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1.
陇西黄土高原陆面蒸散的遥感研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
该文以陆面能量平衡过程为基础,基于定量遥感的理论,提出了适合半干旱区(陇西黄土高原)的陆面蒸散估算遥感模型(SEBS)。结合该区域的NOAA/AVHRR数据、气象观测数据、土地利用数据和地形高程(DEM)数据,依据定量遥感的理论和技术,计算反照率、陆面温度、植被指数和地表比辐射率四个重要地表特征参数。应用SEBS模型,估算了该区域的陆面蒸散量。结果表明：该研究具有较好的理论和实践意义,为陆面过程、植被生产、生态环境保护与生态重建等研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
博斯腾湖水面蒸发量初步估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大水面蒸发量计算是国内外水文工作多年一直探索的问题。因各地气候的差异性,蒸发量的多少与折算比值(K)都不尽相同。博斯腾湖(以下简称博湖)水面蒸发量以前均为借用外地资料或公式计算的估算值,对其估算值的正确与否没有一个较为准确的实测资料验证。本文就近年来在该湖所做的蒸发试验资料,对博湖水面蒸发量进行初步估算。 相似文献
3.
由于土壤特性和植被分布具有区域性,不同流域土壤有效厚度存在差异,进而影响土壤蓄水容量和陆面水碳等通量的时空分布。以湿润地区的东江流域,湿润、半湿润地区的淮河流域以及半湿润、半干旱地区的泾河流域为研究对象,采用LPJ动态植被模型,以水量平衡为目标率定土壤有效厚度,分析不同气候区典型流域土壤有效厚度以及土壤蓄水容量和陆面水碳通量（径流量R,实际蒸散发量ET和净初级生产力NPP）变化。结果表明：东江、淮河、泾河流域的土壤有效厚度分别为70 cm、90 cm和140 cm,土壤有效厚度和蓄水容量随着气候干旱程度增加而增加;土壤有效厚度的修正有效减低该模型水平衡误差,对陆面水碳通量模拟结果的影响程度与区域气候条件有关,湿润地区多年平均径流深和实际蒸散发修正前后变化显著,半湿润、半干旱地区NPP变化显著。研究成果为提高LPJ模型在不同气候区应用可靠性提供参考依据。 相似文献
4.
黄河三角洲造陆过程中的陆域水沙临界条件研究 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：26
黄河三角洲发育是河口区河流动力及陆域物质通量与海洋动力及海域物质通量相互作用的产物 ,三角洲造陆速率取决于上述两方面的对比关系。当上述两方面处于平衡时 ,三角洲造陆处于临界状态 ,即净造陆速率为零 ,与之相联系的入海泥沙量和径流量可视为黄河三角洲造陆过程的临界水沙条件。运用经验统计方法估算出 :当入海年沙量Qs为 2 78亿t/a、入海年水量Qw为 76 7亿m3时 ,或者当关系式 3 1934Qs+ 0 0 85 6Qw=17 94得到满足时 ,黄河三角洲造陆过程处于临界平衡状态。在黄河流域的环境管理中 ,应将上述两项临界值作为约束条件。黄河流域生态用水量的内涵应予以扩展 ,维持三角洲造陆平衡所必须的入海径流量 ,应作为黄河流域的生态用水量。 相似文献
5.
本文以器测法和经验公式法,从物理成因和公式的确定,探讨了古田站用蒸发器测量的水面蒸发量,换算为自然水体蒸发量,及以水文气象因子的资料,计算水面蒸发量. 在器测法中,以折算系数和统计相关两种不同方法,探讨折算系数的确定、时空变化规律、及其影响因素,分升、降温期,用数学函数建立蒸发池、器蒸发量间的关系公式. 在经验公式法中,探讨水面蒸发与湿度梯度、温度梯度和风速的关系,并建立其与水文气象因子的关系公式. 本文可供研究确定水面蒸发量参考.在同一个气候区内,以各已知要素资料,用其相应公式,计算水面蒸发量,可以得到满意的成果. 相似文献
6.
