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江克一 《前寒武纪研究进展》1997,20(1):57-65
早前寒武纪克拉通过去认为是地槽演化的结果。其实不然。本文讨论形成它们变质原岩火山－沉积建造的大地构造条件。现成早前寒武纪克拉通火山－沉积盖层的成熟沉积岩丰富了孔兹岩原岩。有理由认为，早前寒武纪克拉通是在老克拉通盆地里的地台式火山－沉积建造经变质－混合岩化－塑性流变－硬化的产物。 相似文献
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分布在锡林浩特—达青牧场一带的锡林郭勒杂岩主要由变质表壳岩、变质基性-超基性岩、花岗质片麻岩等组成,其中部分为前寒武纪地层和岩石,构成前寒武纪微陆块。本文对锡林浩特西部呼热木台敖包和白音陶勒盖一带锡林郭勒杂岩中副变质岩锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学进行了研究,原岩碎屑锆石年龄介于403~3077 Ma,其中~(206)Pb/~(238)U最年轻一组的年龄在403~420 Ma,代表了该变质岩原岩的沉积下限。结合其变质时代(337 Ma)及被早石炭世—晚石炭世早期岛弧侵入岩侵入的事实,该套地层主要形成在早泥盆世中期—早石炭世早期,不是前寒武纪地层。其原岩主要为一套正常沉积碎屑岩,缺少火山岩,不具弧前沉积建造特征。它是沉积在前寒武纪锡林浩特微陆块之上的一套地层,为早古生代造山后伸展背景下晚古生代贺根山洋盆南缘初始的沉积记录。 相似文献
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中国前寒武纪铁矿床时空分布和演化特征 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
前寒武纪是中国铁矿重要成矿期,该时期的铁矿资源／储量占全国的656％。前寒武纪铁矿床类型可分（火山）沉积变质型铁矿床、与火山-侵入活动有关的铁矿床、沉积型铁矿床、复合成矿作用型铁矿床和岩浆型铁矿床五类,再细分为条带状铁建造铁矿床、与细碧角斑质火山-侵入活动有关的中浅变质铁矿床、沉积-变质热液改造型铁矿床等8个亚类。（火山）沉积变质型铁矿床是前寒武纪铁矿床的主要类型,其储量、矿产地和开采量均占全国首位,其中最主要的是条带状铁建造铁矿床亚类,是前寒武纪的特征类型,是仅发育在前寒武纪时期的铁矿床。中国最古老的铁矿床形成于古太古代,新太古代是中国铁矿最重要的形成时期,此期间形成铁矿的储量约占全国铁矿总储量50％,矿床类型是与绿岩带有关的阿尔戈马型条带状铁建造铁矿床。中国前寒武纪铁矿床主要分布在中国东部、陆块区和陆块边缘和内部的裂谷中,其成矿规模、成矿区域、成矿类型和成矿演化特点明显。 相似文献
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中国太古宙地质体组成、阶段划分和演化 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
我国太古宇陆壳主要见于华北克拉通区内，由高级变质的麻粒岩相带、角闪宕相区和低、中级变质的绿岩－花岗岩区组成。按地质时序可划分为始、古、中、新太古４个阶段。麻粒岩相带的组成主要由英云闪长质片麻岩为主和少量表壳岩或主要由表壳岩含一些花岗质岩石。绿岩－花岗岩区时代主要属新太古代，绿岩属基性火山－沉积建造，基性岩的原岩物质来自相对亏损的上地幔，形成于大陆边缘的裂谷环境。太古宙末，板块体制已经形成，麻粒岩相带是板块体制的俯冲碰撞机制的产物。对克拉通古陆块能长期成为大陆的解释，应认为是下地壳的挤压环境，促使陆壳以板底垫托叠置、垂直增生所致。 相似文献
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黑龙江省东部麻山群黑云斜长片麻岩中锆石的年龄及其地质意义 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
采自西麻山煤矿附近的麻山群黑云斜长片麻岩中，分离出了较多的锆石。采用单颗粒锆石逐级蒸发沉积法对其进行了定年研究，获得的１０粒锆石的２０７Ｐｂ／２０６Ｐｂ年龄相当一致，平均值为５２７．５±４．４Ｍａ。所测岩样经岩石学和矿物学研究均未发现有显著的后期叠加变质作用，因此，可以认为所测样品的主变质作用发生在寒武纪早－中期，而不是早前寒武纪。麻山群的原岩时代可能也不全是早前寒武纪，而更可能是一个较复杂的岩石构造地层单位，需要将其解体、重新认识和命名。 相似文献
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中条山早元古代铜矿成矿作用与演化 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
中条山重要铜矿床都产于早元古代活动带中。它们是:绛县群(2500—2300Ma)下部变质泥质一半泥质岩中的沉积变质铜矿床和中上部变质钾质火山岩建造中的变质火山斑岩铜矿床;中条群(2300—1830Ma)变质碳酸盐黑色页岩建造中的沉积变质-再造铜矿床。这些原生成因不同的矿床,经过180Ma左右的中条运动及其变质作用,而表现了某些相似的热液和地球化学特征,但没有从根本上改变受原岩建造控制的特点。 相似文献
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I. K. Kozakov A. M. Kozlovsky V. V. Yarmolyuk V. P. Kovach E. V. Bibikova T. I. Kirnozova Yu. V. Plotkina N. Yu. Zagornaya M. M. Fugzan Ch. Erdenejargal V. I. Lebedev G. Eenjin 《Petrology》2011,19(4):426-444
The oldest crystalline complexes of the Early Caledonian superterrane of Central Asia were formed in the Early Precambrian. They are exposed in the basement of microcontinents, which represent old cratonic fragments. Among the latters are the crystalline complexes of the Tarbagatai block previously ascribed to the Dzabkhan microcontinent. It was shown that the crystalline complexes of the Tarbagatai block have a heterogeneous structure, consisting of the Early Precambrian and later Riphean lithotectonic complexes. Structurally, the Early Precambrian complexes are made up of tectonic sheets of gneisses, migmatites, and gneiss granites of the Ider Complex that are cut by gabbroanorthosite massif. The Riphean Jargalant Complex comprises alternating hornblende crystalline schists and biotite (sometimes sillimanite-bearing) gneisses with marble horizons. The upper age boundary of the Riphean Complex is determined by the subautochthonous granitoids with age about 810 Ma. The presence of the Riphean high-grade rocks indicates that structures with newly formed crust were formed in the paleooceanic framing of the Early Precambrian blocks of the Rodinia supercontinent by the Mid-Late Riphean. Divergence that began at that time within old Rodinian cratons and caused rifting and subsequent break-up of the supercontinent was presumably changed by convergence in the paleooceanic area. 相似文献
