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1.
Cities are not only major contributors to global climate change but also stand at the forefront of climate change impact. Quantifying and assessing the risk potentially induced by climate change has great significance for cities to undertake positive climate adaptation and risk prevention. However, most of the previous studies focus on global, national or regional dimensions, only a few have attempted to examine climate change risk at an urban scale and even less in the case of a recent literature review. As a result, a quantitative assessment of climate change risk for cities remains highly challenging. To fill this gap, the article makes a critical review of the recent literature on urban-scale climate change risk assessment, and classifies them into four major categories of studies which jointly constitute a stepwise modelling chain from global climate change towards urban-scale risk assessment. On this basis, the study summarizes the updated research progresses and discusses the major challenges to be overcome for the seamless coupling of climate simulation between different scales, the reproduction of compound climate events, the incorporation of non-market and long-lasting impacts and the representation of risk transmission insides or beyond a city. Furthermore, future directions to advance quantitative assessment of urban-scale climate change risk are highlighted, with fresh insights into improving study methodology, enriching knowledge of climate change impact on city, enhancing abundance and accessibility to data, and exploring the best practice to provide city-specific climate risk service. 相似文献
2.
Cities are not only major contributors to global climate change but also stand at the forefront of climate change impact. Quantifying and assessing the risk potentially induced by climate change has great significance for cities to undertake positive climate adaptation and risk prevention. However, most of the previous studies focus on global, national or regional dimensions, only a few have attempted to examine climate change risk at an urban scale and even less in the case of a recent literature review. As a result, a quantitative assessment of climate change risk for cities remains highly challenging. To fill this gap, the article makes a critical review of the recent literature on urban-scale climate change risk assessment, and classifies them into four major categories of studies which jointly constitute a stepwise modelling chain from global climate change towards urban-scale risk assessment. On this basis, the study summarizes the updated research progresses and discusses the major challenges to be overcome for the seamless coupling of climate simulation between different scales, the reproduction of compound climate events, the incorporation of non-market and long-lasting impacts and the representation of risk transmission insides or beyond a city. Furthermore, future directions to advance quantitative assessment of urban-scale climate change risk are highlighted, with fresh insights into improving study methodology, enriching knowledge of climate change impact on city, enhancing abundance and accessibility to data, and exploring the best practice to provide city-specific climate risk service. 相似文献
3.
Cities are not only major contributors to global climate change but also stand at the forefront of climate change impact. Quantifying and assessing the risk potentially induced by climate change has great significance for cities to undertake positive climate adaptation and risk prevention. However, most of the previous studies focus on global, national or regional dimensions, only a few have attempted to examine climate change risk at an urban scale and even less in the case of a recent literature review. As a result, a quantitative assessment of climate change risk for cities remains highly challenging. To fill this gap, the article makes a critical review of the recent literature on urban-scale climate change risk assessment, and classifies them into four major categories of studies which jointly constitute a stepwise modelling chain from global climate change towards urban-scale risk assessment. On this basis, the study summarizes the updated research progresses and discusses the major challenges to be overcome for the seamless coupling of climate simulation between different scales, the reproduction of compound climate events, the incorporation of non-market and long-lasting impacts and the representation of risk transmission insides or beyond a city. Furthermore, future directions to advance quantitative assessment of urban-scale climate change risk are highlighted, with fresh insights into improving study methodology, enriching knowledge of climate change impact on city, enhancing abundance and accessibility to data, and exploring the best practice to provide city-specific climate risk service. 相似文献
4.
Cities are not only major contributors to global climate change but also stand at the forefront of climate change impact. Quantifying and assessing the risk potentially induced by climate change has great significance for cities to undertake positive climate adaptation and risk prevention. However, most of the previous studies focus on global, national or regional dimensions, only a few have attempted to examine climate change risk at an urban scale and even less in the case of a recent literature review. As a result, a quantitative assessment of climate change risk for cities remains highly challenging. To fill this gap, the article makes a critical review of the recent literature on urban-scale climate change risk assessment, and classifies them into four major categories of studies which jointly constitute a stepwise modelling chain from global climate change towards urban-scale risk assessment. On this basis, the study summarizes the updated research progresses and discusses the major challenges to be overcome for the seamless coupling of climate simulation between different scales, the reproduction of compound climate events, the incorporation of non-market and long-lasting impacts and the representation of risk transmission insides or beyond a city. Furthermore, future directions to advance quantitative assessment of urban-scale climate change risk are highlighted, with fresh insights into improving study methodology, enriching knowledge of climate change impact on city, enhancing abundance and accessibility to data, and exploring the best practice to provide city-specific climate risk service. 相似文献
5.
