream beds by aquatic and terrestrial taxa supports the
idea that headwater intermittent streams are important interfaces for the reciprocal exchange of energy and materials between
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
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In small streams, the majority of carbon turnover is due to microbial activity in biofilms. Flow velocity is a key factor
influencing biofilm function, and nascent biofilms with high energy need for growth might be especially sensitive to hydrodynamics.
The major part of carbon supply is allochthonous but algae can provide easily available exudates for biofilm bacteria. In
this study, epilithic biofilms were grown for 2 weeks in a third order stream in Thuringia, Germany, and then incubated in
replicate flow channels in climate-controlled chambers. Glucose and arbinose were added immediately to all channels, and the
effects of flow velocity and light availability on rates of sugar removal were examined. Phosphate addition did not influence
sugar decrease rates. Flow velocities of either 0.3 m s−1 or 0.7 m s−1 resulted in 1.3 to 3.1 times higher decrease rates under the higher flow velocity. Light exclusion resulted in a 2.2 to 2.6
times faster sugar decrease but only a 0.5 times dissolved organic carbon increase compared to channels with light input,
suggesting a strong internal coupling of primary producers and heterotrophs. Our results indicate that carbon uptake from
the water column is fostered at higher flow velocities and that primary production is an important internal carbon source
in nascent epilithic biofilms. 相似文献
9.
Brandon M. Stephens Elizabeth C. Minor 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(4):403-417
The chemical characteristics of bulk (sterile-filtered) and high molecular-weight dissolved organic matter (HMW DOM) were
analyzed for freshwater (St. Louis River, Minnesota to Lake Superior) and saline (Elizabeth River, Virginia to Chesapeake
Bay) river-to-receiving basin transects. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations and UV–Visible spectroscopy of bulk DOM demonstrated
a reduction in organic carbon, colored DOM and aromatic compounds downstream in both transects. The proportion of DOM recoverable
via ultrafiltration as HMW material also decreased downstream in both transects, although there was an offset in recoveries
between the transects that may be explained by the effects of ionic strength and/or differences in ultrafiltration technique.
The analysis of HMW DOM by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated similar trends between transects, with a general
shift from aromatic/carboxylic compounds nearshore to aliphatic/carbohydrate materials offshore. The parallel changes observed
along saline and freshwater transects imply that similar processes play significant roles in the down-gradient alteration
of DOM and that ionic strength or pH changes cause second-order effects. 相似文献
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以艾比湖流域主要入湖河流为研究对象,在5月（丰水期）和8月（枯水期）分别沿博尔塔拉河（博河）和精河进行采样,采用平行因子模型（PARAFAC）和三维荧光区域积分法对水体三维荧光特性进行研究并对其与水质的关系在枯、丰水期下的变化进行探讨.结果表明①河流DOM在枯水期与丰水期都含有C1（240、425 nm） UVC类腐殖质,C2（225、290 nm）紫外区内络氨酸类有机物,C3（230/280、330 nm）蛋白类有机物,C4（265、260 nm）腐殖质类共4种组分.通过对水体三维荧光进行区域积分可以看出DOM荧光成分的占比在不同时期的变化.博河在枯水期时EEM光谱中的区域Ⅲ富里酸含量低于丰水期,枯水期时区域Ⅱ芳香类蛋白质、区域Ⅳ可溶性微生物代谢物以及区域Ⅴ类腐殖质酸高于丰水期;对于精河来说,区域Ⅱ芳香类蛋白质和区域Ⅳ可溶性微生物代谢物在枯水期的含量高于丰水期,区域Ⅲ富里酸和区域Ⅴ类腐殖质酸的含量枯水期低于丰水期,这表明水体腐质化程度较高.②本研究选取了一些常规的荧光指数来描述枯、丰水期水体的荧光指数特性.经研究发现,精河的荧光指数、自生源指数和腐殖化指数在不同时期的变化幅度较小,而博河的变化幅度较大.③将荧光指数与水质参数进行相关性分析并建模,结果表明枯水期自生源指数（BIX）与化学需氧量呈显著正相关,相关系数R=0.688;丰水期时BIX与铵态氮浓度呈显著负相关,相关系数R=-0.493.通过对比分析艾比湖主要入湖河流的三维荧光光谱特性与水质在枯、丰水期时的关系进一步表明水体中DOM的特性以及在枯、丰水期下的差异,为艾比湖流域的治理改善提供一定的理论支持和参考依据. 相似文献
13.