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E. Yu. Rytsk A. F. Makeev V. P. Kovach E. S. Bogomolov A. M. Fedoseenko 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2009,17(2):146-154
One of the key segments in the conjunction zone between the Baikal folded area of Baikalides, the Early Precambrian Aldan-Stanovoi shield, and the Barguzin-Vitim superterrane involving fragments of the Early Precambrian, Baikalian, and Paleozoic folded complexes is discussed. Within this segment, complicated tectonic contacts between the Late Riphean complexes of the Param-Shaman paleotrough zone in the Baikal-Muya foldbelt of Baikalides and Lower Precambrian complexes of the Kalar metamorphic terrane are mapped. The results of the U-Pb zircon isotopic dating (TIMS and SHRIMP-II) of gneisses-syenites from the Burgai Complex and gneissoid granites of the Drevnestanovoi Complex of the Early Precambrian age, as well as results of the Nd-isotope study of reference magmatic and stratified complexes of the region are presented. The ages of the oldest gneiss-syenites from the Burgai Complex and overlying plagiomigmatites in the conjunction zone have been established to differ by less than 1 Ma, making up 601 ± 5 Ma. Drevnestanovoi gneissoid granites in the conjunction zone are of the Late Paleozoic age (325–270 Ma). According to Nd isotopic data, the age of the source, from which Vendian gneisses-syenites and granites were melted, was established to be not older than the Riphean, and the material of the old continental crust to be the protolith of the upper Paleozoic granites. It has been inferred that the collision junction of Baikalian and Early Precambrian structures of the Baikal folded area and the Aldan-Stanovoi Shield into a single block took place 600 Ma ago. 相似文献
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I. K. Kozakov E. B. Sal’nikova T. Wang A. N. Didenko Yu. V. Plotkina V. N. Podkovyrov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(2):121-140
In the Early Caledonian superterrane of Central Asia, an accretionary orogen of mosaic structure, pre-Riphean Baidaragin and Bumbuger complexes are exposed in the Baidarik block of the Dzabkhan microcontinent. Zircon dating on ion-ion SHRIMP II microprobe and Nd isotopic-geochemical systematics are used to establish protolith age for Neoarchean orthogneisses of the Baidaragin complex, age constraints for accumulation of Lower Proterozoic metasediments of the Bumbuger Complex and provenance of sedimentary material. The results of isotopic dating facilitate correlation of the Baidarik block crystalline complexes with basement formations of North Eurasian ancient cratons. Possible position and migration path of the Dzabkhan microcontinent during the Early Proterozoic transformation of supercontinents Columbia-Rodinia-Pangea are considered based on interpretation of paleomagnetic data. 相似文献
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E.V. Artyushkov S.P. Korikovsky H.-J. Massonne P.A. Chekhovich 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(11):1389-1409
