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1.
<正> 四川盆地下、中三叠统蒸发岩中,分布有较多的杂卤石和微量-少量的无水钾镁矾、硫镁矾等钾镁盐矿物,对它们的成因进行研究,一直是研究四川盆地成钾条件的重要课题。一、地层及含盐系概况下、中三叠统主要由碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩构成,局部发育有紫红色碎屑岩,地层划分及岩性如表1。其中,嘉陵江组二段、四段、五段上部和雷口坡组(或巴东组)一段下部及上部、雷口坡组三段、四段为蒸发岩系,其间为浅海石灰岩(有的夹白云岩)。上述蒸发岩系相应称为嘉 相似文献
2.
刚果(布)西南部布谷马西地区属于热带雨林气候,拥有非洲大陆西部边缘重要的白垩纪钾盐矿床,属于典型的裂谷成钾盆地。经矿物学研究表明,主要的蒸发岩矿物类型为石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石、溢晶石、石膏、硬石膏等。蒸发岩矿物沉积序列为石膏、硬石膏(多数旋回缺失)→石盐→光卤石→钾石盐(次生)→溢晶石或水氯镁石。通过蒸发岩矿物沉积特征和微量元素的分析认为,在白垩纪时期布谷马西地区处于长期的高温干旱环境,有利于卤水蒸发、浓缩而形成盐类矿物沉积。 相似文献
3.
杂卤石(K2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O)是一种复盐,为盐类矿产中分布较为广泛的一种含钾矿物,在四川盆地三叠纪蒸发岩中广泛发育,并经常和其它钾镁盐矿物密切共生。由于杂卤石较其它钾镁盐矿物的溶解度低,易于残存保留,因此常被作为寻找钾盐矿床的重要标志和线索。其中南充盐盆嘉陵江组五段-雷口坡组一段(T1j5-T2l1)的杂卤石分布面积最广,剖面揭露较完整,主要和纹层状硬石膏及菱镁矿、岩盐、“绿豆岩”等岩类共生,组成各种韵律层,根据岩矿鉴定、化学分析杂卤石还往往伴有微量的硫镁矾、无水钾镁矾等钾镁盐矿物。因此研究四川盆地三叠纪杂卤石分布特征、形成条件,对进一步寻找钾盐和指出找钾方向具有重要实际意义。 相似文献
4.
<正> 早已查明含钾盐类建造有钾盐和钾镁盐成分完全不同的两种类型:第一类为氧化物型。盐类矿物只有钾石盐和光卤石:第二类为硫酸盐型。在该种类型中,除了钾石盐和光卤石以外尚有硫镁矾、杂卤石、钾盐镁矾,无水钾镁矾等硫酸盐。据推测(1962;等,1978),这些建造形成于主要是海水补给的含盐海盆,同时,海水的成分是不变化的(至少在前寒武纪以后),其聚盐的古地理环境及大洋与陆地(由表生带)补给之间的相互关系,是在这类盆地中产生含钾盐类建造成矿特殊性的主要原因。但是其他因素在这种 相似文献
5.
刚果(布)布谷马西钾盐矿床盐类矿物特征与成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刚果(布)布谷马西钾盐矿床位于非洲大陆西部边缘,是白垩纪时期沉积的大型钾盐矿床。文章运用X射线衍射、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和岩石地球化学等方法,识别出布谷马西钾盐矿的主要盐类矿物有硬石膏、石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石和溢晶石。盐类矿物的沉积顺序为:硬石膏→石盐→光卤石→钾石盐→水氯镁石或溢晶石。该矿区的成盐物质主要来源于海水,盐类沉积物中贫碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物,可能与白垩纪"方解石海"的海水成分密切相关。矿区中的钾石盐主要是由光卤石淋滤形成。 相似文献
6.
