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1.
钱雅倩  郭吉保 《地学前缘》1998,5(2):251-260
矿物水体系氢同位素平衡分馏系数和动力分馏系数是同位素地球化学研究中的重要参数。这些参数大多由实验测定。氢同位素分馏的实验研究主要包括矿物水体系氢同位素交换实验,交换实验前后矿物、水的氢同位素分析及分馏机理、平衡分馏、动力分馏理论研究。为确保氢同位素分馏系数和一系列动力学参数的准确可靠,实验中防止氢透过容器壁扩散,避免空气中水汽污染样品,正确控制实验温度等都很重要。本研究以石英管代替前人常用的金(银、铂)管作反应容器,建立了一套实验研究羟基矿物水体系氢同位素平衡分馏和动力分馏的新方法,并开展了电气石水、黑柱石水体系氢同位素分馏的实验研究。所得一系列参数的精度明显好于国外报道的资料。此研究方法可广泛应用于羟基矿物水体系的氢同位素分馏的实验研究。  相似文献   

2.
电气石和水之间的氢同位素分馏   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
钱雅倩  郭吉保 《地球学报》1994,15(Z1):189-196
作者对电气-水体系氢同位素平衡分馏和动力学分馏和动力学分馏开展了实验研究,丰富了羟基矿物氢同位素分馏资料。本文对该研究的实验技术、分析方法作了介绍,并对实验结果进行讨论与国外已有的该方面的资料作了对比。在800-650℃时电气石和水之间氢同位素平衡分馏系数与温度间线性关系为103lna电气石-水=-28.24(106/T2)+2.60;交换速率常数与温度间关系为lnk2=-0.19-6.70(103/T)  相似文献   

3.
矿物稳定同位素地球化学研究   总被引:36,自引:2,他引:34  
郑永飞 《地学前缘》2000,7(2):299-320
通过测定矿物中元素H ,C ,O和S的同位素比值 ,认识矿物体系中的同位素效应 ,不仅能够确定矿物之间和矿物与流体之间的同位素平衡关系 ,而且能够了解影响矿物平衡和动力学同位素性质的因素。文中评述了稳定同位素分馏系数校准的理论计算、实验测定和经验估计方法 ,讨论温度、压力、化学成分和晶体结构等对矿物同位素性质的影响。由于同位素效应取决于矿物的物理和化学性质 ,因此应用稳定同位素来作为示踪剂不仅能够追索各种矿物学反应的路径 ,而且能够提供证据来阐明矿物晶体结构的某些细节。  相似文献   

4.
桂林洞穴沉积物的氧、碳同位素特征   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
汪训一 《中国岩溶》1985,(Z1):149-154
<正>在现代稳定同位素研究中,往往利用达到同位素平衡的一对共生矿物或矿物——水之间的同位素组成来作为地质温度计,以了解其形成时的温度。对于岩溶洞穴环境来说,主要是利用方解石——水之间的同位素平衡反应。C.H.Hendy(1971))详细研究了洞穴堆积过程中可能出现的各种地球化学作用及其对同位素分布的影响,认为当CO2从水中迅速逸失或进行水的蒸发作用时,产生同位素动力分馏,沉积物中相对富集的O18,不能作为古温度标志,而只有当CO2从水中缓慢逸出时,方解石和水之间氧同位素的平衡反应方可作为地质温度计。其平衡常数(K)主要取决于形成的温度。  相似文献   

5.
羟基矿物内部存在两种位于不同结构位置上的氧原子硅氧四面体氧和羟基氧,二者之间的O同位素分馏可能比任何共生矿物对都大,是一种潜在的单矿物同位素地质温度计。单矿物同位素地质温度计较矿物对同位素地质温度计有很多优点。准确测量矿物中羟基的O同位素组成是建立单矿物同位素地质温度计的关键。本文介绍了一种精确测量白云母、高岭石矿物中羟基的O同位素组成的新方法火焰加热真空脱水氟化法。δ18OOH的分析精度达到03‰,羟基氧的提取率达到99%~100%。实验证明羟基矿物在高温真空脱水过程中不存在O同位素动力学分馏,羟基水  相似文献   