Cities are not only major contributors to global climate change but also stand at the forefront of climate change impact. Quantifying and assessing the risk potentially induced by climate change has great significance for cities to undertake positive climate adaptation and risk prevention. However, most of the previous studies focus on global, national or regional dimensions, only a few have attempted to examine climate change risk at an urban scale and even less in the case of a recent literature review. As a result, a quantitative assessment of climate change risk for cities remains highly challenging. To fill this gap, the article makes a critical review of the recent literature on urban-scale climate change risk assessment, and classifies them into four major categories of studies which jointly constitute a stepwise modelling chain from global climate change towards urban-scale risk assessment. On this basis, the study summarizes the updated research progresses and discusses the major challenges to be overcome for the seamless coupling of climate simulation between different scales, the reproduction of compound climate events, the incorporation of non-market and long-lasting impacts and the representation of risk transmission insides or beyond a city. Furthermore, future directions to advance quantitative assessment of urban-scale climate change risk are highlighted, with fresh insights into improving study methodology, enriching knowledge of climate change impact on city, enhancing abundance and accessibility to data, and exploring the best practice to provide city-specific climate risk service. 相似文献
6.
Cities are not only major contributors to global climate change but also stand at the forefront of climate change impact. Quantifying and assessing the risk potentially induced by climate change has great significance for cities to undertake positive climate adaptation and risk prevention. However, most of the previous studies focus on global, national or regional dimensions, only a few have attempted to examine climate change risk at an urban scale and even less in the case of a recent literature review. As a result, a quantitative assessment of climate change risk for cities remains highly challenging. To fill this gap, the article makes a critical review of the recent literature on urban-scale climate change risk assessment, and classifies them into four major categories of studies which jointly constitute a stepwise modelling chain from global climate change towards urban-scale risk assessment. On this basis, the study summarizes the updated research progresses and discusses the major challenges to be overcome for the seamless coupling of climate simulation between different scales, the reproduction of compound climate events, the incorporation of non-market and long-lasting impacts and the representation of risk transmission insides or beyond a city. Furthermore, future directions to advance quantitative assessment of urban-scale climate change risk are highlighted, with fresh insights into improving study methodology, enriching knowledge of climate change impact on city, enhancing abundance and accessibility to data, and exploring the best practice to provide city-specific climate risk service. 相似文献
7.
The world has been undergoing a remarkable process of urbanization, especially in developing countries in recent years. The urbanization process has brought about great urban development and large population agglomeration, changes in production and lifestyle, and man-made disturbances such as greenhouse gas and pollution emissions. As the global urbanization process continues to advance, its impact on climate change continues to strengthen significantly. This paper mainly reviewed and summarized relevant researches from two aspects: the influence of urbanization on climate change and the mechanism of influence of urbanization on climate change. Urbanization causes regional warming and urban heat island effect, extreme events such as high temperature, heat wave and heavy rainfall increase in frequency, and also leads to increased urban flood risk. The increase of pollutant emission in the process of urbanization is the main cause of air quality deterioration. Urbanization also has an indirect impact on air quality by changing urban climate. Urbanization has an important impact on climatic factors such as relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine and cloud cover. The impacts of urbanization on climate change are mainly realized through underlying surface changes, greenhouse gas and pollution emissions, anthropogenic heat emissions and urban high heat capacity. Urbanization not only directly affects the regional/local climate, but also indirectly affects the regional/local climate by promoting global climate change. Therefore, the impact of urbanization on climate change has a global and regional multi-scale superposition effect. 相似文献
8.
Climate change has become a major global concern and threatens the security of natural environmental resources, including groundwater, especially for Cambodia. In this study, literature reviews related to climate change and groundwater resources in Cambodia were evaluated to address the impact of climate change on the groundwater environment. In Cambodia, global climate change will likely affect available water resources by driving changes in the groundwater recharge and usage pattern. Despite a general increase in the mean annual rainfall, a reduction in rainfall is anticipated during the dry season, which could lead to shortages of fresh water during the dry season. The impact of climate change on water resource environments can significantly affect national economic development. Thus, strategic management plansfor groundwater in response to climate change should be established to ensure the security of water resources in Cambodia. 相似文献
9.