非洲下刚果盆地钾盐矿床特征、沉积旋回与沉积模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
下刚果盆地位于西非大陆边缘,形成于南美大陆与非洲大陆裂开初期,大西洋打开之时,在早白垩世形成了巨型钾盐矿床。文章在盆地内布谷马西矿区钻孔的岩芯编录的基础上,结合岩相学、地球化学和沉积韵律等研究,探究钾盐矿床沉积特征和盆地内蒸发岩沉积旋回,并总结了矿床沉积模式。下刚果盆地总体较平缓,西南低,北东高,自盆地边缘向中部,沉积厚度逐渐增大,钾盐矿床赋存于下白垩统Aptian阶蒸发岩系中。蒸发岩系主要由石盐岩与光卤石岩互层构成,局部夹(含水氯镁石)溢晶石岩、石膏岩和黑色碳质页岩夹层。矿床由多层水平_近水平层状矿体组成,单层矿体厚度几米至几十米,矿层比较稳定,延续范围广,主要矿层——光卤石层累计厚度超过100 m。主要矿石类型为光卤石型,仅局部为钾石盐型。矿石品位高,KCl平均品位为16.49%。成盐盆地在早白垩世只有一个成盐期,含盐系即为Ⅰ级韵律;根据沉积特征,又可划分为8个Ⅱ级盐韵律和若干个Ⅲ级盐韵律。整个成盐期总体沉积环境较稳定,未出现蒸发岩序列中断,但受地面的沉降变化和海水周期性灌入的影响,出现了石盐与光卤石的韵律互层沉积。下刚果盆地内蒸发岩沉积序列与正常的海相蒸发岩不同,底部缺乏碳酸盐和硫酸盐地层,指示其成钾物质来源于经过一定程度蒸发浓缩的古海水。在上述研究的基础上,结合成盐期盆地岩相古地理与构造条件,总结出下刚果盆地裂谷型钾盐矿床沉积模式。 相似文献
7.
四川盆地三叠系蒸发岩的变质作用与富钾卤水的成因 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在四川盆地三叠系蒸发岩建造中已发现钾盐镁矾、无水钾镁矾、软钾镁矾、杂卤石、钾石膏、多钙钾石膏、钙芒硝等矿物,并在多处发现富钾卤水。已有的资料表明,这些矿物组合是已沉积的固体钾盐层在成岩期水溶变质作用过程中形成的变质矿物组合。在此过程中大量的钾质转入水溶液,形成了富钾卤水。这种富钾卤水是可综合利用的ＫＣｌ、ＮａＣｌ和Ｌｉ、Ｓｒ、Ｃｓ、Ｒｂ、Ｂ、Ｂｒ、Ｉ的优质盐化工业原料卤水。 相似文献
8.
<正> 潜江凹陷是白垩—第三纪的江汉盆地中的次一级继承性凹陷。凹陷内的潜江组(渐新统)盐系地层是一套内陆盐湖相巨厚沉积。盐系地层厚达3500米以上,其中盐类岩石累积厚度达1800米,并广泛分布有钾钠镁的硫酸盐复盐矿物,如无水钠镁矾、钠镁矾、盐镁芒硝、钾芒硝、无水钾镁矾等(图1)。由钾芒硝和无水钾镁矾组成的钾盐矿床,属于一种新的矿床类型。研究该矿床矿物的形成条件,共生组合及其在剖面上的变化规律,对于查明这类矿物的沉积条件和形成过程,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。 相似文献
9.
潜江凹陷是自垩—第三纪的江汉盆地中次一级的继承性凹陷.凹陷内潜江组(渐新统)盐系地层是一套巨厚的内陆盐湖沉积.盐系地层厚达3500米以上,其中盐类岩石累计厚度达1800米,并广泛分布有钾钠镁的硫酸盐复盐矿物,如无水钠镁矾、钠镁矾、盐镁芒硝、钾芒硝、无水钾镁矾等(图1).由钾芒硝和无水钾镁矾组成的钾矿层,在钾盐矿床中属于一种新的矿床类型.研究这些矿物的形成条件,共生组合及其在剖面上的变化规律,对于查明该盐矿床的沉积条件和形成过程,具有一定的理论和现实意义. 相似文献
10.
鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起东侧奥陶系是海相固体钾盐矿的重要靶区。本文在岩心、测井和地震等资料的基础上,开展了该地区马家沟组中组合(马五~5~马五~(10)亚段)的沉积微相、蒸发岩分布、蒸发岩形成机制和保存条件研究。结果表明:马家沟组中组合总体为局限台地环境,可进一步划分出潮坪、潮缘滩、外潟湖、内潟湖等沉积微相,各微相沿古隆起呈环带状展布,内潟湖是含钾蒸发岩的主要形成环境;内潟湖沉积具有明显的旋回性,马五~6、马五~8、马五~(10)时期为海退蒸发环境,以蒸发岩和白云岩为主,马五~5、马五~7、马五~9时期为海侵环境,以灰岩为主;海退期,向心浓缩作用形成了大型米脂蒸发盐盆,进一步在"深水成盐"机制下沉积了大量厚层含钾蒸发岩系;岩溶地貌与含钾蒸发岩系分布的关系表明含钾蒸发岩系主体分布于岩溶盆地内幕。印支期岩溶作用的强度和深度分析进一步显示古岩溶作用在岩溶盆地范围内基本未破坏到马家沟组中组合的含钾蒸发岩系,具备了钾盐矿的沉积和保存条件。 相似文献
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The Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Mallowa Salt of the Carribuddy Group, Canning Basin, north-west Australia, is the largest halite deposit known in Australia, attaining thicknesses of 800 m or more within an area of approximately 200 000 km2. Study of 675 m of drill core from BHP-Utah Minerals’ Brooke No. 1 well in the Willara Sub-basin indicates that the Mallowa Salt accumulated within a saltern (dominantly subaqueous evaporite water body) that was subject to recurrent freshening, desiccation and exposure. Textures and bromine signatures imply a shallow water to ephemeral hypersaline environment typified by increasing salinity and shallowing into evaporitic mudflat conditions toward the top of halite-mudstone cycles (Type 2) and the less common dolomite/anhydrite-halite-mudstone cycles (Type 1). The borate mineral priceite occurs in the capping mudstones of some cycles, reinforcing the idea of an increasing continental influence toward the top of mudstone-capped halite cycles. The rock salt in both Type 1 and Type 2 cycles typically comprises a mosaic of large, randomly orientated, interlocking halite crystals that formed during early diagenesis. It only partially preserves a primary sedimentary fabric of vertically elongate crystals, some with remnant aligned chevrons. Intraformational hiati, halite karst tubes and solution pits attest to episodic dissolution. Stacked Type 2 cycles dominate; occasional major recharges of less saline, perhaps marine, waters in the same area produced Type I cycles. The envisaged saltern conditions were comparable in many ways to those prevailing during the deposition of halite cycles of the Permian Salado Formation in New Mexico and the Permian San Andres Formation of the Palo Duro Basin area in Texas. However, in the Canning Basin the cycles are characterized by a much lower proportion of anhydrite, implying perhaps a greater degree of continental restriction to the basin. The moderately high level of bromine in the Mallowa Salt (156·5 ± 43·5 ppm Br for primary halite, 146·1 ± 54·7 ppm Br for secondary halite) accords with evolved continental brines, although highly evaporative minerals such as polyhalite and magnesite are absent. The bromine levels suggest little or no dissolution/reprecipitation of primary halite and yet, paradoxically, there is little preservation of the primary depositional fabric. The preservation of early halite cements and replacement textures supports the idea of an early shutdown of brine flow paths, probably at burial depths of no more than a few metres, and the resultant preservation of primary bromine values in the secondary halite. 相似文献
12.