Precambrian cratons cover about 70% of the total continental area. According to a large volume of geomorphological, geological, paleontological, and other data for the Pliocene and Pleistocene, these cratons have experienced a crustal uplift from 100-200 m to 1000-1500 m, commonly called the recent or Neotectonic uplift. Shortening of the Precambrian crust terminated half a billion years ago or earlier, and its uplift could not have been produced by this mechanism. According to the main models of dynamic topography in the mantle, the distribution of displacements at the surface is quite different from that of the Neotectonic movements. According to seismic data, there is no magmatic underplating beneath most of the Precambrian cratons. In most of cratonic areas, the mantle lithosphere is very thick, which makes its recent delamination unlikely. Asthenospheric replacement of the lower part of the mantle lithosphere beneath the Precambrian cratons might have produced only a minor part of their Neotectonic uplifts. Since the above mechanisms cannot explain this phenomenon, the rock expansion in the crustal layer is supposed to be the main cause of the recent uplift of Precambrian cratons. This is supported by the strong lateral nonuniformity of the uplift, which indicates that expansion of rocks took place at a shallow depth. Expansion might have occurred in crustal rocks that emerged from the lower crust into the middle crust with lower pressure and temperature after the denudation of a thick layer of surface rocks. In the dry state, these rocks can remain metastable for a long time. However, rapid metamorphism accompanied by expansion of rocks can be caused by infiltration of hydrous fluids from the mantle. Analysis of phase diagrams for common crustal rocks demonstrates that this mechanism can explain the recent crustal uplift of Precambrian cratons. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(1):73-101
During the Early Proterozoic (2.5 to 2.3 Ga), three types of coeval structural provinces developed in the eastern Baltic Shield—(1) the Karelian and Kola granite-greenstone cratons, (2) the relatively high grade Lapland-Umba granulite belt (LUGB), and (3) the Belomorian (White Sea) mobile belt (BMB). The LUGB represents a compensated compressional zone where synkinematic crustal-derived magmatism of the enderbite-charnockite series predominates. The BMB is a transitional nappe-folded zone between these high- and low-grade terranes, which consists mainly of reworked granite-greenstone lithologies of the adjacent cratons. These cratons were vast extensional areas with mantle-derived, siliceous, high-Mg (boninite-like) series (SHMS) magmatism. This SHMS magmatism occurs in volcano-sedimentary sequences, large layered intrusions, and dike swarms within graben-like structures. One of the more interesting types of tectonomagmatic activity occurred within the BMB and is expressed as the unique Drusite Complex. It is represented by thousands of small intrusions of mafic and ultramafic rocks, dispersed among the higher-grade BMB host rocks. Geological features of these intrusions show that their formation was synkinematic with deformations within the belt, although they have undergone later, post-solidification deformation and metamorphism. As a result, intrusions often were transformed into lenticular, boudin-like bodies with primary igneous textures preserved only in their central portions. Compositions of the Drusite Complex intrusions, although forming small, individual bodies with associated chill zones, are similar to large layered intrusions in adjacent cratons (plagioclase harzburgites and lherzolites, pyroxenites, troctolites, olivine norites and norites, gabbronorites, anorthosites, and diorites). The areal distribution of the drusite intrusions and their correlation with large layered mafic intrusions in adjacent cratons suggests a vast magma-generation zone beneath western Russia during the Early Proterozoic. The character and extent of magmatism suggests that during the Early Proterozoic (in Sumian— Sariolian time) the Kola and Karelian cratons were vast extensional areas above spreading plume heads. Within this scenario, the LUGB was an area