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1.
The dominant livelihood types of farm households have become increasingly differentiated in recent years, which has attracted the attention of researchers. Identifying the characteristics and driving factors of household livelihood differentiation is of great significance for revealing man-land relationship and policy making. Based on the interview data of farm households in typical villages in key ecological function areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China, we analyzed the pattern of the dominant diversified livelihood types and the livelihood characteristics among different farm households. Then we assessed the driving forces of livelihood diversification by optimal scaling regression. The results indicated that: (1) In the study area, the dominant livelihood types show two trends of agriculturally dominant livelihood (accounting for 53.07%) and non-agriculturally dominant livelihood (accounting for 46.93%). Moreover, farm households in the agro-pastoral areas are mainly agriculturally dominated (accounting for 75.68%), while farm households in the mountainous areas are mainly non-agriculturally dominated (accounting for 66.93%). (2) The labor allocation and income source of different types of farm households are consistent with their dominant livelihood types. The farm households with agriculturally dominant livelihoods have more natural resources than those with non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods. In terms of housing conditions, farm households with agriculturally dominant livelihoods are inferior to those with non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods. (3) The farm labor, dependency ratio, agricultural income, supplemental income and locational conditions have negative impacts on the non-agricultural trend of farm household livelihood decisions, while off-farm labor, non-farm income, education level and the per capita amount of compensation have significant positive impacts on it. 相似文献
2.
R＆D投入的区位模式与区域经济发展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
基于对中国R＆D投入的区位模式的实证检验，从投入一产出绩效的角度认为集中投入的区位模式具有较强的适宜性。利用聚类分析技术，按照R＆D的投入强度和及其对经济的带动效应、科技化效应、产业化效应将中国各省区划分为6类地区，具有代表性的是科技化模式和产业化模式。其中前者适合于技术存置较高的少数地区，而后者具有较强的借鉴意义。 相似文献
3.
Atsushi Masuyama 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(7):1502-1522
This paper proposes an appropriate index for evaluating the degree to which facilities are desirable to their users under realistic assumptions. We derive an analytical expression for the index and discuss its calculation. Throughout this paper, we make the following three assumptions: (1) the distance from a user to a facility is measured by the shortest path, (2) facility users are continuously distributed along a network, and (3) the choice behavior of the facility users follows the Huff model. Under the third assumption, the index, called the ‘total locational surplus,’ enables us to conduct evaluations based on the concept of consumer surplus in microeconomics. We argue that this index is considered the most reliable among possible indices. First, we express the total locational surplus under our three assumptions as a definite integral. We then express a part of the integrand in the definite integral as an infinite series of exponential functions, which allows us to derive the infinite series expression of the definite integral. The infinite series expression enables us to calculate an approximate value for the total locational surplus using the first several terms of the series. We describe the computational procedure for calculating this approximation and evaluate its time complexity. We also utilize the procedure to evaluate the spatial configuration of some shopping centers in the northern part of Japan. 相似文献
4.
从土地供给角度建立城市扩展模型,可以为城市扩展模拟研究提供有效补充。城市扩展生态阻力面模型是这一领域的新进展,在最小累积阻力面模型的基础上增加了绝对生态约束和扩展源等级的改进。在城市扩展生态阻力面模型的基础上,进一步加入了城市空间区位条件因素,包括城市间空间相互作用和道路交通条件两项因子,以反映其对城市空间扩展的影响。从而构建了综合考虑城市扩展的推力、阻力和外部吸引力的城市扩展模型。以新疆玛纳斯县城及其周边区域为例,利用构建的模型进行实证研究。结果表明,改进的模型取得了较好的应用效果,反映了城市扩展的推力、阻力和外部吸引力的综合作用,为城市扩展模拟提供了新方法。 相似文献
5.
This work examines the use of an annually updated metropolitan data system as a tool for evaluating benign racial location policies during the first year of the Section 8 Existing Rent Supplement program. Case-study evidence shows that the rent supplement program (with benign locational policies) is ineffective in reducing the isolation faced by minority groups, and that the information used to monitor compliance of the program with benign locational policies lags badly behind the true state of affairs. As a result, new areas of racial concentration have been encouraged and augmented. 相似文献
6.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):147-151
This work examines the use of an annually updated metropolitan data system as a tool for evaluating benign racial location policies during the first year of the Section 8 Existing Rent Supplement program. Case-study evidence shows that the rent supplement program (with benign locational policies) is ineffective in reducing the isolation faced by minority groups, and that the information used to monitor compliance of the program with benign locational policies lags badly behind the true state of affairs. As a result, new areas of racial concentration have been encouraged and augmented. 相似文献
7.