Ralf E. Krupp 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(17):4283-4299
The evolution of magnesium chloride brines with high bromide contents via a multistage reaction and dissolution process has been studied in brine seeps of a German potash mine. The observed chemical trends and phase equilibria can be modeled and interpreted in terms of a NaCl solution (cap rock brine) infiltrating into a potash zone characterized by the metamorphic mineral assemblage kieserite + sylvite + halite + anhydrite. Establishment of a persistent, stable equilibrium assemblage and constant fluid composition in the invariant point IP1 of the six component (Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO4-H2O) system of oceanic salts is prevented by the perpetually renewed input of NaCl-brine and by the intermittent exposure of incompatible kieserite. Instead, the solutions develop towards the metastable invariant point IP1(gy), with the mineral assemblage carnallite + polyhalite + sylvite + halite + gypsum, where gypsum takes the place of anhydrite (stage I). The temporary exposure of kieserite and the ensuing formation of polyhalite effectively buffer the solutions along the metastable polyhalite phase boundary during stages II and III. Eventually, in stage IV, polyhalite becomes depleted and admixture of more NaCl brine leads to low sulfate solution compositions, which are now only constrained by carnallite + sylvite + halite, and the once hexary system degenerates to a quaternary one (Na-K-Mg-Cl-H2O) in point E. Bromide in brines shows equilibrium partitioning with respect to the wall rock minerals. The pattern of evolving brine compositions may serve as a model for similar brine occurrences, which in some cases may have been misinterpreted as remains of fossil, highly concentrated and chemically modified seawater. Similar magnesium chloride brines of salt lakes (e.g., Dead Sea, Dabusun Lake) show subtle differences and are constrained by fewer mineral equilibria (more degrees of freedom), and their low sulfate contents are due to gypsum precipitation, driven by calcium chloride input from dolomitization reactions. Finally, the observed reaction sequence is generalized, and a model for the formation of magnesium sulfate depleted, chloride-type potash salts and bischofite deposits by leaching of sulfate-type evaporites is proposed. 相似文献
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SUMMARY
Study of 176 ft. (53.7 m) of core from the Arab/Darb Formation of the Umm Shaif Field, Abu Dhabi Marine Areas, has revealed a sequence of sediments which can be related to nine distinct cycles of sabkha formation. The sabkha cycle consists of a basal algal grainstone/boundstone (which is interpreted as a shoal) passing upwards through lagoonal dolomite, intertidal algal mat and into a final supratidal development of nodular anhydrite and associated dolomite. Dolomiti-sation and the formation of nodular anhydrite were early-stage products of diagenesis. Poikilotopic anhydrite is common in the lagoonal dolomites but it is thought that this was not formed until the sediment was completely lithified.
Stylolites, although of small amplitude, are more common in dolomite than in limestone; a generalisation which is at variance with earlier observations. 相似文献
Study of 176 ft. (53.7 m) of core from the Arab/Darb Formation of the Umm Shaif Field, Abu Dhabi Marine Areas, has revealed a sequence of sediments which can be related to nine distinct cycles of sabkha formation. The sabkha cycle consists of a basal algal grainstone/boundstone (which is interpreted as a shoal) passing upwards through lagoonal dolomite, intertidal algal mat and into a final supratidal development of nodular anhydrite and associated dolomite. Dolomiti-sation and the formation of nodular anhydrite were early-stage products of diagenesis. Poikilotopic anhydrite is common in the lagoonal dolomites but it is thought that this was not formed until the sediment was completely lithified.
Stylolites, although of small amplitude, are more common in dolomite than in limestone; a generalisation which is at variance with earlier observations. 相似文献
14.
鄂尔多斯盆地南部下奥陶统马家沟组沉积特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
依据鄂尔多斯盆地南部早奥陶世古构造、古地理、古水动力以及古气候背景,结合单井、野外露头沉积相分析等认为,秦岭海槽和中央古隆起的存在和演化控制盆地南部马家沟组沉积特征及演化。(1)平面上根据中央古隆起的障壁作用将其分为两大沉积区,西南区和东北区。西南区发育盆地—斜坡—台地边缘相,东北区为障壁潟湖沉积环境;(2)东北区马家沟组由"三云三灰"六段组成,马一、马三、马五段为白云岩、石膏和石盐组成的蒸发岩系,马二、马四、马六段为石灰岩夹白云岩的碳酸盐岩序列,在纵向上构成蒸发岩与碳酸盐岩间互的旋回性沉积。在此基础上进一步建立了马家沟组障壁潟湖沉积模式,该模式具有两个主要特征:(1)中央古隆起作为障壁控制秦岭海与潟湖之间的海水沟通;(2)依据海平面升降旋回将该模式动态地分为三个阶段,即与海侵期相对应的以石灰岩沉积为主的障壁潟湖沉积阶段(阶段Ⅰ)、与海退期相对应的以石灰岩夹蒸发岩沉积为主的障壁咸化潟湖沉积阶段(阶段Ⅱ)和与低海平面期对应的以膏盐岩沉积为主的障壁膏盐湖沉积阶段(阶段Ⅲ)。 相似文献
15.