三峡库区拥有目前世界上规模最大的水利枢纽工程,自投入使用以来,为长江流域提供了丰富的水源及电力,促进了经济的发展,但同时也对该区域的生态环境造成了严重的冲击。澎溪河流域作为三峡库区长江流域干流的典型回水区和消落带,是众多学者研究三峡库区生态环境变化的重点区域。为探究不同时空尺度下土地利用对河流溶解性有机质（DOM）的影响,以澎溪河流域为研究对象,基于紫外-可见光谱分析和三维荧光光谱矩阵-平行因子分析,结合河段缓冲区、河岸带缓冲区及子流域3种空间尺度的二级土地利用类型,解析了旱雨季水体DOM的组成及来源特征,并采用相关分析和冗余分析方法探讨了3种空间尺度下土地利用方式对旱雨季水体DOM的多时空尺度影响。结果表明：（1）旱季水体DOM荧光组分以陆源类腐殖质所占比例更大,雨季水体DOM荧光组分以富里酸贡献为主。（2）流域内陆源输入和内源产生对水体DOM丰度均有贡献,雨季较旱季水体DOM的陆源性更强,自生源特征较弱。（3）土地利用在雨季和子流域尺度下对水体DOM的影响更显著,其中,雨季子流域尺度下,土地利用指数对水体DOM参数的解释率为90.35%。（4）不同土地利用方式对水体DOM产生的影响... 相似文献
14.
Z. B. Namsaraev V. M. Gorlenko S. P. Buryukhaev D. D. Barkhutova V. D. Dambaev L. E. Dulov V. V. Sorokin B. B. Namsaraev 《Water Resources》2010,37(4):513-519
Hydrochemical and biogeochemical processes in Lake Khilganta were studied during more than ten years. The lake was shown to
pass through periods of wetting and drying. This is accompanied by considerable changes in water chemistry and microbiological
processes. During the passage from a wet to a dry period, lake water mineralization increases from 40 to 260 g/l and pH decreases
from 9.9 to 7.1. At the same time, the isotope composition of organic matter carbon in bottom deposits becomes lighter (from
−15.6 to −30.6‰), as well as that of carbon in carbonates (from +4.1 to −8.6‰), due to the lower rate of photosynthetic processes
in lake bacterial mats. The order of salt precipitation during the passage from a wet to a dry period and the mechanism of
maintaining water pH are considered. A possible similarity between the modern processes in Lake Khilganta and the processes
in analogous Pre-Cambrian water bodies is discussed, and the hypothesis regarding the possibility of wider development of
soda water bodies at early stages of Earth’s history is considered. 相似文献
15.
Distribution and ecological relevance of fine sediments in organic-enriched lagoons: the case study of the Cabras lagoon (Sardinia, Italy) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Magni P De Falco G Como S Casu D Floris A Petrov AN Castelli A Perilli A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(3):549-564
In organic-enriched sedimentary systems, like many Mediterranean coastal lagoons, a detailed analysis of sediment grain size composition and partitioning within the muds is crucial to investigate sedimentological trends related to both hydrodynamic energy and basin morphology. In these systems, sediment dynamics are particularly important because the partitioning and transport of fine sediments can strongly influence the redistribution and accumulation of large amounts of organic matter, and consequently the distribution of benthic assemblages and the trophic status and functioning of a lagoon. Nevertheless, studies on benthic-sediment relationships have been based mainly on a rather coarse analysis of sediment grain size features. In muddy systems, however, this approach may impede a proper evaluation of the relationships and effects of the distribution of fine sediment and organic matter on the biotic benthic components. Here we show that the distribution of sedimentary organic matter (OM) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the Cabras lagoon (Sardinia, Italy) can be explained (i.e., predicted) as a function of a nonlinear increase in the amount of the cohesive fraction of sediments (< or = 8 microm grain size particles) and that this fraction strongly influences the structure, composition and distribution of macrobenthic assemblages. Even in such a homogeneously muddy system, characterized by "naturally" occurring impoverished communities, impaired benthic assemblages were found at < or = 8 microm, OM, TOC contents of about 77%, 11% and 3.5%, respectively. A review of studies conducted in Mediterranean coastal lagoons highlighted a lack of direct integrated analysis of sediment features and the biotic components. We suggest that, especially in organic-enriched coastal lagoons, monitoring programs should primarily investigate and consider the cohesive fraction of sediments in order to allow a better assessment of benthic-sediment relationships and ecological quality of the system. 相似文献
16.
Zhongwu Li Hao Peng Binggeng Xie Chun Liu Xiaodong Nie Danyang Wang Mei Huang Haibing Xiao Lin Shi Xuqin Zhang Jieyu Jiang 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1446-1459
Exploring the chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for understanding the fate of laterally transported organic matter in watersheds. We hypothesized that differences in water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soils of varying land uses and rainfall events may significantly affect the quality and the quantity of stream DOM. To test our hypotheses, characteristics of rainfall-runoff DOM and WEOM of source materials (topsoil from different land uses and gullies, as well as typical vegetation) were investigated at two adjacent catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, using ultraviolet–visible absorbance and excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that land-use types may significantly affect the chemical composition of soil WEOM, including its aromaticity, molecular weight, and degree of humification. The PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that the soils and stream water were dominated by terrestrial/allochthonous humic-like substances and microbial transformable humic-like fluorophores. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of stream DOM suggested a pronounced change in the relative proportion of allochthonous versus autochthonous material under different rainfall patterns and land uses. For example, high proportions of forestland could provide more allochthonous DOM input. This study highlights the relevance of soils and hydrological dynamics on the composition and fluxes of DOM issuing from watersheds. The composition of DOM in soils was influenced by land-use type. Precipitation patterns influenced the proportion of terrestrial versus microbial origins of DOM in surface runoff. Contributions of allochthonous, terrestrially derived DOM inputs were highest from forested landscapes. 相似文献
17.
