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锚杆支护和喷射砼支护已在大量地下工程施工中采用,而在我局地勘坑道施工中则刚刚起步。本文根据我局某矿区应用锚杆支护的情况,对其作用机理、使用条件、设计、施工等问题,作一简要介绍和分析,并提出一些改进工艺和应用设想,以期对地勘坑道推广使用锚杆支护有所帮助 (一)锚杆支护及其作用机理锚杆支护是指用机械的方法,通过一定的工艺流程,将一种杆状结构安设固定在围岩中,形成能承受荷载和阻止围岩变形的结构物,对围岩起到加固支护的作用。 相似文献
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对大松动圈围岩巷道,单一锚杆支护难以实现对整个破裂区围岩的锚固控制,采用锚网索联合支护时,应考虑锚杆支护对联合支护设计的作用。通过分析大松动圈围岩锚杆锚固支护机制,提出量化锚杆支护作用的锚固承载系数,形成锚网索联合支护参数量化计算方法。研究结果表明：锚杆锚固支护后将大松动圈围岩分为浅层锚固区和深层破裂区,浅层锚固区具有一定承载能力,可视作锚索的等效托盘;在锚网索联合支护中,浅层锚固区承载结构稳定的条件是锚固结构承载力大于环向轴力且能够有效控制破裂区围岩;锚固承载系数大小主要取决于浅层锚固区与破裂区和锚杆预紧力与设计锚固力的关系,对于大松动圈围岩其取值范围为0.45～0.75。经现场试验可知,巷道顶底板移近量为273 mm,两帮移近量为393 mm,表面位移曲线趋于平稳,采用该方法得到的锚网索支护参数有效保证了巷道的正常使用。 相似文献
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煤矿巷道锚杆支护的参数优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前煤矿巷道锚杆支护设计尚存在不足,造成锚杆锚固能力未能充分发挥,支护材料浪费和支护成本偏高。基于围岩与锚杆共同作用原理,通过锚杆受力监测,对锚杆支护参数进行设计,有助于充分发挥锚杆支护的优越性。针对陕西某煤矿巷道条件,通过计算和锚杆受力监测,调整锚杆参数的方法,进行锚杆支护参数设计,实现锚杆支护的参数优化。应用结果表明利用这一方法能够准确、快速地得到锚杆的支护参数,充分发挥了支护锚杆的承载能力,实现了支护优化。本文工作对改进煤矿巷道支护设计具有一定的实际意义和工程价值。 相似文献
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已给出弹塑性变形条件下围岩-支护相互作用的全过程解析求解,在此基础上深入研究3种常用支护结构的支护作用效果,是非常必要的。考虑开挖面空间效应,根据弹塑性变形条件下围岩-支护相互作用的全过程解析求解,针对6、5、4 m直径的工程算例,分别对素喷混凝土、锚杆和U型钢等3种支护结构的支护作用效果进行了理论计算与分析,主要包括:3种支护结构极限承载能力理论计算、基于开挖面空间效应的3种支护结构控制围岩弹塑性变形的理论计算与效果分析、剩余支护承载力对普氏围岩压力支护效果的计算与分析;研究了U型钢支架的荷载-径向变形本构关系、提出了剩余支护承载力的概念、分析了支护结构支护围岩各类形变压力的支护机制。研究结果表明:(1)3种支护结构能提供的支护承载力ip(<1 MPa)相对于原岩应力0p(>10 MPa)来说量级太低,控制56 m及更大直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是无效的,但控制4 m直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是有效的;(2)对于直径达56 m及更大直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是无效的,但控制4 m直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是有效的;(2)对于直径达56 m甚至更大的巷道围岩,若支护结构的剩余支护承载力i2p能有效地被保存,则支护结构还可以起到有效地支护普氏围岩压力的作用。 相似文献
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通过研究传统新奥法充分利用和调动巷道围岩强度及其自身承载能力,依靠围岩支护共同作用原理来维护围岩的稳定性。对锚网支护作用机理进行研究,建立预应力锚杆的力学模型,发现高强预应力锚杆的锚固力与围岩性质、锚固方式、锚杆杆体和围岩应力等因素有关;同时分析了锚网支护与围岩共同作用机理,并应用FLAC对锚网支护机理进行研究,发现锚网支护与围岩形成压缩拱,依靠压缩拱来抵抗围岩应力,进而维护巷道围岩的稳定。通过在小官庄铁矿进行试验,在小官庄铁矿41联巷采用高强预应力锚网支护,取消喷射混凝土,巷道围岩变形量比较小,锚网支护能够维护高应力破裂岩体围岩的稳定,在同类矿山中具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献