蔡希斯坦盆地二叠纪钾盐成矿条件和资源开发利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者对德国几个在产钾盐矿山实地考,察以及与德国钾盐研究机构的技术交流,并结合大量文献资料,对德国钾盐地质条件、开发现状以及开采技术的发展进行综述,为国内找钾和钾盐的综合开发利用提供借鉴。德国钾盐产于上二叠纪蔡希斯坦盆地(Zechstein Basin),位于相对稳定的陆块浅海陆架区,主要通过浅陆棚阶段和次深陆棚阶段形成。蔡希斯坦盆地已识别出8个盐沉积旋回(Z1-Z8),每个旋回的沉积方式大致相同,沉积层序自下而上通常为:碎屑岩→碳酸盐→硬石膏→岩盐→钾盐层→硬石膏顶板。德国二叠纪超大型钾盐盆地的发现,表明海相沉积盆地是地球的可溶性钾盐主要储存库,印证了海相钾盐常形成于次盆地中。同时,通过对钾盐层顶底板和钾盐样品的化学分析,研究特定元素(Br、Rb)的变化,作为国内找钾的指标。钾盐的开采主要分为旱采法和水采法2种,传统上以旱采法为主,但随着技术的进步,水采法相对旱采法有诸多优势。 相似文献
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云南毛坪和会泽铅锌矿床是川滇黔碳酸盐岩型铅锌成矿域的重要组成部分,是滇东北铅锌矿集区内两个最具代表性的超大型矿床。靠近铅锌矿体常见透镜状、囊状产出的蚀变围岩,因呈麻点状而被俗称为“麻石”,空间上与断裂、矿化结伴出现,是重要找矿标志。本文以这种麻点状的蚀变围岩为主要研究对象,通过大比例尺坑道剖面精细测量、岩相分析、电子探针分析、X射线微区衍射分析、主量—微量元素分析,研究其物质组成、组构特征及形成过程。根据组构特征将蚀变围岩分为两类,Ⅰ类呈砂糖状,矿物颗粒主要为粗晶结构(0.5~1 mm)的白云石和方解石,被褐色伊利石等黏土矿物胶结;Ⅱ类呈斑点状,矿物颗粒主要为巨晶结构(1~3 mm)的方解石和白云石,重结晶现象明显,被黑色泥质和有机质胶结。通过手标本观察、镜下鉴定和综合分析,将Ⅰ类蚀变围岩定名为弱大理岩化粗晶泥质白云岩,Ⅱ类蚀变围岩定名为去白云石化巨晶灰岩。两类蚀变围岩的主量元素特征相比,Ⅰ类中SiO2、Al2O3、K2O含量较高。微量元素特征显示两类蚀变围岩中主要矿化元素(Zn、Pb)明显富集。稀土元素特征显示,Ⅰ类中稀土元素含量均高于Ⅱ类,其中Ⅱ类与矿化白云岩稀土元素特征相似。两类蚀变围岩是同一流体系统不同阶段的产物,构建其成岩作用模式:弱大理岩化粗晶泥质白云岩(Ⅰ类)的原岩为钙质泥岩,高盐度卤水下渗,在岩性界面处与泥岩和白云岩反应形成泥质白云岩,沉积稳定后受构造运动影响,热液流体沿断裂上升,在有利地段形成泥质白云岩大理岩化(结构上改变);去白云石化巨晶灰岩(Ⅱ类)比弱大理岩化粗晶泥质白云岩(Ⅰ类)蚀变更强烈,经历矿化、大理岩化作用和去白云石化(结构和成分上改变)而形成。综合分析认为两类蚀变围岩与铅锌矿体在时间、空间、成矿物质和成矿流体等方面都具有密切的成因联系,提出大理岩化、去白云石化作用对该类矿床成矿与找矿均具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
18.