宁波市港口物流企业空间格局及区位选择 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
以宁波市为例,基于港口物流企业空间数据,运用冷热点分析和泊松回归等方法,研究宁波市港口物流企业空间分布特征及影响因素。结果发现：① 宁波市港口物流企业呈现向心集聚性,圈层分布格局明显。中心商务区和临港工业区是集聚热点区域;②港口物流企业集聚特征明显但整体集聚程度下降,表现出在中心商务区和临港工业区持续集聚和沿主干道路向外围区域蔓延扩散两大趋势;③不同类型港口物流企业的区位选择有明显差异：货代型物流企业主要分布在中心商务区,仓储型物流企业主要临港分布,运输型企业选择临近沿交通干道布局,综合型物流企业的分布没有明显的区位倾向;④ 政策因素、土地价格、城乡差异、临近港口、经济潜力和工业结构都不同程度地影响港口物流企业的空间分布,而交通便利没有表现出相关性。 相似文献
8.
This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the concentration of social service facilities within North American cities. The location quotient and the coefficient of localization are applied to data on Adult Services, Children's Services and psychiatric group homes (residential care facilities) in Metropolitan Toronto. Results demonstrate a high degree of localization in all three categories, particularly the psychiatric, and could be used in the formulation of placement policies to relieve certain areas of the inner city of the social and economic pressures created by group home concentration. 相似文献
9.
北京市居住郊区化分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
随着城市社会经济和交通的快速发展,北京居住郊区化日益加速。本文根据北京人口迁移、居住区开发建设,并选择四个大型新建居住区住户问卷调查,宏观和微观相结合对北京居住区空间分布特征、影响因素及发展趋势进行剖析。居住区空间以沿各环路圈层扩展、沿向外辐射主干道带状延伸及在现代产业集聚区周边扩展为基本特征。多数居住区规模较小,功能单一。居住区类型日益多样化,且分布趋向区域化。居住区空间分布是多种因素综合作用的结果,随着城市交通网络向外扩展及郊区产业的发展,未来北京居住郊区化仍是呈较快推进的趋势,根据北京可用地资源条件及未来交通网发展及产业布局,居住区发展重点主要在东郊和南郊五环路和六环路两侧,以及顺义、通州、亦庄、良乡等新城。 相似文献
10.
FROM HAMBURGER ALLEY TO HEDGEROSE HEIGHTS: TOWARD A MODEL OF RESTAURANT LOCATION DYNAMICS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Richard Pillsbury 《The Professional geographer》1987,39(3):326-344
The distribution of restaurants is the product of a complex interaction of traditional and non-traditional location factors. Much of the obvious locational disorder may be reduced by categorizing restaurants into those which feed the body, meals consumed for nourishment, and those which feed the soul, meals planned for aesthetic or social reasons. Accessibility, locational ambience, and demographic character of the population served are the primary locational considerations, although a variety of perceptual, psychological, and spatial elements are significant for particular types of restaurants and situations in Atlanta, GA. 相似文献
11.
12.
湘江新区土地利用结构多目标规划及决策偏好分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土地利用规划需要综合考虑经济效益和生态效益。构建了经济最大化和生态效益最大化2个目标,并运用基于模糊集理论的最大(小)算子法求得兼顾经济效益和生态效益的土地利用模糊最优规划方案。随后重点探讨了不同决策偏好情景下的土地利用优化方案和综合效益的变化。研究结果表明:(1)对经济效益和生态效益的偏好程度不同,主要会导致林地、城镇建设用地和水域面积发生变化;(2)随着决策者对生态效益偏好程度的增加,城镇建设用地面积逐渐减少,林地和水域面积逐渐增加;(3)当经济效益比生态效益重要时,最优的用地规划方案主要是在城镇用地和水域面积之间进行权衡;当生态效益比经济效益重要时,最优的用地规划方案主要是在林地和城镇建设用地之间进行权衡。研究结果对湘江新区进行"资源节约型和环境友好型社会"建设中的多目标土地利用规划具有一定的决策参考价值。 相似文献
13.
Chi Kin Leung 《The Professional geographer》1990,42(4):403-421
An examination of the locational characteristics of intended foreign equity joint venture (EJV) investment in China during the period 1979 to 1985 indicates that foreign EJV investment was highly concentrated in the coastal region, in the more developed areas of the provinces, and in large cities. The locational characteristics, however, differed between economic sectors and between countries of origin of investment. Although foreign EJV investment became spatially more dispersed through time, the impacts on the development of inland regions and backward areas in China remained limited. 相似文献
14.