本文根据水量平衡原理,提出流域蓄水变量分层计算法,而使年陆地蒸发量计算式得解,从而获得了年陆地蒸发量系列的重要成果。 相似文献
7.
蒸发量是地球水热平衡的一个重要组成部分,是一个地方主要的水分支出项,它和一个地方的水分收入项的降水量,共同决定了一个地方的湿润状况。水面蒸发量支配着农田蒸散量。因此水面蒸发的研究是一项十分重要的工作。 目前,我国气象台站主要用20厘米口径的小型蒸发器测量水面蒸发。这种蒸发器测量的蒸发量比实际水面蒸发量偏大较多。以古田测站为例,多年平均小型观测的年蒸发 相似文献
8.
塔里木河流域水面蒸发折算系数分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
根据阿克苏上游水库1982-1987年,塔门镇2000-2002年同步观测的20m2水面蒸发池和直径20cm小型蒸发器水面蒸发资料,估算了直径20cm小型蒸发器对20m2水面蒸发池的水面蒸发折算系数,分析了其变化特征,并与北疆哈地坡及我国新蒙区年水面蒸发折算系数进行了对比。结果表明,塔里木盆地冻结期(4~10月)的水面蒸发虽然微弱,但不能忽略,水面蒸发折算系数在非冻结期逐月增大,年际变化较小,但呈现逐年下降的趋势。该结果可供塔里木河流域水量平衡研究、水资源评价、生态需水计算时参考。 相似文献
9.
高地下水埋深条件下的农田水热平衡试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了1991年在禹城站用五种方法,同时测定和计算小麦的蒸发量,结果发现:1)无论15分钟短时间的,或一日的,或长时期(20天)累计蒸发量,包文比能量平衡法的结果与涡旋相关法、空气动力学法、水量平衡法的结果十分接近。2)土壤蒸渗器所测的蒸发,比所有其他方法均显着偏低。3)证明了土壤蒸渗器本身的工作性能和称重系统是基本正常的。4)试验和计算说明地下水直接参与了对土壤水分补给和蒸发过程,它在水量平衡中的作用已达到30%.5)土壤蒸渗器结果偏低的原因是由于它完全切割了地下水的补给,在高地下水埋深的地方,是不适用的。禹城站新近安装的36吨大型土壤蒸渗器,可以模拟地下水变化,有待进一步的试验。 相似文献
10.
到达中国陆面的生物有效紫外线辐射强度分布 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
随着大气臭氧层的日趋变薄,估算到达陆面的太阳紫外线辐射变化,评估对人体健康的影响日趋成为环境健康研究的一个重要课题。基于DISORT辐射传输模型,从生物健康效应的角度提出了估算陆面有效紫外线辐射强度的方法,并采用LibRadtran软件包UVSPEC模型以及GIS空间分析技术模拟了2000年1月和7月到达中国陆面的生物有效紫外线辐射强度空间分布,讨论了臭氧、云量、地表反照率等因素对陆面生物有效紫外线辐射强度的影响,研究了基于云量、海拔数据修正陆面紫外线辐射的方法。另外,还系统分析了2000年1月、7月我国陆面生物有效紫外线辐射强度的空间分布特征,1月份辐射强度是低纬度较高,而7月份是中高纬度较高。UVA和UVB陆面辐射强度分布明显不同,特别是7月份,UVB辐射强度的高值区域较UVA明显偏向低纬度地区。UVB的生物有效辐射强度大约是UVA的6倍。 相似文献
11.
《The Professional geographer》1984,36(1):106-142
Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. 相似文献
12.
《The Professional geographer》1984,36(2):250-283
Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock. 相似文献
13.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):85-89
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):230-260
Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford . 相似文献
17.
Raanan Katzir 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(6):0767-0768
Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing. 相似文献
18.
《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):94-129
Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan. 相似文献
19.
《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):85-94
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
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