碳酸盐岩的声波特性研究及其应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于岩溶地区碳酸盐岩试样室内声波测试分析发现: ( 1)泥质灰岩和角砾状灰岩的波速比普通灰岩、灰质白云岩比一般白云岩和角砾白云岩的高。( 2)灰岩的声波、密度略大于白云岩的声波、密度,灰岩的动弹性模量、剪切模量和体积模量也比白云岩大。( 3)溶蚀程度和微小结构面对碳酸盐岩中波的传播速度影响较大,灰岩波速随风化程度的提高而降低。( 4)纵、横波速与岩石的密度具有线性关系,利用密度、波速、纵横波速比或泊松比可初步判断碳酸盐岩在岩性上的差别。( 5)声波测试和单轴抗压强度试验求得的岩石的弹性模量具有一定的相关性,利用声波测试结果可以推求实际工程中计算、设计所需的力学参数。 相似文献
19.
The Jubaila Formation (Upper Jurassic) in central Saudi Arabia has been divided into lower, middle, and upper parts purely on lithologic grounds. Each part consists of a major lower unit of lime mudstone and a minor upper unit of grainstone. This persistent change in the limestone facies is interpreted as a reflection of repeated shoaling up in the depositional shelf environment. It is a normal marine carbonate sequence that varies in thickness from 85 to 126 m. In the Hanifa Formation, the lowermost brown ledges in the section comprise a series of coarsening upward sequences which generally terminate in a fossiliferous/peloidal packstone and grainstone and subordinately lime mudstone facies. The middle slope member is yellow, blocky weathered shale and marl. Above this slope member are several thick beds of brown-coated fossiliferous wackestone, packstone, and grainstone with the association of lime mudstone in certain levels. These are fairly resistant ledges due to the occurrence of stromatoporoids. Dedolomitization occurs in the Jubaila Formation in various textural forms which include composite calcite rhombohedra, zonal dedolomitization, regeneration of predolomitization fabric of the limestone, and coarsely crystalline calcite mosaics with or without ferric oxide rhombic zones. Rhombohedral pores commonly occur in intimate association with dolomite, possibly resulting from the leaching of calcitized dolomite rhombohedra. The regional dedolomitization was most likely brought about by calcium sulfate solutions reacting with dolomites. The source of sulfate solutions is the dissolved anhydrite deposits of the Arab–Hith Formations, sometime before their erosion, and it takes place at or near an exposed surface. The Hanifa Formation shows various diagenetic features. These include dolomitization, dedolomitization, micritization, cementation, and recrystallization. Most of the examined samples of the Hanifa carbonates are dolomitized and subsequently dedolomitized as evidenced by the presence of iron-coated dolomite rhombs partially or completely calcitized. Dolomite also occurs in the lime mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone facies, while leaching of wackestone and packstone and dedolomitization of dolomite and dolomitic limestone followed by recrystallization are common processes. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地(简称塔,下同)西南凹陷古新世阿尔塔什组发育巨厚层海相石膏岩,夹薄层泥岩、粉砂岩及灰岩,是塔西南凹陷断续海侵环境下多期次蒸发沉积的产物。野外调查显示,该层海相石膏岩出现于皮拉里、阿尔塔什、麻扎塔格及大山口地区的阿尔塔什组露头剖面。石膏岩在凹陷内分布广泛,在西昆仑山前、南天山山前及麦盖提斜坡带均有发育且沉积厚度比较稳定。石膏岩中主要盐类矿物为石膏、硬石膏。扫描电镜分析发现,石膏岩中尚含石盐、钙芒硝及含钾镁的硫酸盐等;石膏岩样品中石盐、石膏、硬石膏等多呈细晶或自形微晶,推测阿尔塔什组沉积期,古盐湖曾出现过富钾卤水;通过对皮拉里剖面石膏岩样品进行地球化学分析,揭示该地区古新世古盐湖演化过程中出现2个相对富钾峰值。在古盐湖演化过程中,由于多期次特提斯海水的侵入,凹陷内部阿尔塔时期发育了碎屑岩—巨厚层石膏岩—碎屑岩的沉积韵律,古盐湖卤水表现为淡—咸—淡的变化规律。伴随着阿尔塔时期4次大规模的海侵,石膏岩沉积从西昆仑山前扩展到麦盖提斜坡地带,海侵范围也逐渐扩大。在阿尔塔什组顶部发育中厚层灰岩,显示在阿尔塔什组沉积晚期,塔西南凹陷沉积环境从●湖相逐渐向浅海相环境演变。 相似文献