of intense crustal sagging between these two cratons. The BMB was a transitional zone of tectonic flowage between the LUGB and the cratons, where movements were not as intense; there a nappe-folded structure formed. As a result, the intrusion of new melts occurred under rapidly changing conditions and a specific type of disseminated, intrusive magmatism—The Drusite Complex—emerged instead of the formation of layered intrusions. The petrologic and mineralogic compositions of the Drusite Complex intrusions are indistinguishable from coeval layered mafic intrusions of the adjacent Karelia and Kola cratons, suggesting similar parental magmas and a large zone of magmatism (i.e., large igneous province, or LIP) beneath the eastern Baltic Shield. These magmas were derived either from depleted mantle melts that had assimilated a significant crustal component, or from enriched mantle. 相似文献
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I. K. Kozakov E. B. Sal’nikova V. V. Yarmolyuk V. P. Kovach A. M. Kozlovskii I. V. Anisimova Yu. V. Plotkina A. M. Fedoseenko S. Z. Yakovleva Ch. Erdenezhargal 《Petrology》2013,21(3):203-220
The Early Caledonian folded area in Central Asia (Early Caledonian superterrane) hosts micro-continent fragments with an Early and Late Precambrian crystalline basement, the largest of them being the Dzabkhan and Tuva-Mongolian fragments. Their junction zone hosts exposures of crystalline rocks that were previously thought to be part of the Early Precambrian Dzabkhan microcontinent. The Bayannur zone in the southern part of the Songino block hosts the Baynnur gneiss-migmatite and Kholbonur metavolcanic-terrigenous metamorphic complexes. The former is believed to be the Early Proterozoic crystalline basement, and the latter is thought to unconformably overly the Late Riphean cover complex of the Songino block. Various rocks of the tectono-stratigraphic complexes in the Bayannur zone were studied geologically and geochronologically (by the U-Pb technique of zircon). Regional metamorphism and folding in the Bayannur Complex were dated at 802 ± 6 Ma. The Nd model ages lie within the range of 1.5–2.0 Ga and thus preclude the correlation of these rocks with those in the Archean and Early Proterozoic basement of the Dzabkhan microcontinent. The upper age limit for folding and metamorphism in the Bayannur zone is marked by postkinematic granites dated at 790 ± 3 Ma, and the lower limit of the volcano-sedimentary complex is determined by the Nd model age of the sandstone (1.3 Ga). The upper age limit of the volcano-plutonic rocks in this zone is set by the gabbroids and anorthosites: 783 ± 2 and 784 ± 3 Ma, respectively. The complex of island-arc granitoids in the Bayannur zone is dated at 859 ± 3 Ma. The age constraints make it possible to correlate crystalline rocks in the Bayannur Complex of the Sangino block and the Dzhargalant Complex in the Tarbagatai block. Currently available data testify that the Precambrian Khangai group of blocks in the Early Caledonian Central Asian superterrane includes continental crustal blocks related to the processes of Early Precambrian, Late Riphean, and Vendian tectonism. 相似文献
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V. A. Glebovitsky L. P. Nikitina A. K. Saltykova N. O. Ovchinnikov M. S. Babushkina K. N. Egorov I. V. Ashchepkov 《Geochemistry International》2007,45(11):1077-1102