Zeng Jingjing Qu Jiansheng Pei Huijuan Dong Liping Liao Qin Liu Yanfei Zhang Zhiqiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1210-1217
The international climate change negotiation has been carried out over 20 years. The issue of climate change has shifted from a scientific question into a complex political matter which is related to the sustainable development of mankind. Based on the overview of major processes and stages of international climate conferences, this paper analyzed the key measures that major countries have taken to address climate change, as well as the primary tasks of Paris climate conference and recent international actions. The recent international climate policy issues were also analyzed in order to provide suggestions for China’s activel participation in the development of a new round of international climate change system. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原气候系统变化及其对东亚区域的影响与机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原地区特殊的大气圈、水圈、冰冻圈、生物圈等多圈层相互作用过程及其变化,不仅对青藏高原及其周边地区的气候格局和变化有重要影响,而且对东亚、北半球乃至全球的环流形势和异常产生深远影响。为此,全球变化研究重大科学研究计划于2010年9月启动了"青藏高原气候系统变化及其对东亚区域的影响与机制研究"项目,旨在开展青藏高原环境、地表过程、生态系统对全球变化的响应及其对周边地区人类生存环境影响的综合交叉研究,以揭示青藏高原气候系统变化及其对东亚区域的影响机制,提出前瞻性的应对气候变化与异常的策略,减少其导致的区域自然灾害的损失。项目实施近3年来,开展了青藏高原首次"星—机—地"综合立体协同观测试验和大规模地气相互作用综合观测试验。在遥感结合地面观测估算青藏高原地表特征参数和能量通量方法,高原地区上对流层和下平流层结构,高原季风与东亚季风和南亚季风之间的内在联系,中国及青藏高原地区太阳辐射和风速的年代际变化趋势,青藏高原春季感热源减弱及其对亚洲夏季风和中国东部降水的影响,以及极高海拔地区土地覆被格局等方面取得了一些突出进展。 相似文献
11.
Xiaodan Guan Rui Shi Xiangning Kong Jingchen Liu Zewen Gan Jieru Ma Wen Luo Chenyu Cao 《地球科学进展》2018,33(10):995-1004
The semi-arid region, as a key part of global land, plays an important role in climate change. In the process of modern climate change, the semi-arid region is significantly affected by local human activities, showing remarkable expansion and obvious decadal variations. In this paper, we summarized the studies of the land-atmosphere interaction in the semi-arid regions in recent years, and major land surface observation plans. We put emphasis on energy balance, water cycle, carbon cycle in land-atmosphere interaction of climate change, and their performance in historical simulation and future prediction. The prediction results illustrate that new character of land-atmosphere interaction will appear as the drying of drylands in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of land-atmosphere interaction and move forward energetically on research in regional climate from different aspects. 相似文献
12.
为了探索极端气候事件引发重大地质灾害的综合减灾防灾战略,提高主动减灾防灾的科技能力与管理水平,积极应对全球变化条件下中国地质灾害防治面临的挑战,本文在"全球灾变事件与重大地质灾害减灾战略研究会"与会专家汇报和讨论的基础上,结合近年来国内重大地质灾害事件,从新构造与地震活动,气候变化,人口与城镇化进程三个方面开展分析,试图探讨我国2010年重大地质灾害多发,群发的原因,并对我国地质灾害今后面临的总体形势做出宏观研判。综合分析认为:①近年来全球构造运动和地震活动进入一个新的相对活跃期,我国处于欧亚地震带和环太平洋地震带的交汇区,是现今构造地震活动强烈响应区,尤其是印度板块的强烈活动,使青藏高原周缘地区的地震活动频繁,断裂活动增强,内外动力耦合作用下的地质灾害频发是总体趋势;②全球气候变化引起的极端气候异常条件使地质灾害的成灾模式趋于多样化和复杂化,由于中国大陆是全球最大大陆性气候和海洋性气候交汇地带,也是地貌高差气候变化最大的地区,特别是2010年长时间干旱,汛期集中的高强度、长持时的降雨、局部强暴雨导致大规模滑坡泥石流灾害,尤其是在青藏高原周缘等内动力作用强烈地区,导致地质灾害频发;③人口增长、城镇化进程及工程经济活动是地质灾害发生不可忽视的重要因素,城镇化建设和工程经济活动规模大,且逐步向生态地质环境相对脆弱的地区转移,城镇人口密度快速增加,特别是山区城镇自主防灾减灾意识薄弱,直接导致地质灾害伤亡和损失程度加重。为了应对全球变化条件下的中国地质灾害形势,提高我国地质灾害防灾科技能力与管理水平,从我国地质灾害防灾减灾的现状分析入手,充分借鉴国际自然灾害综合减灾与风险管理的成功经验与策略,从推进中国地质灾害风险管理的角度提出了7点综合减灾建议,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用,推动政府管理部门、专业技术人员参与地质灾害综合减灾的广泛交流与讨论,促进防灾减灾科技与策略在实践中应用,为应对全球变化的中国地质灾害综合减灾集思广益。 相似文献
13.