6.
郑永飞 《地球化学》1994,23(4):321-328
利用增量方法对云母族矿物的氧同位素分馏进行了系统的理论计算。结果表明,不同化学成分和结构状态的云母之间存在一定的氧同位素分馏,其18O富集顺序在热力学同位素平衡时为:多硅白云母>钠云母>锂云母>白云母=珍珠云母>海绿石>铁云母>金云母>黑云母。在400℃以上的高温条件下,云母-水体系的氧同位素分馏与温度之间的相关性不明显,并且云母相对于水亏损18O达1‰-2.5‰。石英-云母体系的氧同位素分馏与温度之间具有显著的负相关性,因此,能够作为灵敏的同位素地质温度计。不过,石英-黑云母对的氧同位素地质测温往往给出岩石冷却过程中的退化再平衡温度,而不是岩石形成温度。  相似文献   

7.
周根陶  郑永飞 《地质学报》2001,75(2):267-276
本文通过“一步法”和“两步法”的“附晶生长法”分别合成了碳酸钙矿物,对其进行了同质多象转变过程中的氧同位素分馏行为的研究。同时通过真空条件下的同质多象转变实验,对文石和方解石的酸分馏系数的差异进行了实验验证。结果发现:①在50℃和70℃下,如果文石与水之间的氧同位素分馏未达到平衡,由母体文石经过同质多象转变生成的次生方解石完全继承的母体矿物的氧同位素组成。如果文石与水之间的氧同位素分馏达到平衡,由互过同质多象转变生成的次生方解石部分继承母体文石的氧同位素组成,并且次生方解石相对于母体文石富集^18O。②在0℃和25℃下,“一步法”的“附晶生长法”的实验结果表明,由六方方解石经过同质多象转变生成的次生方解石也完全继承母体矿物的氧同位素组成,并且在该温度下,矿物与水之间的氧同位素分馏与温度无关。  相似文献   

8.
稳定同位素平衡分馏资料已广泛应用于地质研究中,对探讨成矿物质、成矿流体来源、矿床成因及成矿机理等起了重要作用。然而其应用的前提必须假设:(1)地质体系中共生矿物间及与介质流体间已达到同位素平衡;(2)矿物的形成温度作为终止同位素交换的封闭温度。但大量的资料表明,许多地质体中共生矿物间并非都达到了同位素平衡,矿物的形成温度并非就是同位素交换的封闭温度,这正是目前一些同位素资料互相矛盾,不能得到合理介释的原因所在。例如,同位素地温计与相平衡证据不符,共生矿物之间没有统一的同位素平衡关系,由共生矿物对计算的同位素温度不一致;同一矿物或共生矿物的氧、氧同位素组成之间及硫酸盐矿物中硫、氧同位素组成之间的不一致等等。这些都反映出仅用平衡分馏原理不能全面、合理地解释地质问题。地质过程是一个漫长而复杂的演化发展过程,许多矿  相似文献   

9.
郑永飞  李一良 《地学前缘》1998,5(2):261-274
应用理论计算、实验测定和经验估计三种方法均能获取含固体矿物体系的氧同位素分馏系数,其中高温高压实验研究不仅能够得到物相之间的同位素平衡分馏系数,而且能够提供与同位素交换动力学和机理有关的信息。同位素分馏系数的实验校准方法已经由原来的两相体系(矿物H2O、矿物CO2和矿物CaCO3)交换发展为三相体系(CaCO3矿物流体)交换,化学合成、重结晶和矿物反应技术得到了进一步应用。本文评述了近十年来这一领域的研究进展,着重介绍了H2O、CO2和CaCO3作为交换介质进行氧同位素分馏系数校准的技术原理和结果,探讨了热液和碳酸盐交换实验结果不一致的原因。  相似文献   

10.
温度为180—550℃,盐度(wt.%)分别为0、5、25和40条件下,在高压釜内完成了由硅胶合成石英的氧同位素分馏作用实验研究,目的是了解:①盐同位素效应;②△t值对同位素分馏的影响;③温度与同位素分馏系数的关系。研究资料表明:低温条件下矿物和纯水之间同位素平衡作用不可能发生;影响含氧矿物(初)之间氧同位素平衡速率的因素包括盐度、△t值大小和温度等;我们的研究还表明,盐度对同位素分馏作用同系数无影响,即不存在所谓的“同位素盐效应”。在180—550℃温度范围内,不同盐度条件下获得的石英-水氧同位素分馏实验方程为:10001nα_(石英-水)=3.306×10~5T~(-2)—2.71。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

13.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

14.
HYDROGEOLOGY     
正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level  相似文献   

15.
正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),  相似文献   

16.
17.
正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-  相似文献   

18.
正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-  相似文献   

19.
正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)  相似文献   

20.
GEOCHEMISTRY     
正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861  相似文献   

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