Data on the petro- and geochemical characteristics of mantle xenoliths in kimberlites, which sampled the mantle beneath Early Precambrian tectonic structures (Archean cratons: the basement of the Eastern Siberian Platform, Karelian, Kaapvaal, Wyoming, Western Dharvar; Early and Middle Proterozoic foldbelts: Western Olenek, Natal, and Halls Creek), and xenoliths in alkaline basalts, which sampled the mantle benath Late Proterozoic-Phanerozoic structures (foldbelts: Central Asian, Mozambique, southern tip of South America, and Central German) indicate the following: (1) The major and trace element and REE composition of the mantle is different beneath Early Precambrian structures and Late Proterozoic-Phanerozoic foldbelts and reflects the degree of partial melting of the primitive mantle and its depletion in magmaphile components beneath ancient structures compared to young ones. (2) The original composition of the mantle was different beneath the Early Precambrian and Late Proterozoic structures in terms of both major oxides and incompatible trace elements and REE and their ratios; the composition of the mantle beneath the Eastern Siberian Platform, Wyoming, and Karelian cratons is different in terms of Zr/Y, La/Sm, Ce/Sm, Gd/Yb, and Lu/Hf. (3) The degree of melting of the primitive mantle decreases with depth, as follows from the negative correlation between the MgO/SiO2 ratio and pressure (i.e., depth) and the positive correlation between the Al2O3/MgO ratio and pressure in the xenoliths. (4) The Y, Zr, Ti, Sm, Gd, and Yb conncentrations and the sum of HREE in the mantle decrease with increasing degree of melting; correspondingly, the material most strongly depleted in these incompatible trace elements and REE composes the upper levels of the lithospheric continental mantle. 相似文献
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The Arctida Craton and Neoproterozoic-Mesozoic orogenic belts of the Circum-Polar region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An attempt is made to characterize an assembly of Arctic tectonic units formed before the opening of the Arctic Ocean. This
assembly comprises the epi-Grenville Arctida Craton (a fragment of Rodinia) and the marginal parts of the Precambrian Laurentia,
Baltica, and Siberian cratons. The cratons are amalgamated by orogenic belts (trails of formerly closed oceans). These are
the Late Neoproterozoic belts (Baikalides), Middle Paleozoic belts (Caledonides), Permo-Triassic belts (Hercynides), and Early
Cretaceous belts (Late Kimmerides). Arctida encompasses an area from the Svalbard Archipelago in the west to North Alaska
in the east. The Svalbard, Barents, Kara, and other cratons are often considered independent Precambrian minicratons, but
actually they are constituents of Arctida subsequently broken down into several blocks. The Neoproterozoic orogenic belt extends
as a discontinuous tract from the Barents-Ural-Novaya Zemlya region via the Taimyr Peninsula and shelf of the East Siberian
Sea to North Alaska as an arcuate framework of Arctida, which separates it from the Baltica and Siberian cratons. The Caledonian
orogenic belt consisting of the Scandian and Ellesmerian segments frames Arctida on the opposite side, separating it from
the Laurentian Craton. The opposite position of the Baikalian and Caledonian orogenic belts in the Arctida framework makes
it possible to judge about the time when the boundaries of this craton formed as a result of its detachment from Rodinia.
The Hercynian orogenic belt in the Arctic Region comprises the Novozemel’sky (Novaya Zemlya) and Taimyr segments, which initially
were an ending of the Ural Hercynides subsequenly separated by a strike-slip fault. The Mid-Cretaceous (Late Kimmerian) orogenic
belt as an offset of Pacific is divergent. It was formed under the effect of the opened Canada Basin and accretion and collision
at the Pacific margins. The undertaken typification of pre-Late Mesozoic tectonic units, for the time being debatable in some
aspects, allows reconstruction of the oceanic basins that predated the formation of the Arctic Ocean. 相似文献