全球气候变化及其对社会与自然系统产生的影响已日益受到全世界各国政府与广大民众的关注。与天气和气候有关的灾害给人类生命财产造成的损失日益增大,社会与生态系统似乎变得日趋脆弱。人们关心刚刚过去的20世纪的天气与气候发生了什么变化,更希望了解未来的21世纪,人类居住的地球会出现什么样的气候情景。根据一些国家和地区的观测记录、研究成果以及科学家们对气候变化的评估与预测展望,对全球气候变化问题进行概括。首先阐明20世纪地区性气候变化的事实;并根据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)科学技术报告中关于20世纪全球气候变化进行的总结性评估以及对21世纪全球气候变化的预测,作为阐述过去与未来全球气候变化的主要依据。同时,还介绍了一些科学家对IPCC关于全球气候变化的结论所持的不同观点或质疑。还就气候变化对社会与自然系统可能产生的影响略作论述。 相似文献
14.
Visualization of Climate Change and Economic Research Hotspots:Integrating Cited References and Burst Keywords 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The study of the economic impact of climate change has received extensive attention from governments and scholars around the world. This paper based on 14 796 literatures that related to climate change and economic from the core database of Web of Science. Integrating the method of co-citation network and burst keywords co-occurrence network to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of research hotspots on climate change and economic impact. The results show that the global literature's number keep a exponential growth trend, rapidly after 2007. Before 2007, the research hotspots primarily centered on the climate change attribution analysis (increased CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, land use changes, etc.), the impact on natural ecosystems (agricultural production, food security, Arctic ice caps, coastal zones, etc.) and socio-economic System (human health, energy, industry, etc.), and the assessment of economic impac and then focused on the future scenarios of climate change and CO2 abatement and how to adapt and mitigate the climate change. After 2007, with the introduction of IPCC AR4 and Stern report, further strengthened the research on cost-effective assessment of climate change impact, vulnerability, bioenergy and so on. The research hotspots focus on economics of climate change and trade. In space, the literatures of research hotspots were mainly come from the United States, Canada, Western European countries (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands), Australia and China. 相似文献
15.
《地球科学进展》2014,29(1):15-22
By illustrating the relationship between the climate system and the scientific data, a requirement of scientific data for the earth system research has been proposed to be paid more attention to climate change studies. The research progresses of global climate change in China for the recent 10 years have been reviewed and the important role of observation datasets and assimilated production in the global climate change has been pointed out. Furthermore, the meteorological data sharing situation 相似文献
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17.
近年来，在全球气候变化和城市化快速发展的共同影响下，中国城市洪涝灾害日益严重，已经成为影响中国城市公共安全的突出问题，严重制约经济社会的持续健康发展。变化环境下城市洪涝致灾机理与风险评估研究是完善城市防洪除涝减灾体系、提升城市防洪除涝能力的重要依据。本文阐述了气候变化和城市化发展对城市洪涝灾害的影响机制，系统分析了城市洪涝灾害的驱动要素和致灾机理，梳理了城市洪涝灾害的风险评估和分区方法，并以济南市海绵城市示范区为例，对城市洪涝灾害风险分区方法进行了分析和对比。 相似文献
18.
近20年来气候模式的发展与模式比较计划 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
20世纪80年代以来，全球气候观测系统的不断完善、国际大型外场观测试验的成功实施以及高性能计算机的飞速发展，为气候模式的迅猛发展提供了基础和条件。近20年来气候模式的复杂程度和模拟能力得到了显著的提高，目前已成为研究全球和区域气候的形成及变异、气候系统各圈层之间的相互作用以及全球变化等的有力工具。对气候模式（包括大气环流模式、陆面过程模式、海洋环流模式以及区域气候模式）的主要发展进行综合评述，并简要介绍了目前世界上一些主要的模式比较研究计划。 相似文献
19.
Climate change is considered as the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. The increasing adverse health effects of climate change has been a public concern worldwide. In order to develop the specific health response strategies, a key research project, "Climate change and human health: Risk assessments, early signals and response strategies", was approved by the National Key R & D Program of China in May 2018. This project will integrate researchers from multidisciplinary background, such as public health, medicine, meteorological sciences, disaster management, to address the following scientific questions: ①The impact of climate change on population health and its regional heterogeneity; ②The underlying mechanisms and pathways of how climate change and extreme events impact on health; ③Capture of the early signals of climate system anomalies which may lead to regional health risks; ④The comprehensive health risk assessments and development of coping strategies for tackling climate change. This project will improve our understanding of climate change and health and help policy maker to develop national and local responses to climate change in China. 相似文献