生态移民过程具有规模性、集中性等特点,其对安置区土地利用产生最直接的变化,理论上具有显性或潜在的生态风险。以我国最大的生态扶贫移民集中区-宁夏红寺堡区为例,以1995年、2005年和2015年三期遥感数据为基础,综合运用景观格局指数、生态风险指数、空间分析法构建生态风险指数,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能对研究区生态风险的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明：1995-2015年间安置区景观格局发生较大的变化,草地面积减少29 744.04 hm2,耕地、林地、水域以及建设用地面积分别增加了18 979.73、4 167.343 6、672.193 3、4 314.280 6 hm2,沙地和未利用地变化幅度较大,但其研究始末面积变化不大。研究区景观生态风险空间分布变化明显,且呈现出由集中连片式分布转向零散式的多核地域分布的变化格局,其中高度风险区主要分布在柳泉乡的东北角、小罗山西麓地区以及大河乡的中部和西南部,较高风险区在安置区北部地区以及大河乡的中西部地区分布较为广泛,较低和低度风险区则主要分布在罗山周边地区、柳泉乡的东南部、太阳山镇的西南部以及红寺堡镇的南部等地区。研究期间安置区高生态风险区面积大幅度减少,较高风险区和低度生态风险区面积不断增加,因此生态风险总体呈减弱趋势。安置区生态风险值呈现出显著的空间正相关关系,在空间上存在着空间集聚效应,说明安置区生态风险时空分布与人类活动、土地利用强度之间关系密切。 相似文献
15.
Postindustrial Manufacturing in a Sunbelt Metropolis: Where Are Factories Located in Phoenix? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Urban geography》2013,34(8):898-926
Manufacturing establishments are integral to the spatial structure of fast-growing Sunbelt metropolitan areas, but most concepts and theories of intrametropolitan location were largely developed for an earlier technological era and different spatial contexts. This article investigates the location of nine disaggregated manufacturing sectors in Phoenix, Arizona, showing varying degrees of central core concentration and metropolitan-wide clustering. Distinct sectoral co-location patterns are also evident. We interpret our results as evidence that the intrametropolitan location of postindustrial manufacturing is best understood as a series of spatial distributions with varying concentration, centralization, clustering, and other order-based characteristics. There is little evidence that randomly scattered discrete industrial zones have developed nor that spatial patterns are uniform. Enduring lock-in effects tied to transportation infrastructure are pivotal to understanding the locational distribution of manufacturing industries in metropolitan Phoenix. Results do not support a hypothesis that a positive relationship exists between establishment size and distance from sectoral mean centers. 相似文献
16.
滇东南喀斯特山区生态系统服务时空格局及功能分区 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
明晰生态系统服务时空格局,划分生态系统服务功能区,将有助于实现土地资源精细化管理。本文以滇东南喀斯特山区典型区域文山市为例,分析2000—2017年食物供给、产水量、植被净初级生产力、土壤保持、生境质量和旅游文化6项生态系统服务的时空格局及其分异特征;运用K-means聚类法识别生态系统服务簇,划分生态系统服务功能区,并提出差异化生态管控措施。结果表明：① 2000—2017年间,除生境质量服务下降外,文山市其他5项服务均呈上升趋势。② 空间分布上,文山市6项生态系统服务高值区集中分布在西部和南部,低值区集中分布在北部和中部;6项服务的冷热点区域空间分布有差异,但整体上具有重叠性。除旅游文化服务的热点和冷点区分布面积占比分别为2.56%和0以外,其他5项服务的冷热点区面积占比均在21%~32%;能够同时提供3项及以上高值生态系统服务功能的区域较少,85.50%的区域只能同时提供2项及以下高值服务功能。③ 根据服务簇聚类结果,文山市划分为生态保护区、生态过渡区、农业主产区和人类生产生活区4类功能区,针对各分区提出差异化生态管控建议。研究结果可为喀斯特山区城市资源利用和国土空间管控提供参考。 相似文献
17.
区位政策与区域经济发展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文从经济区位论的角度,研究了区位政策的目标和手段、以及它们对区域经济发展的作用。主要提出以下观点：①各级政府或决策部门可通过一定的区位政策,如区位投资环境的改善、区位补助金和区位倾斜政策等来诱导或限制个人或企业的经济活动行为的空间选择,最终实现国土的有效、均衡和可持续的发展;②区位政策对区域经济发展的作用主要表现在可以使利益空间的界限扩大或缩小,加速或缓减产业的空间集中或分散,刺激新产业区位生长点的形成,以及缩小区域经济差异等。 相似文献
18.
跨国公司对华直接投资区位选择战略分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
区位因素是影响跨国公司制定对外直接投资战略的重要因素之一。本文以香港、澳门、日本、韩国、美国、德国等国家和地区为代表，分析了跨国公司对华直接投资的动机及区位选择战略，在此基础上提出加入WTO之后中国企业海外直接投资的区位选择战略。 相似文献
19.
胡兆量 《云南地理环境研究》1992,4(2):9-15
笔者系统地分析了1978年以来地域经济结构变化趋势,并运用地理联系率、集中指数、最高与最低水平差距度量其区域经济结构变化规律,阐述了改革开放对地域结构变化所产生的影响及其合理性,归纳为:(1)改革开放的必然性决定地域经济结构变化的合理性;(2)改革开放以来经济地域分布变化复杂,有正反(即平衡和不平衡)两方面的趋势;(3)沿海潜在的区位优势转变为现实优势,以及老工业基地向周边和全国不断扩散是影响经济地域分布变化的两个主导因素;(4)积极的不平衡是地域经济结构优化的前奏;(5)改革开放的长期性决定了地域经济结构的长期性。 相似文献