S.G. Cheung C.Y.S. Chan B.H.K. Po A.L. Li J.Y.S. Leung J.W. Qiu P.O. Ang V. Thiyagarajan P.K.S. Shin J.M.Y. Chiu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
Biofilms on submerged surfaces are important in determining larval settlement of most marine benthic invertebrates. We investigated if exposure of biofilms to hypoxia would alter the larval settlement pattern and result in a shift in benthic invertebrate community structure in the field. Biofilms were first exposed to hypoxia or normoxia in laboratory microcosms for 7 days, and then deployed in the field for another 7 days to allow for larval settlement and recruitment to occur. Using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene, this study showed that hypoxia altered the biofilm bacterial community composition, and the difference between the hypoxic and normoxic treatments increased with the time of exposure period. This study also demonstrated significantly different benthic invertebrate community structures as a result of biofilm exposure to hypoxia and that the hypoxic and normoxic treatments were dominated by Hydroides sp. and Folliculina sp., respectively. 相似文献
18.
According to variations of 137Cs and clay contents, 44 flood couplets were identified in a profile of reservoir deposit with a vertical length of 28.12 m in the Yuntaishan Gully. Couplet 27 at the middle of the profile had the highest average 137Cs content of 12.65 Bq kg-1, which indicated the 1963s' deposits, then 137Cs content decreased both downward and upward in the profile. The second top and bottom couplets had average 137Cs contents of 2.15 Bq kg-1 and 0.92 Bq kg-1, respectively. By integrated analysis of reservoir construction and management history, variations of 137Cs contents over the profile, sediment yields of flood couplets and rainfall data during the period of 1958-1970, individual storms related to the flood couplets were identified. 44 floods with a total sediment yield of 2.36×104 m3 occurred and flood events in a year varied between 1 and 10 times during the period of 1960-1970. 7-10 flood events occurred during the wet period of 1961-1964 with very wet autumn, while only 1-2 events during the dry period of 1965-1969. Average annual specific sediment yield was 1.29×104 t km-2 a-1 for the Yuntaishan Gully during the period of 1960-1970, which was slightly higher than 1.11 ×104 t km-2 a-1 for the Upper Yanhe River Basin above the Ganguyi Hydrological Station and slightly lower than 1.40 ×104 t km-2 a-1 for the nearby Zhifang Gully during the same period. Annual specific sediment yields for the Yuntaishan Gully were correlated to the wet season's rainfalls well. 相似文献
19.
Fco. Javier Pavón–Carrasco Maria Luisa Osete J. Miquel Torta Luis R. Gaya–Piqué 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(6):1209-1225
The SCHA.DI.00 directional model for the geomagnetic field in Europe for the last 2000 years (Pavón–Carrasco
et al., 2008) has been updated by modelling the palaeointensity. This model, SCHA.DI.00, was developed from available Bayesian
European Palaeosecular Variation Curves using the regional Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis technique. The comparison of the
palaeosecular variation curves, given by the regional model, with available archaeomagnetic data not used in its development
showed an improvement with respect to the fit obtained by global archaeomagnetic models. In this paper advantage is taken
of recently published palaeointensity databases to develop a complete (direction and intensity) regional archaeomagnetic model
for the last 2000 years valid for the European region: the SCHA.DI.00–F model. Not only does this complete model provide an
improvement for example for archaeomagnetic data studies, but it is also shown that this new regional model can be used to
study the recently proposed link between the centennial secular variation of the geomagnetic field and climate change. The
pattern of the archaeosecular variation of the field intensity obtained by SCHA.DI.00–F seems to verify the hypothesis presented
by Gallet et al. (2005) about a possible (causal) connection between changes in the geomagnetic field intensity and in climate parameters,
opening the door for more discussions on this challenging subject. 相似文献
20.
The molecular characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) reflect both its source material and its biogeochemical history. In glacial systems, DOM characteristics might be expected to change over the course of a melt season as changes in the glacier drainage system cause the mobilization of DOM from different OM pools. To test this hypothesis we used Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of synchronous fluorescence spectra to detect and describe changes in the DOM in meltwater from a glacier system in the Coast Mountains of northern British Columbia, Canada. For most of the melt season, the dominant component of subglacially routed meltwater DOM is characterized by a tyrosine‐like fluorophore. This DOM component is most likely derived from supraglacial snowmelt. During periods of high discharge, a second component of DOM is present which is humic in character and similar to DOM sampled from a nearby non‐glacial stream. This DOM component is inferred to be derived from a moss‐covered soil environment that has been glacially overrun. It is probably entrained into glacial melt waters when the supraglacial meltwater flux exceeds the capacity of the principal subglacial drainage channels and water floods areas of the glacier bed that are normally isolated from the subglacial drainage system. Another source of DOM also appears to be mobilized during periods of high air temperatures. It is characterized by both humic and proteinaceous fluorophores and may be derived from the drainage of supraglacial cryoconite holes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献